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Research Staff
Natural History Research Staff

Last Updated: 15 May 2007


Research Staff Community

There are currently 117 active scientific staff recorded as part of Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. This listing includes research scientists as well as professional and technical staff. A listing of emeritus appointees is maintained separately.

For a listing of Smithsonian Natural History scientific staff sorted by research discipline, including a description of the resources and facilities available, review "Smithsonian Opportunities for Research and Study" (SORS) produced by Smithsonian's Office of Fellowships.

NMNH
Science Staff
Complete NMNH
Scientific Community
Research Associates and Collaborators
Fellows
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ACEVEDO, Pedro, Curator, Botany. B.A. (1977) University of Puerto Rico; Ph.D. (1989) City University of New York. Research specialties: Systematics or Neotropical Sapindaceae, especially of climbing genera of Paullinieae tribe; floristics of the Caribbean Islands (Greater Antilles); taxonomy of climbing plants. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

ADEY, Walter H., Research Scientist, Curator, Crustose Coralline Algae. B.S. (1955) Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Ph.D. (1963) University of Michigan. Research specialties: Algal ecology; Holocene geology as related to coastal ecosystems; microcosm modeling of aquatic systems; systematics and biogeography. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

ARBOLINA, Risa Diemond, Archaeologist (Repatriation). B.A.(1993) Columbia University; Ph.D.(2001) Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX. Research specialties: North American Archaeology; Archaeology of the American Southwest; Prehistoric Farming Strategies; Repatriation. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

ARCHAMBAULT, Joallyn, Head, American Indian Program. B.A. (1970), M.A. (1971), Ph.D. (1984) University of California, Berkeley. Research specialties: North American Indian ethnology with emphasis on the Plains and the Southwest; art and material culture; political clientelism; ethnic group relations; museological history of exhibits as relates to American Indians. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

ARNOLDI, Mary Jo, Curator, African Art and Ethnology. B.F.A. (1970) Bowling Green State University; M.A. (1975) Michigan State University; Ph.D. (1983) Indiana University. Research specialties: African ethnography with emphasis on visual and performing arts; post-colonial public culture, museum history and museology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

BALDWIN, Carole C., Curator of Fishes. B.S. (1981) James Madison University; M.S. (1986) College of Charleston; Ph.D. (1992) College of William and Mary. Research specialties: Diversity and evolution of tropical marine and deep-sea fishes; marine conservation; public communication of science. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes.

BEHRENSMEYER, Anna K., Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology. B.A. (1967) Washington University; M.A. (1968), Ph.D. (1973) Harvard University. Research specialties: Paleoecology of terrestrial environments, especially in the later Cenozoic of Africa and Pakistan, continental sedimentation, vertebrate taphonomy in recent and ancient contexts, taphonomic processes affecting the fossil record in general, human paleoecology, evolution of terrestrial ecosystems Co-director, Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems (E.T.E.) Program. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

BILLECK, William, Program Manager, Repatriation Office. B.A. (1976) Queens College; M.S. (1980) University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Ph.D. (1993) University of Missouri. Research specialties: Repatriation, North American Archaeology, Historic Archaeology, Glass Trade Bead Studies. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

BISHOP, Ronald, Curator, Mexican and Central American Archaeology. B.A. (1965) San Francisco State University; Ph.D. (1975) Southern Illinois University. Research specialties: Archaeology of Meso- and Central America; ancient materials characterization; exchange systems; quantitative methods. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

BLACKMAN, James, Curator, Archaeology. B.A. (1965), M.S. (1971) Miami University (Ohio); Ph.D. (1975) Ohio State University. Research specialties: Archaeological materials characterization; Chemical characterization by INAA; exchange systems; production technology and organization, Old World, Middle East, Spanish Colonial Americas. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

BRADY, Sean Gary, Research Entomologist. B.A. (1990) California Polytechnic University, Pomona; M.A. (1993) California State University, Fullerton; Ph.D. (2002) University of California, Davis. Research specialties: Phylogenetics, systematics, biogeography, and molecular evolution of ants and bees; social insect evolution; theory and methods of phylogenetic analysis. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

BRAUN, Michael J., Research Zoologist. B.A. (1977) Cornell University; Ph.D. (1983) Louisiana State University. Research specialties: Molecular phylogenetics, molecular evolutionary genetics, avian hybridization and speciation, biogeography of Neotropical birds, conservation genetics. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Birds Division.

