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Natural History Research Staff

Last Updated: 28 September 2006

Smithsonian Institution
National Museum of Natural History
Research Staff


Research Staff Community

There are currently 145 scientific staff recorded as part of Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. This listing includes research scientists as well as professional, technical and emeritus scientific staff.

For a listing of Smithsonian Natural History scientific staff sorted by research discipline, including a description of the resources and facilities available, review "Smithsonian Opportunities for Research and Study" (SORS) produced by Smithsonian's Office of Fellowships.

NMNH
Science Staff
Complete NMNH
Scientific Community
Research Associates and Collaborators
Fellows
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ACEVEDO, Pedro, Associate Curator, Botany. B.A. (1977) University of Puerto Rico; Ph.D. (1989) City University of New York. Research specialties: systematics or Neotropical Sapindaceae, especially of climbing genera of Paullinieae tribe; floristics of the Caribbean Islands (Greater Antilles); taxonomy of climbing plants. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

ADEY, Walter H., Research Scientist and Curator. Adjunct professor at the University of Maryland. B.S. (1955) Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Ph.D. (1963) University of Michigan. Research specialties: algal ecology; Holocene geology as related to coastal ecosystems; microcosm modeling of aquatic systems. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

ARBOLINO, Risa Diemond, Archaeologist. B.A. (1993) Columbia University; Ph.D. (2000) Southern Methodist University. Research specialties: North American Archaeology, Archaeology of the American Southwest, Prehistoric Farming Strategies, Repatriation. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology, Repatriation.

ARCHAMBAULT, Joallyn, Director of American Indian Program. B.A. (1970), M.A. (1971), Ph.D. (1984) University of California, Berkeley. Research specialties: North American Indian ethnology with emphasis on the Plains and the Southwest; art and material culture; political clientelism; ethnic group relations. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

ARNOLDI, Mary Jo, Curator, African Art and Ethnology. B.F.A. (1970) Bowling Green State University; M.A. (1975) Michigan State University; Ph.D. (1983) Indiana University. Research specialties: African ethnography with emphasis on visual and performing arts; identity formation; ideology and social organization; and ethnohistory; African Voices Exhibit. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

BALDWIN, Carole C., Curator of Fishes. B.S. (1981) James Madison University; M.S. (1986) College of Charleston; Ph.D. (1992) College of William and Mary. Research specialties: systematics, phylogeny, morphology, early life history, and biogeography of tropical marine and deep-sea fishes; Galapagos. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Fishes Division.

BAYER, Frederick M., Zoologist Emeritus. B.A. (1948) University of Miami; M.S. (1954) George Washington University; Ph.D. (1958) George Washington University. Research specialties: systematics, morphology, and ultrastructure of octocorals worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

BEHRENSMEYER, Anna K., Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology. B.A. (1967) Washington University; M.A. (1968), Ph.D. (1973) Harvard University. Research specialties: paleoecology of terrestrial environments, especially in the later Cenozoic of Africa and Pakistan, continental sedimentation, vertebrate taphonomy in recent and ancient contexts, human paleoecology, evolution of terrestrial ecosystems Co-director, Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems (E.T.E.) Program. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

BILLECK, William, Archaeologist. B.A. (1976) Queens College; M.S. (1980) University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Ph.D. (1993) University of Missouri. Research specialties: North American Archaeology, Plains Indians, repatriation. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology, Repatriation.

BISHOP, Ronald, Research Archaeologist. B.A. (1965) San Francisco State University; Ph.D. (1975) Southern Illinois University. Research specialties: Archaeology of Meso- and Central America; ancient materials characterization; exchange systems; quantitative methods. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

BLACKMAN, James, Senior Research Chemist. B.A. (1965), M.S. (1971) Miami University (Ohio); Ph.D. (1975) Ohio State University. Research specialties: Archaeological materials characterization; exchange systems; production technology and organization, Old World, Middle East. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

BRAUN, Michael J., Curator, Vertebrate Zoology. B.A. (1977) Cornell University; Ph.D. (1983) Louisiana State University. Research specialties: Molecular phylogenetics, genetic analysis of avian hybridization and speciation, biogeography of Neotropical birds, conservation genetics, use of ancient DNA in evolutionary research. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Birds Division.

BURNS, John M., Curator of Lepidoptera. A.B. (1954) Johns Hopkins University; M.A. (1957), Ph.D. (1961) University of California, Berkeley. Research specialties: evolutionary biology; systematics and population biology of Lepidoptera, chiefly Hesperioidea (skippers) and Papilionoidea; biological poetry. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

BUZAS, Martin A., Senior Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Foraminifera. B.A. (1958) University of Connecticut; M.S. (1960) Brown University; Ph.D. (1963) Yale University. Research specialties: Foraminifera; quantitative ecology-paleoecology; biogeography; evolution. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

CAIRNS, Stephen D., Research Zoologist, Curator of Cnidaria. B.A. (1971) University of New Orleans; M.S. (1973), Ph.D. (1976) University of Miami. Research specialties: systematics, zoogeography, mineralogy, and phylogeny of Neogene to Recent Scleractinia (deep water and reef corals) and Stylasteridae (hydrocorals); coral reef biology. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

CARLETON, Michael D., Curator of Mammals. B.A. (1966) University of Massachusetts; Ph.D. (1979) University of Michigan. Research specialties: systematics and evolution of muroid rodents. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Mammals Division.

