Research Training ProgramSmithsonian
Institution
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| Reyna Romero New Mexico State University Las Cruces, New Mexico Klaus Ruetzler, Ph.D. "Working for the NMNH has given me the opportunity to experience the real world of science." |
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Research Training ProgramSmithsonian
Institution
|
|
| Reyna Romero New Mexico State University Las Cruces, New Mexico Klaus Ruetzler, Ph.D. "Working for the NMNH has given me the opportunity to experience the real world of science." |
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The collection of sponges (Porifera) from the south Atlantic coast of the United States, Part I: Composition
ABSTRACT
During the 1980's, a collection of invertebrates from the outer continental shelf of the United States (North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, and Georgia) was collected. Sampling techniques included SCUBA, trawls, dredges, and suction samplers at depths of 19 to 100 meters. In the present research, the diversity of sponges (Porifera) was examined by documenting the species types and populations from the 1980 survey. This data can be compared to a 1960 survey to illuminate possible changes brought on by oil and gas exploration on the outer continental shelf. A subset of the sponges collected in 1980 has been identified by examination of their skeletons. Sponge skeletons are composed of siliceous or calcium carbonate structures, or entirely of spongin fiber which support the soft tissues of sponges. The size and shape of the spicule or arrangement of fibers is diagnostic of the sponge species. In previous years, species identifications were performed by visual examination of the entire sponge specimens and no microscopic preparations were made. From these results, species abundance and distribution maps were constructed. The results presented here indicate that species identification through examination of microscope preparations is essential for proper identification. The 1980 survey misidentified and underestimated the number of species within a lot. It provides an unrealistic view of sponge diversity and population. Continuing efforts at species identification using spicule size and shape and skeletal structure should provide a clearer picture of sponge diversity in this ecosystem.
This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation, Alliance for Minority Participation, award # HRD-9732790.