BURGESS, Laurie E., Associate Chair. B.A. (1985) Pennsylvania State University; M.A. (1999) University of Maryland. Research specialties: North American historical archaeology, glass trade bead studies. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

BURNS, John M., Curator of Lepidoptera. A.B. (1954) Johns Hopkins University; M.A. (1957), Ph.D. (1961) University of California, Berkeley. Research specialties: Evolutionary biology; systematics and population biology of Lepidoptera, chiefly Hesperioidea (skippers) and Papilionoidea; biological poetry. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

BUZAS, Martin A., Senior Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Foraminifera. B.A. (1958) University of Connecticut; M.S. (1960) Brown University; Ph.D. (1963) Yale University. Research specialties: Foraminifera; quantitative ecology-paleoecology; biogeography; evolution. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

CAIRNS, Stephen D., Research Zoologist, Curator of Cnidaria. B.A. (1971) University of New Orleans; M.S. (1973), Ph.D. (1976) University of Miami. Research specialties: Systematics, zoogeography mineralogy, and phylogeny of Neogene to Recent Scleractinia (deep water and reef corals), Octocorallia and Stylasteridae (hydrocorals), worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

CARLETON, Michael D., Curator of Mammals. B.A. (1966) University of Massachusetts; Ph.D. (1979) University of Michigan. Research specialties: Systematics and evolution of muroid rodents. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Mammals Division.

CARRANO, Mathew T., Research Paleobiologist & Curator of Dinosaurs. B.S. (1991) Brown University; M.S. (1995) & Ph.D. (1998) University of Chicago. Research specialties: Large-scale evolutionary patterns within Dinosauria; systematics of basal Theropoda; vertebrate paleoecology of Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems; the dinosaur fossil record. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

CASTRO, Johnathan M., Associate Curator. B.S. (1993) Humboldt State University; Ph.D. (1999) University of Oregon. Research specialties: Volcanology; crystallization history of magma. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

CODDINGTON, Jonathan A., Senior Curator of Arachnida and Myriapoda. B.A. (1975) Yale; M.A. (1978), Ph.D. (1984) Harvard University. Research specialties: Systematics and behavior of spiders; species richness estimation; theory and design of biological inventories. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

COTTRELL, Elizabeth. Associate Curator / Research Geologist. B.S. (1997) Brown University, Ph.D. (2004) Columbia University. Research specialties: Differentiation of planetary bodies, experimental geochemistry and petrology, volcanology. More research links. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

CROWELL, Aron, Alaska Director, Arctic Studies Center/ Anthropologist. M.A. (1988) George Washington University; Ph.D. (1994) University of California, Berkeley. Research specialties: Arctic archaeology and anthropology, museum anthropology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

DAVIS, Donald R., Curator of Lepidoptera. B.A. (1956) University of Kansas; Ph.D. (1962) Cornell University. Research specialties: Systematics and phylogeny of the basal families of Lepidoptera including the superfamilies Tineoidea and Gracillarioidea; biology of leaf-mining and cave-dwelling moths. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

DE QUEIROZ, Kevin, Curator/Research Zoologist. B.S. (1978) University of California, Los Angeles; M.S. (1985) San Diego State University; Ph.D. (1989) University of California, Berkeley. Research specialties: Systematics and evolutionary biology of amphibians and reptiles; principles and methods of systematic biology. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Amphibians and Reptiles Division.

DIMICHELE, William A., Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Paleobotany. B.A. (1974) Drexel University; M.S. (1976), Ph.D. (1979) University of Illinois. Research specialties: Morphology, systematics, and paleoecology of late Paleozoic plants, particularly the structure of late Paleozoic ecosystems and the relationship between long-term ecological and evolutionary patterns. Member, ETE Program. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

DORR, Laurence J., Associate Curator, Botany. B.A. (1976) Washington University; M.A. (1980) University of North Carolina; Ph.D. (1983) University of Texas. Research specialties: Systematics of Malvaceae s.l. (including Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae) and tropical African and Malagasy Ericaceae; flora of the northern Andes; botanical history and bibliography. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

DOVE, Carla, Research Scientist. B.S. (1986) University of Montana; M.S. (1994), Ph.D (1998) George Mason University. Research specialties: Forensic ornithology; researches microscopic variation in downy feather structures and identifies unknown feather samples retrieved from aircraft engines, wildlife cases, prey remains, and anthropological artifacts. Developing a DNA database of sequences to aid in the identification of bird species from minute samples. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Birds Division.