CARRANO, Matthew, Curator. B.S. (1991) Brown University; M.S. (1995), Ph.D. (1998) University of Chicago. Research specialties: large-scale evolutionary patterns in dinosaurs, dinosaur systematics, functional morphology and biomechanics. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

CASTRO, Jonathan M. Associate Curator. B.S. (1993) Humboldt State University; Ph.D. (1999) University of Oregon. Research specialties: volcanology; crystallization history of magma. Science Unit: Mineral Sciences. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

CHEETHAM, Alan. H. Research Paleobiologist Emeritus. B.S. (1950) New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; M.S. (1952) Louisiana State University; Ph.D. (1959) Columbia University. Research specialties: cheilostome Bryozoa, especially the Caribbean Neogene; multivariate morphometrics; application of quantitative methods to functional morphology, biomechanics, and evolutionary patterns. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

CODDINGTON, Jonathan A., Curator of Arachnida and Myriapoda. B.A. (1975) Yale; M.A. (1978), Ph.D. (1984) Harvard University. Research specialties: systematics and behavior of spiders; Araneoid Spider Systematics Project. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

CROCKER, William H., Curator Emeritus, South American Ethnology. B.A. (1950) Yale College; M.A. (1953) Stanford University; Ph.D. (1962) University of Wisconsin. Research specialties: South American ethnology; Brazilian ethnology; Ge-speaking Indians; ethnological material of the Canela Indians. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

CROWELL, Aron, Alaska Director, Arctic Studies Center/ Anthropologist. M.A. (1988) George Washington University; Ph.D. (1994) University of California, Berkeley. Research specialties: arctic archaeology and anthropology, museum anthropology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

DAVIS, Donald R., Curator of Lepidoptera. B.A. (1956) University of Kansas; Ph.D. (1962) Cornell University. Research specialties: systematics and phylogeny of the Lepidopterous suborders of Zeugloptera, Dacnonypha, Ditrysia, and Monotrysia and superfamily Tineoidea; biology of leaf-mining and cave-dwelling moths. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

DE QUEIROZ, Kevin, Associate Curator. B.A. (1978) University of California, Los Angeles; M.S. (1985) San Diego State University; Ph.D. (1989) University of California, Berkeley. Research specialties: systematics and evolutionary biology of reptiles; principles and methods of systematic biology. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Amphibians and Reptiles Division.

DIMICHELE, William A., Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Paleobotany. B.A. (1974) Drexel University; M.S. (1976), Ph.D. (1979) University of Illinois. Research specialties: morphology, systematics, and paleoecology of late Paleozoic plants, particularly the structure of late Paleozoic ecosystems and the relationship between long-term ecological and evolutionary patterns. Member, ETE Program. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

DORR, Laurence J., Associate Curator, Botany. B.A. (1976) Washington University; M.A. (1980) University of North Carolina; Ph.D. (1983) University of Texas. Research specialties: systematics of Malvales (especially Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae) and tropical African and Malagasy Ericaceae; flora of the northern Andes; botanical history and bibliography. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

DOVE, Carla, Research Zoologist. B.S. (1986) University of Montana, M.S. (1994) and Ph.D (1998) George Mason University. Research specialties: Forensic ornithology; researches microscopic variation in downy feather sturctures and identifies unknown feather samples retrieved from aircraft engines, wildlife cases, prey remains, and anthropological artifacts. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Birds Division.

DUMBACHER, John, Researcher. B.S. (1987) Vanderbilt University; M.S. (1995), Ph.D. (1997) University of Chicago. Research specialties: ornithology, evolution, chemical defense, Papua New Guinea, poisonous birds. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section. Genetics Lab.

EMRY, Robert J., Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Fossil Mammals. B.A. (1966) Colorado State University; Ph. D. (1970) Columbia University. Research specialties: Tertiary Mammalia of North America and Central Asia; mammalian biostratigraphy; stratigraphy of Tertiary continental deposits of western North America. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

ERWIN, Douglas, Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Paleozoic Mollusks. A.B. (1980) Colgate University; Ph.D. (1985) University of California, Santa Barbara. Research specialties: Cambrian metazoan radiation and post-extinction biotic recoveries; the Permian mass extinction; and evolutionary history and systematics of Cambrian-Triassic gastropods; Burgess Shale. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

ERWIN, Terry L., Curator of Coleoptera. B.A. (1964), M.A. (1966) San Jose State College; Ph.D. (1969) University of Alberta. Research specialties: evolution, systematics, natural history, and zoogeography of world ground beetles (Carabidae); ecologic aspects of Neotropical forest canopy insects and their allies, conservation of tropical forests. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

FADEN, Robert B., Associate Curator, Botany. B.A. (1962) City College of New York; M.S. (1964) University of Michigan; Ph.D. (1975) Washington University. Research specialties: systematics of Commelinaceae (worldwide); systematic anatomy; flora and phytogeography of East Africa; reproductive biology of angiosperms; evolutionary biology; Peace Corps Commelinaceae Cameroon Project. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

FAUCHALD, Kristian, Research Zoologist, Curator of Worms. Cand. Mag. (1959), Cand. Real. (1961) University of Bergen; Ph.D. (1969) University of Southern California. Research specialties: Systematics, anatomy, morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of marine polychaete worms, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

FAUST, Maria A., Research Microbiologist. B.A. (1951) Agricultural University of Budapest, Hungary; M.S. (1962) Rutgers State University; Ph.D. (1970) University of Maryland. Research specialties: morphology, geography, ecology, biodiversity, life history and cytology of harmful and non-harmful dinoflagellate microalgae in shallow-water tropical, marine waters including coral reefs and mangroves. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

FERRARI, Frank D., Research Zoologist, Curator of Crustacea. B.S. (1967) Ho bart College; M.A. (1969) Boston University; Ph.D. (1973) Texas A&M University. Research specialties: systematics and ecology of copepod crustaceans; development of crustaceans. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

FISKE, Richard S., Geologist Emeritus. B.S.E. (1954), M.S.E. (1955) Princeton University; Ph.D. (1960) Johns Hopkins University. Research specialties: physical volcanology of submarine pyroclastic eruptions, especially in the Tertiary and Recent of Japan; structural evolution of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, with special focus on the volcano's history of explosive eruptions and it's mobile south flank. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

FITZHUGH, William W., Curator, North American Archaeology; Head, Arctic Studies Center. B.A. (1964) Dartmouth College; M.A. (1967), Ph.D. (1970) Harvard University. Arctic Studies Center. Research specialties: prehistory of eastern Canada and northeastern Sectioned States; circumpolar ethnology and archaeology; Arctic material culture; Arctic social science policy; cultural ecology of the North; ethnographic and prehistoric maritime adaptations; culture and climatology. European-Native contacts and transformations. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

FLEISCHER, Robert, Evolutionary Biologist. B.A. (1978) University of California, Santa Barbara: Ph.D. (1983) University of Kansas. Research specialties: evolutionary biology, ornithology, molecular population genetics, behavioral ecology. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section. Genetics Lab.

FLINT JR., Oliver S., Emeritus Research Entomologist. B.A. (1953), M.S. (1955) University of Massachusetts; Ph.D. (1960) Cornell University. Research specialties: taxonomy and biology of the Trichoptera and Megaloidea of the New World. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

FROHLICH, Bruno, Statistician, Physical Anthropology. B.A. (1973) University of Copenhagen; M.S. (1976), Ph.D. (1979) University of Connecticut. Research specialties: Middle Eastern skeletal biology; Arctic and Sub-Arctic skeletal biology; forensic anthropology; remote sensing; geophysical methods;and computed temography. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

FUNK, Vicki A., Research Botanist and Head, Biological Diversity of the Guianas (BDG) program. B.S. (1969), M.S. (1975), Ph.D. (1980) Ohio State University. Research specialties: systematics of the Compositae, theoretical cladistics and biogeography, and methods for estimating biodiversity. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

FURTH, David, Collections Manager. B. A (1967) Miami University; M. S. (1969) Ohio State University; Ph.D. (1976) Cornell University. Research specialties: Systematics and biology of Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae), especially Flea Beetles (Alticinae). Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

GODDARD, Ives, Senior Linguist, Anthropology (Linguistics). A.B. (1963) Harvard College; Ph.D. (1969) Harvard University. Research specialties: linguistics and North America; general linguistics including descriptive, historical, and theoretical; textual analysis, discourse, philology; Algonquian linguistics, and ethnohistory. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

GRAVES, Gary R., Curator of Birds. B.A. (1976) University of Arkansas, Little Rock; M.S. (1980) Louisiana State University; Ph.D. (1983) Florida State University. Research specialties: evolution, biogeography, and ecology of Neotropical birds, especially Andean taxa. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Birds Division.

GREENE, Candace S., Ethnologist, North American Ethnology. B.A. (1971) University of Texas; M.A. (1976) Brown University, Ph.D. (1985) University of Oklahoma. Research specialties: Native North American art, material culture, and ethnography, especially Plains Indians; collections documentation. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

HALL, Jason, Research Scientist. B.A. (1993), M.A. (1993) Oxford University; Ph.D. (1999) University of Florida. Research specialties: evolution, systematics, phylogenetics, biogeography, ecology and conservation of butterflies, particularly those from the Neotropics and those belonging to the family Riodinidae. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

HARASEWYCH, M.G., Research Zoologist, Curator of Mollusks. B.A. (1972) Drexel University; M.S. (1978), Ph.D. (1982) University of Delaware. Research specialties: systematics and molecular biology of marine bathyal and abyssal mollusks, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

HERSHLER, Robert, Research Zoologist, Curator of Mollusks. B.A. (1975) SUNY at Stony Brook; M.A. (1980), Ph.D. (1983) Johns Hopkins University. Research specialties: systematics, phylogenetics, biogeography, and ecology of non-marine mollusks, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

HEYER, W. Ronald, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles. B.A. (1963) Pacific Lutheran University; M.A. (1965), Ph.D. (1968) University of Southern California. Research specialties: systematics, evolution, and biogeography of Neotropical amphibians. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Amphibians and Reptiles Division.

HOFFMANN, Robert S., Senior Scientist Emeritus, Division of Mammals. B.A. (1950) Utah State University; M.A. (1954), Ph.D. (1955) University of California, Berkeley. Research specialties: systematics and evolution of Holarctic mammals (North America, northern Eurasia (Russia, China)); insectibores, rodents, ungulates. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Mammals Division.

HOLLINGER, R. Eric, Archaeologist. B.A. (1990), M.A. (1993) University if Missouri. Research specialties: Late prehistoric Midwest, Great Lakes, and Eastern Sectioned States, Repatriation, Archaeology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology, Repatriation.