ERWIN, Douglas, Senior Scientist and Curator of Paleozoic Invertebrates. A.B. (1980) Colgate University; Ph.D. (1985) University of California, Santa Barbara. Research specialties: Macroevolution and evolutionary innovations, particularly the Cambrian metazoan radiation and post-extinction biotic recoveries; the Permian mass extinction; and evolutionary history and systematics of Cambrian-Triassic gastropods. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

ERWIN, Terry L., Curator of Coleoptera. B.A. (1964), M.A. (1966) San Jose State College; Ph.D. (1969) University of Alberta. Research specialties: Research specialties: Evolution, systematics, natural history, and zoogeography of world ground beetles (Carabidae); ecologic aspects of Neotropical forest canopy insects and their allies, conservation of tropical forests. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

FADEN, Robert B., Associate Curator, Botany. B.A. (1962) City College of New York; M.S. (1964) University of Michigan; Ph.D. (1975) Washington University. Research specialties: Systematics of Commelinaceae (worldwide); systematic anatomy; African floristics and biogeography; reproductive biology of angiosperms; pteridophytes. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

FAUCHALD, Kristian, Research Zoologist, Curator of Worms. Cand. Mag. (1959) Cand. Real. (1961) University of Bergen; Ph.D. (1969) University of Southern California. Research specialties: Systematics, anatomy, morphology, biogeography and phylogeny of marine polychaete worms, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

FAUST, Maria A., Research Microbiologist. B.A. (1951) Agricultural University of Budapest, Hungary; M.S. (1962) Rutgers State University; Ph.D. (1970) University of Maryland. Research specialties: Morphology, geography, ecology, biodiversity, life history and cytology of harmful and non-harmful dinoflagellate microalgae in shallow-water tropical, marine waters including coral reefs and mangroves. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

FERRARI, Frank D., Research Zoologist, Curator of Crustacea. B.S. (1967) Hobart College; M.A. (1969) Boston University; Ph.D. (1973) Texas A&M University. Research specialties: Systematics and ecology of copepods; development of crustaceans. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

FITZHUGH, William W., Curator, North American Archaeology; Head, Arctic Studies Center. B.A. (1964) Dartmouth College; M.A. (1967), Ph.D. (1970) Harvard University. Research specialties: Prehistory of eastern Canada and northeastern United States; circumpolar ethnology and archaeology; Arctic material culture; Arctic social science policy; cultural ecology of the North; ethnographic and prehistoric maritime adaptations; culture and climatology; European-Native contacts and transformations. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

FLEISCHER, Robert, Evolutionary Biologist. B.A. (1978) University of California, Santa Barbara: Ph.D. (1983) University of Kansas. Research specialties: Evolutionary biology, systematics, ornithology, conservation biology, population genetics, molecular ecology, mammalogy. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Genetics Lab.

FROHLICH, Bruno, Statistician, Physical Anthropology. B.A. (1973) University of Copenhagen; M.S. (1976), Ph.D. (1979) University of Connecticut. Research specialties: Middle East, Central Asia, Sub-Arctic, New England. Skeletal biology, forensic sciences and medicine, remote sensing, medical imaging (CT), GIS, GPS, surveying, non-destructive analytical methods. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

FUNK, Vicki A., Senior Research Botanist and Head, Biological Diversity of the Guianas (BDG) Program. B.S. (1969), M.S. (1975) Murray State University; Ph.D. (1980) Ohio State University. Research specialties: Systematics of the Compositae, theoretical cladistics and biogeography, and methods for estimating biodiversity. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

FURTH, David George, Collections Manager. B. A (1967) Miami University; M. S. (1969) Ohio State University; Ph.D. (1976) Cornell University. Research specialties: Systematics and biology of Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae), especially Flea Beetles (Alticinae). Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

GRAVES, Gary R., Curator of Birds. B.A. (1976) University of Arkansas, Little Rock; M.S. (1980) Louisiana State University; Ph.D. (1983) Florida State University. Research specialties: Evolution, biogeography, and ecology of Neotropical birds, especially Andean taxa. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Birds Division.

GREENE, Candace S., Ethnologist. B.A. (1971) University of Texas; M.A. (1976) Brown University, Ph.D. (1985) University of Oklahoma. Research specialties: Native North American art, material culture, and ethnology, especially Plains Indian drawings; museum anthropology; issues in collection-based research. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

HALL, Jason P., Research Scientist. B.A. (1993), M.A. (1993) Oxford University; Ph.D. (1999) University of Florida. Research specialties: Evolution, systematics, phylogenetics, biogeography, ecology and conservation of butterflies, particularly those from the Neotropics and those belonging to the family Riodinidae. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

HARASEWYCH, M.G., Research Zoologist, Curator of Mollusks. B.A. (1972) Drexel University; M.S. (1978), Ph.D. (1982) University of Delaware. Research specialties: Systematics, molecular evolution, biogeography and population genetics of gastropod mollusks, worldwide; Deep-sea Mollusca; Cerion, Pleurotomariidae, Neogastropoda. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

HERSHLER, Robert, Research Zoologist, Curator of Mollusks. B.A. (1975) State University of New York, Stony Brook; M.A. (1980), Ph.D. (1983) Johns Hopkins University. Research specialties: Systematics, phylogenetics, biogeography, and ecology of non-marine mollusks, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

HEYER, W. Ronald, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles. B.A. (1963) Pacific Lutheran University; M.A. (1965), Ph.D. (1968) University of Southern California. Research specialties: Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of Neotropical amphibians. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Amphibians and Reptiles Division.