HOMIAK, John P., Director, Anthropology Collections and Archives Program; National Anthropological Archives / Human Studies Film Archives. B.A. (1969) Franklin & Marshall College; M.A. (1975) U.S. International University; Ph.D. (1985) Brandeis University. Research specialties: Ethnographic film research, historical footage, visual anthropology, Caribbean ethnology, Creolization and Diaspora Studies, Jamaican and Rastafari ethnology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

HOPE, W. Duane, Research Zoologist, Marine Nematodes. B.A. (1957), M.S. (1960) Colorado State University; Ph.D. (1965) University of California, Davis. Research specialties: systematics, comparative and functional ultrastructure, and phylogenetics of marine nematode worms, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

HOUCHINS, Chang-Su, Museum Specialist, Asian Ethnology. Diploma (1944) Japan Women's University; B.A. (1950) MacMurray College; M.A. (1953) University of Washington. Research specialties: Northeast Asian cultural orientation with area emphasis on Japan and Korea, and topical emphasis on folk art, especially motifs and symbolism; preindustrial material culture; ethnohistory; and museum collection histories. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

HUBER, Brian T., Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Foraminifera. B.A. (1981) University of Akron; M.S. (1984), Ph.D. (1988) Ohio State University. Research specialties: Study of Cretaceous climate and oceanography; biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of Cretaceous and Paleogene foraminifera; evolution and extinction dynamics of Late Cretaceous and Paleogene planktonic foraminifera; Cretaceous strontium and light stable isotope isotope stratigraphy. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

HUNT, David R., Museum Specialist/Physical Anthropology Collections Management. B.A. (1980) University of Illinois; M.A. (1983), Ph.D. (1989) University of Tennessee. Research specialties: human variation, skeletal biology, forensic anthropology, human mummies of the world, dermatoglyphics. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

HUNT, Eugene. Associate Curator. B.S. (1995) Duke University; Ph.D. (2003) University of Chicago. Research specialties: long-term evolutionary changes; fossil ostracodes. Science unit: Paleobiology. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

JAMES, Helen F., Museum Specialist. B.A. (1977) University of Arkansas; D.Phil. (2000) Oxford University. Research specialties: Anatomy and systematics of birds; paleoecology and biogeography of island avifaunas. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Birds Division.

JAROSEWICH, Eugene, Research Chemist-Emeritus. B.A. (1957) University of Illinois. Research specialties: Chemistry of meteorites, minerals, rocks, and museum objects. Characterization of electron microprobe standards. Classical analytical chemistry, x-ray fluorescence and electron microprobe analysis. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

JOHNSON, G. David, Curator of Fishes. B.A. (1967) University of Texas at Austin; Ph.D. (1977) Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Research specialties: systematics, comparative anatomy, ontogeny, phylogeny, and early life history of fishes, particularly acanthomorphs. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Fishes Division.

KAEPPLER, Adrienne L., Curator, Oceanic Ethnology. B.A. (1959), M.A. (1961), Ph.D. (1967) University of Hawaii. Research specialties: social anthropology, material culture, art, ethnohistory, ethnoscience of Polynesia and Micronesia, and aesthetics and systems of knowledge. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

KELLOFF, Carol L., Assistant Head, Biological Diversity of the Guianas. B.S. (1986) Elmira College, M.S. (1989) George Mason University, Ph.D. (2002) George Mason University. Research specialties: systematic studies of ferns; biodiversity of the Guianas. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

KNAPP, Leslie, Marine Biologist Emeritus. B.S.(1952) Cornell University; M.A.(1958) University of Missouri; Ph.D.(1964) Cornell University. Research specialties: Systematics of North American Percidae and the marine fish family Platycephalidae. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Fishes Division.

KORNICKER, Louis S., Research Zoologist, Curator of Crustacea. Adjunct Professor in Biology, George Washington University. B.A. (1941), B.S.Ch.E. (1942) University of Alabama; M.A. (1954), Ph.D. (1957) Columbia University. Research specialties: systematics, zoogeography, and ecology of ostracode crustaceans, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

KRESS, W. John, Curator, Botany. B.A. (1975) Harvard University; Ph.D. (1981) Duke University. Research specialties: systematics and phylogenetics of tropical plants, especially monocotyledons and the Zingiberales (bananas, heliconias, and gingers); plant reproductive biology; the evolution of breeding and pollination systems; genetic variation and speciation. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

KRUPNICK, Gary, Director, Plant Conservation Section; Editor, Biological Conservation Newsletter. B.A. (1990) University of California San Diego; Ph.D. (1996) University of California Irvine. Research specialties: Plant Conservation Biology. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

KRUPNIK, Igor I., Arctic Ethnologist. Arctic Studies Center. M.A. (1973) Moscow State University, Moscow; Ph.D. (1977) Institute of Enthnography, Moscow; Ph.D. (1990) Institute of Ecology and Morphology, Moscow. Research specialties: arctic ethnology (subsistence, indigenous knowledge, social systems), siberian ethnology and modern change; history of arctic ethnological research and native sounds. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

LABANDEIRA, Conrad, Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Fossil Arthropods. B.A. (1980) California State University, Fresno; M.S. (1986) University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Ph.D. (1990) University of Chicago. Research specialties: interactions between plants and insects in the fossil record; fossil arthropods, particularly insects; evolution of mouthparts of insects; member ETE Program. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

LAUGHLIN, Robert M., Curator, Middle American Ethnology. B.A. (1956) Princeton University; M.A. (1959), Ph.D. (1963) Harvard University. Research specialties: ethnology of Mesoamerica, particularly of the Mayan groups, with special interest in mythology, religion, world view, ethnobotany, and linguistics; continuing research on the ethnography and linguistics of the Tzotzil of Zinacantan, Chiapas, Mexico. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

LELLINGER, David B., Curator Emeritus, Botany. B.A. (1958) University of Illinois; M.S. (1960), Ph.D. (1965) University of Michigan. Research specialties: taxonomy of pteridophytes, especially those of the New World tropics. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

LEMAITRE, Rafael, Research Zoologist, Curator of Crustacea. B.A. (1977) Universidad J. Tadeo Lozano; M.S. (1981) Florida International University; Ph.D. (1986) University of Miami. Research specialties: systematics, biology, and zoogeography of decapod crustaceans, especially hermit crabs, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

LEOPOLD, Robert, Archives and Collection Information Manager. B.A. (1979) State University of New York at Binghamton; M.A. (1984), Ph.D. (1991) Indiana University. Research specialties: African ethnology; history of museum collections; digital imaging in archives and museums; online exhibits. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

LIPPERT, Dorothy, Case Officer. Ph.D. (1997) University of Texas at Austin; M.A. (1993) University of Texas at Austin; B.A. (1989) Rice University. Research specialties: Native American tribes of the southeastern Sectioned States, bioarchaeology, indigenous medical theory, contemporary Native American issues. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology, Repatriation.