HOLLINGER, Ronald, Archaeologist (Repatriation). B.A. (1990), M.A. (1993) University of Missouri-Columbia. Research specialties: North American archaeology, Great Plains, Midwest, Great Lakes, portable art, lithics, prehistoric conflict, residence patterns, archaeological taxonomy, paleoethnobotany, repatriation. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

HOMIAK, John P., Head, Anthropology Collections & Archives Program. B.A. (1969) Franklin and Marshall College; M.A. (1975) U.S. International University; Ph.D. (1985) Brandeis University. Research specialties: Caribbean ethnology, Diaspora Studies, Rastafari, Visual Anthropology and Ethnographic Film. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

HOUCHINS, Chang-Su, Museum Specialist, Asian Ethnology. Diploma (1944) Japan Women's University; B.A. (1950) MacMurray College; M.A. (1953) University of Washington. Research specialties: Northeast Asian cultural orientation with area emphasis on Japan and Korea, and topical emphasis on folk art, especially motifs and symbolism; preindustrial material culture; ethnohistory; and museum collection histories. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

HUBER, Brian T., Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Foraminifera. B.Sc. (1981) University of Akron; M.Sc. (1984), Ph.D. (1988) The Ohio State University. Research specialties: Cretaceous climate and oceanography; biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of Cretaceous and Paleogene foraminifera; evolution and extinction dynamics of Cretaceous and Paleogene planktonic foraminifera; Cretaceous strontium and light stable isotope isotope stratigraphy. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

HUNT, David R., Physical Anthropology Collections Manager. B.A. (1980), B.A.(1980) University of Illinois; M.A. (1983), Ph.D. (1989) University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Research specialties: Human variation, skeletal biology, forensic anthropology, human mummies of the world, dermatoglyphics. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

HUNT, Eugene (Gene), Curator of Ostracoda. B.S. (1995) Duke University; M.S. (1999) University of Chicago; Ph.D. (2003) University of Chicago. Research specialties: Deep-sea Ostracoda; macroevolution; quantitative approaches in paleontology. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

JAMES, Helen F., Museum Specialist. B.A. (1977) University of Arkansas; D.Phil. (2000) Oxford University. Research specialties: Anatomy and systematics of birds; paleoecology and biogeography of island avifaunas. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Birds Division.

JOHNSON, G. David, Curator of Fishes. B.S. (1967) University of Texas, Austin; Ph.D. (1977) Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Research specialties: Systematics, comparative anatomy, ontogeny, phylogeny, and early life history of fishes, particularly acanthomorphs. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes.

KAEPPLER, Adrienne L., Curator, Oceanic Ethnology. B.A. (1959), M.A. (1961), Ph.D. (1967) University of Hawaii. Research specialties: Social anthropology, material culture, art, ethnohistory, ethnoscience of Polynesia and Micronesia, and aesthetics and systems of knowledge. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

KELLOFF, Carol L., Assistant Head, Biological Diversity of the Guianas. B.S. (1986) Elmira College, M.S. (1989) George Mason University, Ph.D. (2002) George Mason University. Research specialties: systematic studies of ferns; biodiversity of the Guianas. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

KNAPP, Leslie W., Marine Biologist Emeritus. B.S. (1952) Cornell University; M.A.(1958)University of Missouri; Ph.D. (1964) Cornell University. Research specialties: Systematics of North American Percidae and the marine fish family Platycephalidae. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes.

KORNICKER, Louis S., Research Zoologist, Curator of Crustacea. B.S. (1941), B.S.Ch.E. (1942) University of Alabama; M.A. (1954), Ph.D. (1957) Columbia University. Research specialties: Systematics, zoogeography, and ecology of ostracode crustaceans, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

KRESS, W. John., Curator, Botany. B.A. (1975) Harvard University; Ph.D. (1981) Duke University. Research specialties: Systematics of flowering plants, especially tropical monocotyledons with focus on gingers, bananas, and heliconias (Zingiberales), including floral and pollination biology, allozyme and molecular variation, and phylogenetic relationships; generic concepts in the Zingiberales; the flora of Myanmar (Burma) and Asian botany; field tools of the future (e.g., DNA barcoding, digital imaging for field guides; genetic diversity and speciation in tropical angiosperms; conservation biology, including forest fragmentation, gene flow, and genetic variation in tropical and temperate plant species; using museum collections and data for assessing conservation priorities. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

KRUPNICK, Gary, Head, Plant Conservation Unit. B.A. (1990) University of California, San Diego; PhD (1996) University of California, Irvine. Research specialties: Plant Conservation Biology. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