LITTLER, Mark M., Senior Scientist, Botany. Algae. B.A. (1961), M.S. (1966) Ohio University; Ph.D. (1971) University of Hawaii. Research specialties: relative dominance theory, functional morphology and complex ecological interactions in coral reef systems. Other research can be categorized under the following headings: monographic/phylogenetic systematics; seaweed experimental taxonomy; causes of variability in biodiversity, standing stocks, productivity and evolution of tropical marine ecosystems. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

LORING, Stephen, Museum Anthropologist, Arctic Studies Center. B.A. (1973) Goddard College; M.A. (1984), Ph.D. (1991) University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Research specialties: Arctic and sub-Arctic ethnohistory and archaeology; Labrador; public policy in the circumpolar north. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

LUHR, James F., Geologist; Head, Global Volcanism Program. B.A. (1975) University of Illinois, Urbana; M.A. (1977), Ph.D. (1980) University of California, Berkeley. Research specialties: Mexican volcanoes; petrology of volcanic rocks from subduction-related continental arcs; petrology of volcanic rocks and xenoliths from continental rift zones; magmatic volatiles. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

MACINTYRE, Ian G., Research Geologist. B.Sc. (1957) Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Ph.D. (1967) McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Research specialties: carbonate petrography; geological aspects of tropical coral-reef ecosystems; Holocene reef history in the western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific; shallow-water marine geology of the U.S. continental shelf; problems in submarine cementation. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

MACPHERSON, Glenn J., Geologist. B.S. (1972) University of California, Santa Cruz; Ph.D. (1981) Princeton University. Research specialties: Isotopic and petrologic studies of chondrite meteorites and their bearing on the earliest history of the solar system; petrologic studies of ancient volcanic rocks (ophiolites). Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

MALDONADO, Jesus, Research Geneticist. B.S. (1983); M.S. (1985) Shippensburg University; Ph.D. (2001) University of California, Los Angeles. Research specialties: systematics and evolution of mammals, conservation genetics. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section. Genetics Lab.

MASON, Brian H., Curator Emeritus of Meteorites. B.A. (1937), M.S. (1938) University of New Zealand; Ph.D. (1943) University of Stockholm. Research specialties: cosmochemistry; mineralogy and petrology of meteorites. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

MATHIS, Wayne N., Curator of Diptera. B.A. (1969) Brigham Young University; Ph.D. (1976) Oregon State University. Research specialties: systematics, biology, and zoogeography of Canacidae, Tethrnidae, and Ephydroidea, with special emphasis on Ephydridae. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

MCCOY, Timothy J., Geologist, Associate Curator. B.S. (1986) Eastern Illinois University; M.S. (1990) University of New Mexico; Ph.D. (1994) University of Hawaii, Manoa. Research specialties: meteorites, igneous evolution of small bodies in the early solar system, martian volcanological history derived from meteorites. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

MEAD, James G., Curator of Mammals. Marine Mammal Program. B.A. (1965) Yale College; M.A. (1972) University of Texas; Ph.D. (1972) University of Chicago. Research specialties: evolution and interrelationship of cetaceans; functional anatomy, distribution, and biology of cetaceans in the western and northern Atlantic. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Mammals Division.

MEGGERS, Betty J., Expert. B.A. (1943) University of Pennsylvania; M.A. (1944) University of Michigan; Ph.D. (1952) Columbia University. Research specialties: archeology, cultural evolution, cultural ecology of Latin America, precolumbian transpacific contact. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

MELSON, William G., Senior Scientist Emeritus. B.A. (1961) Johns Hopkins University; Ph.D. (1964) Princeton University. Research specialties: igneous and metamorphic petrology; research on rocks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; studies of active volcanoes; regional geology-Central America, Montana, Central Appalachians; marine geology-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

MEÑEZ, Ernani G., Botanist Emeritus. B.S. (1954) University of the Philippines; M.S. (1962) University of Hawaii; Ph.D. (1980) University of New Hampshire. Research specialties: systematics of tropical and subtropical marine benthic algae and seagrasses. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

MERRILL, William L., Curator, North American Ethnology. B.A. (1972) University of North Carolina; M.A. (1975), Ph.D. (1981) University of Michigan. Research specialties: ethnology with an emphasis on world view, religion, ethnobiology and ethnohistory of North American Indians, particularly Indian groups of western North America and the relationships between material and nonmaterial aspects of culture; Mexico-North / Mexico-Norte Project. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

MILLER, Scott E., Curator of Lepidopetra. B.A. University of California, Santa Barbara; Ph.D. (1986) Harvard University. Research specialties: Systematics of Lepidoptera (moths); biogeography of Pacific Basin, New Guinea, and Africa; plant-insect community ecology. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

NICOLSON, Dan H., Curator, Botany. B.A. (1955) Grinnell College; M.B.A. (1957) Stanford University; M.S. (1959), Ph.D. (1964) Cornell University. Research specialties: taxonomy of Araceae; flora of Dominica, Nepal, and southern India, botany of 2nd Cook Expedition (1772-1775); botanical nomenclature; Forster Collections Project. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

NORRIS, James N., Research Scientist and Curator, Botany. Algae. B.A. (1968) San Francisco State College; M.A. (1971) San Francisco State University; Ph.D. (1975) University of California, Santa Barbara. Research specialties: systematics, chemotaxonomy, and ecology of benthic marine algae, especially tropical and subtropical species. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

NORENBURG, Jon, Research Zoologist, Curator of Worms. B.A. (1973), M.S. (1976) Acadia University; Ph.D. (1983) Northeastern University. Research specialties: morphological and molecular phylogeny, phylogeography, biogeography and functional anatomy of nemertean worms, worldwide; biology and zoogeography of soft-bodied marine interstitial fauna, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

OLSON, Storrs L., Curator of Birds. Research Associate, Bernice P. Bishop Museum. B.A. (1966), M.S. (1968) Florida State University; Sc.D. (1972) Johns Hopkins University. Research specialties: paleontology and systematics of birds, with emphasis on island avifaunas, early evolution of modern groups of birds, and neotropical biogeography. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Birds Division.

ORTNER, Donald J., Curator, Physical Anthropology. B.A. (1960) Columbia Union College; M.A. (1967) Syracuse University; Ph.D. (1970) University of Kansas; D.Sc. (Honorary) (1995) University of Bradford, U.K.. Research specialties: physical anthropology; human biocultural adaptation; paleopathology; microevolution; health and disease in Medieval England; calcified tissue biology; Middle Eastern skeletal biology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

OUSLEY, Stephen, Osteology Laboratory Director. B.A. (1985) University of Maryland, College Park; M.A. (1993) University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Ph.D. (1997) Univeristy of Tennessee, Knoxville. Research specialties: skeletal biology, estimating population affinities through skeletal measurements, three-dimensional morphometrics, computer programming and database programming. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

OWSLEY, Douglas W., Curator, Physical Anthropology. B.A. (1973) University of Wyoming; M.A. (1975), Ph.D. (1978) University of Tennessee. Research specialties: skeletal biology; forensic anthropology; historic populations in North America; North American Plains Indians; Polynesia. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

PARENTI, Lynne R., Curator of Fishes. B.A. (1975) State University of New York at Stony Brook; Ph.D. (1980) City University of New York. Research specialties: systematics and biogeography of Indo-Pacific freshwater fishes, in particular atherinomorph and gobioid fishes; historical biogeography; reproductive and nerve characters in fish systematics. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Fishes Division.

PAUL, Valerie J., Head Scientist, Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. B.A. (1979), Ph.D. (1985) University of California, San Diego. Research specialties: Marine chemical ecology, marine plant-herbivore interactions, coral reef ecology, and marine natural products.

PAWSON, David L., Senior Research Zoologist, Curator of Echinoderms. Associate in Invertebrates, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. B.A. (1960), M.S. (1961), Ph.D. (1964) Victoria University, New Zealand. Research specialties: systematics and ecology of sea cucumbers and sea urchins, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

PETERSON, Paul M., Curator, Botany. Grasses. B.A. (1977) Humboldt State University; M.S. (1984) University of Nevada; Ph.D. (1988) Washington State University. Research specialties: systematics and floristics of chloridoid grasses; phylogeny of the grass family. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

PIPERNO, Delores R., Research Scientist and Curator of Archaeobotany, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, and Staff Scientist, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. B.A. (1971) Rutgers University; M.A. (1979), PhD (1983) Temple University. Research specialties: Tropical archaeology, archaeobotany, and paleoecology; agricultural origins; prehistoric human ecology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

POST, Jeffrey E., Mineralogist; Curator, Gems and Minerals. B.A. (1976) University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Ph.D. (1981) Arizona State University. Research specialties: single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction; electron microscopy; manganese oxide minerals; clay minerals; computer modeling of mineral structures, rietveld analysis. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

POTTS, Richard, Curator, Physical Anthropology; Head, Human Origins Program. B.A. (1975) Temple University; Ph.D. (1982) Harvard University. Research specialties: paleoecology and evolution of early hominids; excavation and analysis of hominid sites (late Miocene through Pleistocene). Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

RICE, Mary E., Research Zoologist Emeritus, Curator of Worms; Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. B.A. (1947) Drew University; M.A. (1949) Oberlin College; Ph.D. (1966) University of Washington. Research specialties: systematics and development of marine sipunculan worms; development and larval biology of marine invertebrates, worldwide.

ROBBINS, Robert K., Curator of Lepidoptera. B.A. (1969) Brown University; Ph.D. (1978) Tufts University. Research specialties: systematics of Lycaenidae, evolutionary biology of butterflies, patterns of butterfly diversity. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

ROBINSON, Harold E., Curator, Botany. B.A. (1955) Ohio University; M.S. (1957) University of Tennessee; Ph.D. (1960) Duke University. Research specialties: taxonomy of Bryophyta, with emphasis on exotic forms and Neotropical species, taxonomy and anatomy of Compositae. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

ROGERS, J. Daniel, Curator, North American Archaeology. B.A. (1976); M.A. (1982) University of Oklahoma; Ph.D. (1987) University of Chicago. Research specialties: Great Plains, Southeastern U.S., Mexico archaeology and ethnohistory, development of social complexity, culture contact. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

ROPER, Clyde F.E., Research Zoologist Emeritus, Curator of Mollusks. Adjunct Lecturer in Biological Sciences, George Washington University. Adjunct Professor, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Miami. Adjunct Scientist, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL.. B.A. (1959) Transylvania University; M.S. (1962), Ph.D. (1967) Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Miami. Research specialties: systematics, zoogeography, development, behavior, resource evaluation, and ecology of cephalopods, worldwide, the deep sea. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

RUETZLER, Klaus, Research Biologist, Head, Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program (CCRE). Matura (1955) Realgymnasium, Vienna; Ph.D. (1963) University of Vienna. Research specialties: systematics and biology of sponges; marine ecology, especially of Caribbean coral reefs and mangroves. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Invertebrate Zoology Section.