KRUPNIK, Igor I., Curator, Circumpolar Ethnology. M.A. (1973) University of Moscow, Moscow, Russia; Ph.D. (1977) Institute of Ethnography, Moscow; Ph.D. (1990) Institute of Ecology and Morphology, Moscow. Research specialties: Arctic ethnology, indigenous knowledge, social systems, modern cultures; Arctic environment and climate change; cultural heritage and heritage preservation; history of Arctic/North Pacific ethnological research. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

LABANDEIRA, Conrad, Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Fossil Arthropods. B.A. (1980) California State University, Fresno; M.S. (1986) University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Ph.D. (1990) University of Chicago. Research specialties: Interactions between plants and insects in the fossil record; terrestrial fossil arthropods, particularly insects; evolution of insect mouthparts; member ETE Program. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

LEMAITRE, Rafael, Research Zoologist, Curator of Crustacea. B.A. (1977) Universidad J. Tadeo Lozano; M.S. (1981) Florida International University; Ph.D. (1986) University of Miami. Research specialties: Systematics, biology, and zoogeography of decapod crustaceans, especially hermit crabs, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

LEOPOLD, Robert, Director, National Anthropological Archives and Human Studies Film Archives. B.A. (1979) State University of New York, Binghamton; M.A. (1984), Ph.D. (1991) Indiana University. Research specialties: African ethnology; history of anthropology; online exhibits; digital imaging. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

LIPPERT, Dorothy, Archaeologist (Repatriation). B.A. (1989) Rice University; M.A. (1993), Ph.D. (1997) University of Texas, Austin. Research specialties: Contemporary Native American issues, Native American tribes of the southeastern United States, bioarchaeology, indigenous medical theory. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

LITTLER, Mark M., Senior Scientist, Botany. B.A. (1961), M.S. (1966) Ohio University; Ph.D. (1971) University of Hawaii. Research specialties: Relative dominance theory, functional morphology and complex ecological interactions in coral reef systems. Other research can be categorized under the following headings: monographic/phylogenetic systematics; seaweed experimental taxonomy; causes o f variability in biodiversity, standing stocks, productivity and evolution of tropical marine ecosystems. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

LORING, Stephen, Museum Anthropologist, Arctic Studies Center. B.A. (1973) Goddard College; M.A. (1984), Ph.D. (1991) University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Research specialties: Arctic and sub-Arctic ethnohistory and archaeology; Labrador; public policy in the circumpolar north; Repatriation Philosophy, community archaeology, indigenous property rights. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

MACINTYRE, Ian G., Research Geologist. B.Sc. (1957) Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Ph.D. (1967) McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Research specialties: Carbonate petrography; geological aspects of tropical coral-reef ecosystems; Holocene reef history in the western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific; shallow-water marine geology of the U.S. continental shelf; problems in submarine cementation. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

MACPHERSON, Glenn J., Geologist. B.S. (1972) University of California, Santa Cruz; Ph.D. (1981) Princeton University. Research specialties: Isotopic and petrologic studies of chondrite meteorites and their bearing on the earliest history of the solar system; petrologic studies of ancient volcanic rocks (ophiolites). Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

MALDONADO, Jesus, Research Geneticist. B.S. (1983); M.S. (1985) Shippensburg University; Ph.D. (2001) University of California, Los Angeles. Research specialties: Systematics and evolution of mammals, conservation genetics, molecular ecology.

MATHIS, Wayne N., Curator of Diptera. B.A. (1969) Brigham Young University; Ph.D. (1976) Oregon State University. Research specialties: Systematics, biology, and zoogeography of Canacidae, Tethrnidae, and Ephydroidea, with special emphasis on Ephydridae. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

MCCOY, Timothy J., Geologist, Associate Curator. B.S. (1986) Eastern Illinois University; M.S. (1990) University of New Mexico; Ph.D. (1994) University of Hawaii, Manoa. Research specialties: Meteorites, igneous evolution of small bodies in the early solar system, martian volcanological history derived from meteorites. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

MEAD, James G., Curator of Mammals. B.A. (1965) Yale College; M.A. (1972) University of Texas; Ph.D. (1972) University of Chicago. Research specialties: Evolution and interrelationship of cetaceans; functional anatomy, distribution, and biology of cetaceans in the western and northern Atlantic. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Mammals Division.