SAMPER, Cristian, Director. B.S. (1987) Universidad de los Andes; M.A. (1989),Ph.D.(1992) Harvard University. Research specialties: Tropical forest ecology. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

SCHERER, Joanna Cohan, Anthropologist/Illustrations Researcher, Handbook of North American Indians Project. B.A. (1963) Syracuse University; M.A. (1968) Hunter College, City University of New York. Research specialties: visual anthropology and North America; still photographs of Native Americans. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

SCHULTZ, Ted R., Curator of Hymenoptera. B.A. (1988) University of California, Berkeley; Ph.D. (1995) Cornell University. Research specialties: Evolution and systematics of ants, especially the fungus-growing ants (tribe Attini, subfamily Myrmicinae), utilizing both morphological and molecular characters; historical ecology and evolution of the fungus-growing behavior; theory and method of phylogenetic analysis. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

SHETLER, Stanwyn G., Curator Emeritus, Botany. B.A. (1955), M.S. (1958) Cornell University; Ph.D. (1979) University of Michigan. Research specialties: taxonomy and ecology of Campanula; flora and vegetation of the Central Atlantic region and the Arctic, especially Alaska; Flora of the Washington-Baltimore Area. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

SIMKIN, Tom, Geologist Emeritus. B.A. (1955) Swarthmore College; M.S. (1960), Ph.D. (1965) Princeton University. Research specialties: global volcanism, calderas, and magma dynamics; geology of the Galapagos Islands and the Scottish Tertiary Province. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

SKOG, Laurence E., Research Scientist Emeritus. B.A. (1965) University of Minnesota; M.S. (1968) University of Connecticut; Ph.D. (1972) Cornell University. Research specialties: systematics of wild and cultivated Neotropical Gesneriaceae; Neotropical flora, especially flora of the Guianas; Flora of China. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

SMITH, Bruce D., Curator, North American Archaeology; Senior Scientist; Head, Archaeobiology Program. B.A. (1968), M.A. (1971), Ph.D. (1973) University of Michigan. Research specialties: The origins of agriculture; plant and animal domestication; archaeology of North America; and the development of ranked societies. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

SORENSEN, Sorena S., Geologist. B.A. (1978), Pomona College; Ph.D. (1984) University of California, Los Angeles. Research specialties: metamorphic petrology; major, minor, and trace element geochemistry of metamorphic and igneous rocks; field studies of metasomatic fluid/rock interactions; petrotectonic evolution of high P/T and arc-related metamorphic terranes. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

SPRINGER, Victor G., Curator of Fishes. B.A. (1948) Emory University; M.S. (1954) University of Miami; Ph.D. (1957) University of Texas. Research specialties: systematics, zoogeography, life history, and ecology of tropical marine shore fishes. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Fishes Division.

STANFORD, Dennis J., Curator, Paleo-Indian Archaeology. B.A. (1965) University of Wyoming; Ph.D. (1972) University of New Mexico. Paleo-Indian Program. Research specialties: archaeology of Paleo-Indians, especially in Western Sectioned States; Alaska paleontology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

STANLEY, Daniel J., Senior Geological Oceanographer and Curator of Sedimentology. B.Sc. (1956) Cornell University; M.S. (1958) Brown University; D.Sc. (1961) Grenoble University; Post-Doctoral (1964) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Research specialties: sedimentology and marine geology of deltas; also of continental shelf, slope, and basin sediments and ancient deep-sea deposits in the modern and ancient record; and geoarcheology of coastal sites. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

STRONG, Ellen. Research Zoologist, Curator of Mollusks. B.A. (Honors) (1991) University of California, Berkeley; Ph.D. (2000) George Washington University. Research specialties: Phylogeny of caenogastropods using morphological and molecular data. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

STURTEVANT, William C., Curator, North American Ethnology. B.A. (1949) University of California, Berkeley; Ph.D. (1955) Yale University. Research specialties: ethnology with area emphasis on eastern North American Indians (especially Seminole and Iroquois), sixteenth-century West Indies, and topical emphasis on ethnohistory, history of anthropology and of ethnographic illustration,stereotyping, art and material culture, ethnoscience, linguistics and ethnobotany. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

SUES, Hans-Dieter, Associate Director for Research and Collections. Cand. geol. (1975), Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet; M.S. (1977), University of Alberta; A.M. (1978), Ph.D. (1984), Harvard University. Research specialties: evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of late Paleozoic and Mesozoic non-mammalian tetrapods; evolution of terrestrial ecosystems.

TAYLOR, Paul Michael, Head, Asian Cultural History Program (and) Curator, Asia European Near Eastern Ethnology. B.A. (1975) University of California; M.Phil. (1977), Ph.D. (1980) Yale University. Research specialties: cultural anthropology and linguistics of Southeast Asia; ethnobiology; kinship and social organization; art and material culture; ecological anthropology; ethnography and languages of Indonesia, especially Maluku and Irian Jaya; virtual museums. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

THORINGTON, JR., Richard W., Curator of Mammals. B.A. (1959) Princeton University; M.A. (1963), Ph.D. (1964) Harvard University. Research specialties: systematics, ecology, and anatomy of squirrels and New World monkeys; studies of form and function; allometry and morphometrics; flying squirrel project. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Mammals Division.