MEGGERS, Betty J., Head, Latin American Archeology Program. B.A. (1943) University of Pennsylvania; M.A. (1944) University of Michigan; Ph.D. (1952) Columbia University. Research specialties: Archeology of Amazonia and Ecuador, transpacific contact, cultural ecology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

MERRILL, William L., Curator, North American Ethnology. B.A. (1972) University of North Carolina; M.A. (1975), Ph.D. (1981) University of Michigan. Research specialties: Ethnology with an emphasis on world view, religion, ethnobiology and ethnohistory of North American Indians, particularly Indian groups of western North America and the relationships between material and nonmaterial aspects of culture. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

MILLER, Scott E., Research Entomologist. B.A. University of California, Santa Barbara; Ph.D. Harvard University. Research specialties: Systematics of Lepidoptera (moths); biogeography of Pacific Basin, New Guinea, and Africa; plant-insect community ecology. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

NORENBURG, Jon, Research Zoologist, Curator of Worms. B.A. (1973), M.S. (1976) Acadia University; Ph.D. (1983) Northeastern University. Research specialties: Morphological and molecular phylogeny, phylogeography, biogeography and functional anatomy of nemertean worms, worldwide; biology and zoogeography of soft-bodied marine interstitial fauna, worldwide. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

NORRIS, James N., Research Scientist and Curator, Botany. B.A. (1968) San Francisco State College; M.A. (1971) San Francisco State University; Ph.D. (1975) University of California, Santa Barbara. Research specialties: Systematics, chemotaxonomy, and ecology of benthic marine algae, especially tropical and subtropical species. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

OLSON, Storrs L., Curator of Birds. B.A. (1966), M.S. (1968) Florida State University; Sc.D. (1972) Johns Hopkins University. Research specialties: Paleontology and systematics of birds, with emphasis on island avifaunas, evolution of seabirds, and neotropical biogeography. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Birds Division.

ORTNER, Donald J., Curator, Physical Anthropology. B.A. (1960) Columbia Union College; M.A. (1967) Syracuse University; Ph.D. (1970) University of Kansas; D.Sc. (Honorary) (1995) University of Bradford, U.K.. Research specialties: Biological anthropology; human biocultural adaptation; paleopathology; microevolution; health and disease in Medieval England; calcified tissue biology; Middle Eastern skeletal biology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

OUSLEY, Stephen, Anthropologist (Repatriation). B.A. (1985) University of Maryland, College Park; M.A. (1993), Ph.D. (1997) University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Research specialties: Skeletal biology, metric and non-metric skeletal variation, forensic anthropology, three-dimensional morphometrics, computer programming. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

OWSLEY, Douglas W., Curator, Physical Anthropology. B.A. (1973) University of Wyoming; M.A. (1975), Ph.D. (1978) University of Tennessee. Research specialties: Skeletal biology; forensic anthropology; historic populations in North America; North American Plains Indians; Polynesia. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

PARENTI, Lynne R., Curator of Fishes. B.A. (1975) State University of New York, Stony Brook; Ph.D. (1980) City University of New York. Research specialties: Systematics and biogeography of Indo-Pacific and Caribbean freshwater and coastal fishes, in particular atherinomorph and gobioid fishes; theory and methods of historical biogeography; reproductive and nerve characters in fish systematics. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes.

PAUL, Valerie J., Head Scientist, Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. B.A. (1979), Ph.D. (1985) University of California, San Diego. Research specialties: Marine chemical ecology, marine plant-herbivore interactions, coral reef ecology, and marine natural products.

PAWSON, David L., Senior Scientist. B.A. (1960), M.S. (1961), Ph.D. (1964) Victoria University, New Zealand. Research specialties: Systematics and ecology of echinoderms, especially sea cucumbers and sea urchins, worldwide; reproductive biology; hybridization. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

PEREZ-GELABERT, Daniel E., Information Technology Specialist. B.S. (1988) Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo; M.S. (1991) University of Rochester, NY; Ph.D. (1994) The University of Chicago. Research specialties: Systematics, biogeography and faunistics of West Indian Orthopteroid insects, with emphasis on Caelifera (short antennae) grasshoppers. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

PETERSON, Paul M., Curator of Grasses. B.A. (1977) Humboldt State University; M.S. (1984) University of Nevada; Ph.D. (1988) Washington State University. Research specialties: Systematics and floristics of New World grasses; phylogeny of the grass family. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

PIPERNO, Dolores R., Curator, South American Archaeology, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, and Staff Scientist, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. B.A. (1971) Rutgers University; M.A. (1979), PhD (1983) Temple University. Research specialties: Tropical archaeology, archaeobotany, and paleoecology; agricultural origins; prehistoric human ecology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

POST, Jeffrey E., Mineralogist; Curator, gems and minerals. B.S. (1976) University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Ph.D. (1981) Arizona State University. Research specialties: Environmental mineralogy, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction; electron microscopy; manganese oxide minerals; clay minerals; computer modeling of mineral structures, rietveld analysis. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

POTTS, Richard, Curator, Physical Anthropology; Head, Human Origins Program. B.A. (1975) Temple University; Ph.D. (1982) Harvard University. Research specialties: Paleoecology and evolution of early hominids; excavation and analysis of hominid sites (late Miocene through Pleistocene). Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

ROBBINS, Robert K., Curator of Lepidoptera. B.A. (1969) Brown University; Ph.D. (1978) Tufts University. Research specialties: Systematics of Lycaenidae, evolutionary biology of butterflies, patterns of butterfly diversity. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

ROBINSON, Harold E., Curator, Botany. B.A. (1955) Ohio University; M.S. (1957) University of Tennessee; Ph.D. (1960) Duke University. Research specialties: Taxonomy of Bryophyta, with emphasis on exotic forms and Neotropical species, taxonomy and anatomy of Compositae. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

ROGERS, J. Daniel, Curator, North American Archaeology. B.A. (1976); M.A. (1982) University of Oklahoma; Ph.D. (1987) University of Chicago. Research specialties: Great Plains, Southeastern U.S., Mexico, Mongolia archaeology and ethnohistory, development of empires, culture contact. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

RUETZLER, Klaus, Research Biologist, Head, Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program (CCRE). Matura (1955) Realgymnasium, Vienna; Ph.D. (1963) University of Vienna. Research specialties: Systematics and biology of sponges; marine ecology, especially of Caribbean coral reefs and mangroves. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

SAMPER, Cristian K., Director. B.S. (1987) Universidad de los Andes; M.A. (1989),Ph.D.(1992) Harvard University. Research specialties: Tropical forest ecology. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

SCHERER, Joanna Cohan, Emeritus Anthropologist. B.A. (1963) Syracuse University; M.A. (1968) Hunter College, City University of New York. Research specialties: Visual anthropology and North America; still photographs of Native Americans. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

SCHULTZ, Ted R., Chairman, Department of Entomology and Curator of Hymenoptera. B.A. (1988) University of California, Berkeley; Ph.D. (1995) Cornell University. Research specialties: Evolution and systematics of ants, especially the fungus-growing ants (tribe Attini, subfamily Myrmicinae), utilizing both morphological and molecular characters; historical ecology and evolution of the fungus-growing behavior; theory and method of phylogenetic analysis. Science Unit: Department of Entomology.

SMITH, Bruce D., Curator, North American Archaeology; Senior Scientist; Head, Archaeobiology Program. B.A. (1968), M.A. (1971), Ph.D. (1973) University of Michigan. Research specialties: Origins of agriculture; plant and animal domestication; archaeology of North America; and the development of ranked societies. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

SORENSEN, Sorena S., Geologist. B.A. (1978), Pomona College; Ph.D. (1984) University of California, Los Angeles. Research specialties: Metamorphic petrology; major, minor, and trace element geochemistry of metamorphic and igneous rocks; field studies of metasomatic fluid/rock interactions; petrotectonic evolution of high P/T and arc-related metamorphic terranes. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

STANFORD, Dennis J., Curator, Paleo-Indian Archaeology. B.A. (1965) University of Wyoming; Ph.D. (1972) University of New Mexico. Research specialties: Paleo-Indian paleo-ecology and New World origins, circumpolar Paleolithic archaeology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

STANLEY, Jean-Daniel, Senior Scientist and Head, Geoarchaeology Program. B.Sc. (1956) Cornell University; M.S. (1958) Brown University; D.Sc.(1961) Ecole Nationale Superieure du Petrole and Universite de Grenoble, France. Research specialties: Coastal and delta sedimentology and geoarchaeology; ancient submerged sites in the Mediterranean. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

STRONG, Ellen, Research Zoologist, Curator of Mollusks. B.A. (Honors) (1991) University of California, Berkeley; Ph.D. (2000) The George Washington University. Research specialties: Phylogeny and systematics of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca) based on morphological and molecular data; diversification of gastropods (Cerithioidea) in ancient lakes. Science Unit: Department of Invertebrate Zoology.

SUES, Hans-Dieter, Associate Director for Research and Collections. Cand. geol. (1975), Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet; M.S. (1977), University of Alberta; A.M. (1978), Ph.D. (1984), Harvard University. Research specialties: evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of late Paleozoic and Mesozoic non-mammalian tetrapods; evolution of terrestrial ecosystems.

TAYLOR, Paul Michael, Head, Asian Cultural History Program, Curator, Asian, Near Eastern, European Ethnology. B.A. (1975) University of California; M.Phil. (1977), Ph.D. (1980) Yale University. Research specialties: Cultural anthropology and linguistics of Southeast Asia; ethnobiology; kinship and social organization; art and material culture; ecological anthropology; ethnography and languages of Indonesia, especially Maluku and Irian Jaya; digital museums. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

THORINGTON, JR., Richard W., Curator of Mammals. B.A. (1959) Princeton University; M.A. (1963), Ph.D. (1964) Harvard University. Research specialties: Systematics, ecology, and anatomy of squirrels and New World monkeys; studies of form and function; allometry and morphometrics. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Mammals Division.