TUNBERG, Bjorn G., Marine Ecologist, B.S. (1978) University of Stockholm, Sweden; M.S. (1980) University of Bergen, Norway; Ph.D. (1984) University of Göteborg, Sweden. Research Specialties: Biomonitoring techniques, effects of trawling, dredging and coastal structures, impacts of climatic change and oscillations on marine communities, benthic impacts of sewage discharges, salt marsh restoration techniques, ecosystem trophodynamics, crustacean population ecology, mangrove systems.

TYLER, James C., Senior Scientist. B.A. (1957) George Washington University; Ph.D. (1962) Stanford University. Research specialties: systematic ichthyology, especially of the fishes of the Order Tetraodontiformes; Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

UBELAKER, Douglas H., Curator, Physical Anthropology. B.A. (1968), Ph.D. (1973) University of Kansas. Research specialties: New World human skeletal biology; and forensic anthropology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

VAN BEEK, Gus W., Curator, Old World Archaeology. B.A. (1943) University of Tulsa; B.D. (1945) McCormick Theological Seminary; Ph.D. (1953) Johns Hopkins University. Research specialties: Near Eastern archaeology of the historical periods (ca. 3000 B.C. - A.D. 200), chiefly in Arabia, the Levant; methodology, demography, all cultural artifacts; ancient and contemporary vernacular earthen architecture. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

VARI, Richard P., Curator of Fishes. B.A. (1971) New York University; Ph.D. (1976) City University of New York. Research specialties: systematics, evolution, and zoogeography of South American and African freshwater fishes. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Fishes Division.

VICENZI, Edward, Supervisory Research Geochemist. B.Sc. (1982) McGill University; M.S. (1985) University of Oregon; Ph.D. (1991) Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Research specialties: microchemical studies of minerals and glasses. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

WAGNER, Warren L., Curator, Botany. B.A. (1973), M.S. (1977) University of New Mexico; Ph.D. (1981) Washington University. Research specialties: Pacific Basin angiosperm floristics, systematics, phylogeny and biogeography; systematics and evolution of Oenothera (Onagraceae); phylogeny of Caryophyllaceae; Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

WALLER, Thomas R., Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Cenozoic Mollusks. B.A. (1959), M.S. (1961) University of Wisconsin; Ph.D. (1966) Columbia University. Research specialties: Marine bivalvia, particularly evolution throughout the Phanerozoic, morphology, shell ultrastructure, larval development, biogeography, and biostratigraphy; monographic studies of living scallops and their Mesozoic and Cenozoic fossil record. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

WALSH, Jane M., Museum Specialist. B.A. (1968), M.A. (1971) University of the Americas, Ph.D. (1993) Catholic University of America. Research specialties: Mesoamerican archaeology, central valley and Maya region; California and Northwest coast ethnographic collections; U.S. Exploring Expedition collections; Oceanic collections. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

WASSHAUSEN, Dieter C., Curator Emeritus, Botany. B.A. (1963), M.S. (1966), Ph.D. (1972) George Washington University. Research specialties: taxonomy of Neotropical phanerogams, especially systematics of Acanthaceae, Begoniaceae. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

WEITZMAN, Anna L., Research and Collections Informatics Manager. B.S. (1980) University of Michigan; Ph.D. (1987) Harvard University. Research specialties: informatics, bioinformatics, information systems for museum collections, collections management, systematics and phylogeny of Theaceae, Bonnetiaceae, and related taxa. Science Unit: Administration.

WEITZMAN, Stanley H., Curator of Fishes. B.A. (1951), M.A. (1953) University of California, Berkeley; Ph.D. (1960) Stanford University. Research specialties: systematics, anatomy and phylogeny of fishes; anatomy and evolution of deep-sea stomiiform fishes; anatomy, evolution, and biogeography of South American characiform fishes. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Fishes Division.

WILSON, Don E., Senior Scientist. B.S. (1965) University of Arizona; M.S. (1967), Ph.D. (1970) University of New Mexico. Research specialties: evolutionary biology of mammals, especially bats; Mammal Species of the World Project. Science Unit: Department of Zoology, Vertebrate Zoology Section, Mammals Division.

WEN, Jun. Associate Curator. B.S. (1984) Central China Agricultural University; Ph.D. (1991) Ohio State University. Research specialties: systematics of flowering plants, especially Araliaceae; biogeography of the Northern Hemisphere; biogeography of Asia; economic botany. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

WING, Scott L., Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Paleobotany, Co-director ETE Program. B.A. (1976), Ph.D. (1981) Yale University. Research specialties: paleoecology; angiosperm history and systematics; plant taphonomy; Cenozoic and Mesozoic paleoclimate; fossil plants of the Rocky Mountain region. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

WISE, Michael A., Geologist. B.A. (1979) University of Virginia; Ph.D. (1987) University of Manitoba. Research specialties: mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry of pegmatites; petrogenesis and evolution of pegmatites and pegmatite-generating granites; systematic mineralogy; regional distribution of pegmatites in the Appalachians. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

WOOD, Bernard, Adjunct Senior Scientist, Human Origins Program. B.Sc. (1966); M.B. (1964); Ph.D. (1975) University of London. Research specialties: early hominid evolution, comparative anatomy. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

WURDACK, Kenneth. Associate Curator. B.S. (1990) University of Maryland, College Park; M.S. (1994), Ph.D. (2002) University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Research specialties: systematics and evolution of the Euphorbiaceae. Science Unit: Department of Botany.