TOUWAIDE, Alain, Botanist. B.A. (1975), M.A. (1977) University of Louvain, Belgium; Habilitation a diriger des recherches (1997) University of Toulouse, France; Ph.D. (1981) University of Louvain, Belgium. Research specialties: History of Botany in the ancient Mediterranean cultures (Greece, Rome, the Arabic World, the West, the Renaissance), with special emphasis on medicinal plants; Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology; Plants in ancient life, culture and arts. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

TUNBERG, Bjorn G., Marine Ecologist, B.S. (1978) University of Stockholm, Sweden; M.S. (1980) University of Bergen, Norway; Ph.D. (1984) University of Göteborg, Sweden. Research Specialties: Biomonitoring techniques, effects of trawling, dredging and coastal structures, impacts of climatic change and oscillations on marine communities, benthic impacts of sewage discharges, salt marsh restoration techniques, ecosystem trophodynamics, crustacean population ecology, mangrove systems.

UBELAKER, Douglas H., Curator, Physical Anthropology. B.A. (1968), Ph.D. (1973) University of Kansas. Research specialties: New World human skeletal biology; and forensic anthropology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

VARI, Richard P., Curator of Fishes. B.A. (1971) New York University; Ph.D. (1976) City University of New York. Research specialties: Systematics, evolution, and zoogeography of South American and African characiforms and some South American and Asian siluriforms. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes.

VICENZI, Edward, Supervisory Research Geochemist. B.Sc. (1982) McGill University; M.S. (1985) University of Oregon; Ph.D. (1991) Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Research specialties: Microchemical analysis of Martian meteorite alteration and earth materials related to astrobiological studies. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

WAGNER, Warren L., Curator, Botany. B.A. (1973), M.S. (1977) University of New Mexico; Ph.D. (1981) Washington University. Research specialties: Pacific Basin angiosperm floristics, systematics, phylogeny and biogeography; systematics and evolution of Oenothera (Onagraceae); phylogeny of Caryophyllaceae. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

WALSH, Jane M., Museum Specialist, MesoAmerican Archaeology. B.A. (1968), M.A. (1971) University of the Americas, Ph.D. (1993) Catholic University of America. Research specialties: Mesoamerican archaeology and ethnohistory, in particular the contact period in the central Valley of Mexico. 19th century Mexican archaeological and ethnographic collections; U.S. Exploring Expedition collections. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

WEN, Jun, Associate Curator. B.S. (1984) Central China Agricultural University; Ph.D. (1991) Ohio State University. Research specialties: Systematics of flowering plants, especially Araliaceae; biogeography of the Northern Hemisphere; biogeography of Asia; economic botany. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

WILSON, Don E., Senior Scientist. B.S. (1965) University of Arizona; M.S. (1967), Ph.D. (1970) University of New Mexico. Research specialties: Evolutionary biology of mammals, especially bats; Mammal Species of the world. Science Unit: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Mammals Division.

WING, Scott L., Research Paleobiologist and Curator of Paleobotany, Co-Head ETE Program. B.A. (1976), Ph.D. (1981) Yale University. Research specialties: Paleoecology; Cenozoic and Mesozoic paleoclimate; angiosperm history and systematics; fossil plants of the Rocky Mountain region; plant taphonomy. Science Unit: Department of Paleobiology.

WISE, Michael A., Geologist. B.A. (1979) University of Virginia; Ph.D. (1987) University of Manitoba. Research specialties: Mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry of pegmatites; petrogenesis and evolution of pegmatites and pegmatite-generating granites; systematic mineralogy; regional distribution of pegmatites in the Appalachians. Science Unit: Department of Mineral Sciences.

WOOD, Bernard, Adjunct Senior Scientist, Human Origins Program. B.Sc. (1966); M.B. (1964); Ph.D. (1975) University of London. Research specialties: early hominid evolution, comparative anatomy. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

WURDACK, Kenneth, Associate Curator. B.S. (1990) University of Maryland, College Park; M.S. (1994), Ph.D. (2002) University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Research specialties: Systematics and evolution of the Euphorbiaceae. Science Unit: Department of Botany.

ZEDER, Melinda A., Curator, Archeaobiology Program. A.B. (1975), M.A. (1978), Ph.D. (1985) University of Michigan. Research specialties: Animal domestication; origins of food production, environmental impact of early agro-pastoral economies in the Near East, subsistence resources in emerging complex societies, Near Eastern archaeology, zooarchaeology. Science Unit: Department of Anthropology.

ZIMMER, Elizabeth Anne, Principal Investigator, Laboratories of Analytical Biology; Curator, Botany. B.A. (1973) Cornell University; Ph.D. (1981) University of California, Berkeley. Research specialties: Molecular systematics of flowering plants; development of molecular markers across a range of species divergence. Science Unit: Department of Botany.


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