RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL LITERATURE, No. 82

Sponsored by the American Ornithologists' Union, the British Ornithologists' Union, and Birds Australia

August 25, 2001

CONTENTS

(NOTE: Primary subject codes not found in this issue are followed with an asterisk: *)

Acknowledgments: Denis Abbott, Alex Baynes, Peter H. Becker, Bharat Bhushan, I. Lehr Brisbin, Jr., Michael G. Brooker, Peter W.P. Brown, Michelle T. Christy, Roger B. Clapp, Adrian J.F.K. Craig, Will Cresswell, Geoffrey W.H. Davison, James J. Dinsmore, Jerald J. Dosch, Robert J. Dowsett, Victoria M. Dziadosz, Kevin J Eddings, Ian D. Endersby, David E. Fatina, Alix D. Fink, Jon S. Greenlaw, Paul A. Grindrod, Paul D. Hess, William P. Johnson, Richard F. Johnston, Guy M. Kirwan, Thomas Knight, Peter C. Lack, Anthony L. Lang, Peter S. Lansley, Michael A. Larson, Steven C. Latta, Gina Crowder Levesque, Andy Mack, Shigeru Matsuoka, Martin K. McNicholl, Ed O. Minot, Hisashi Nagata, J. Brent Ortego, Harvey D. Perkins, John M. Peter, James R. Philips, Jan K. Pinowski, Eloise F. Potter, James D. Rising, Ian C. Rowley, Jay M. Sheppard, Robert E. Simmons, Neville J. Skinner, Will K. Steele, John L. Trapp, Keisuke Ueda , Mutsuyuki J. Ueta, Susan K. Willson, and April A. Woodward.

{B010} International Hawkwatcher is a new journal devoted to original raptor research. One to two volumes per year are planned featuring articles on the biology and ecology of diurnal and nocturnal raptors. Price is US$12.50 per issue, plus US$7.50 for shipping outside the USA. To order, contact Donald S. Heintzelman, Editor & Publisher, 629 Green St., Allentown, PA 18102, USA; EM: dsh@early.com---P.D.H. {ROL #82}

{B010} Texas Birds. Is a new semi-annual publication that provides articles on avian identification, status and distribution of Texas species, published by the Texas Ornithological Society. The editor is Shannon Davies. The first volume was published in 1999 and contained 11 articles. Price is US$20 per year. To submit manuscripts contact Smdavies@aol.com, and to subscribe contact Texas Ornithological Society, PMB 189, 6338 N. New Braunfels Ave., San Antonio, TX 78209, USA.---J.B.O. {ROL #82}

{B030} Australasian Seabird Bulletin replaces Australasian Seabird Group Newsletter, from issue 36, June 2000.---P.S.L. {ROL #82}

{B030} Physiological & Biochemical Zoology . Renamed bimonthly journal, formerly Physiological Zoology. Gregory Snyder (Ed.), Dept. Environ., Popul. & Organismic Biol., RM N122, Univ. Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; EM: physzoo@spot.colorado.edu. Became effective with volume 72 (1999).---J.S.G. {ROL #82}

{B104} Brouwer, J., W. C. Mullié, & P. Souvairan. 2000. Colour of the downy young and notes on breeding and food of the Grasshopper Buzzard Butastur rufipennis in Niger. Malimbus 22: 34--37. (Brouwer Environ. Agric. Consultancy, Wildekamp 32, 6721 JD Bennekom, The Netherlands; email brouwbar@bos.nl.)---New data from 7 nests over a 30-year period.---P.W.P.B. {D704, D302, B700} {ROL #82}

{B104} De Villiers, D., & R. Simmons. 1997. The high incidence and origin of two-egg clutches in a Damara Tern colony in south western Namibia. Madoqua 19: 111--113. (Min. of Environment & Tourism, Pvt. Bag 13306, Windhoek, Namibia)---In the normally 1 egg/clutch Sterna balaenarum, 33% of nests in a small colony contained two eggs, possibly due to high food resources near major ocean upwellings.---R.E.S. {B710, C918} {ROL #82}

{B104} Herholdt, J. J., & A. C. Kemp. 1997. Breeding status and ecology of the Martial Eagle in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, South Africa. Ostrich 68: 80--85. (Mpumalanga Parks Board, PO Box 1990, Nelspruit, 1200, S. Africa.)---Estimated 20--30 pairs of Polemaetus bellicosus in the park, with no decline over 7 year study. Most pairs nested in consecutive years, fledged on average 0.43 young/pair/year.---A.J.F.K.C. {B700, B904} {ROL #82}

{B104} Kopij, G. 1997. Breeding ecology of the African Spoonbill Platalea alba in the Free State, South Africa. Ostrich 68: 77--79. (Dept. Zoo. & Entomol., Univ. Orange Free State PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, S. Africa.)---Colony of 15 nests monitored in 1976--77. Mean clutch size 2.6 eggs; chicks fledged from 53% of nests. Main food of chicks was frogs and aquatic invertebrates.---A.J.F.K.C. {D302} {ROL #82}

{B104} Nemeth, E., & L. Bennun. 2000. Distribution, habitat selection and behaviour of the East Coast Akalat Sheppardia gunningi sokokensis in Kenya and Tanzania. Bird Conservation International 10: 115--130. (Konrad Lorenz Inst. Comp. Ethol., Savoyenstrasse 1a. 1160 Vienna, Austria; EM: e.nemeth@klivv.oeaw.ac.at)---Patchily distributed, regionally endangered, and little known subspecies dependent on fragmented habitat that is under considerable pressure from humans and, in one area, being degraded by a large elephant population.---K.J.E. {Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Shimba Hills, East Usambara Mountains; C914, B900} {ROL #82}

{B104} Tarboton, W. R., S. Blane, & P. Lloyd. 1999. The biology of the Yellowthroated Sandgrouse Pterocles gutturalis in a South African agricultural landscape. Ostrich 70: 214--219. (PO Box 327, Nylstroom 0510, S. Africa; EM: wtarbotn@iafrica.com)---Formerly nomadic species now a breeding resident, dependent on seeds of weedy plants on fallow lands. Egg-laying Apr--Oct, mean clutch size 2.85, incubation about 26 days. Average annual productivity estimated at 0.42--0.85 young/pair/year.---A.J.F.K.C. {ROL #82}

{B104} Thorstrom, R., & G. LaMarca. 2000. Nesting biology and behavior of the Madagascar Harrier-hawk (Polyboroides radiatus) in northeastern Madagascar. J. Raptor Res. 34: 120--125. (The Peregrine Fund, 566 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709, USA.)---Includes breeding phenology, nest and nest site characteristics, behavior, siblicide, and food habits of a single nesting pair.---P.A.G. {ROL #82}

{B104} Thorstrom, R. 1999. A description of the nests, diet and behaviour of the Banded Kestrel. Ostrich 70: 149--151. (The Peregrine Fund, 566 W. Flying Hawk Ln., Boise, ID 83709, USA.)---2 nests of Falco zoniventris in epiphytic plants in tree forks. Both clutches 3 eggs; 33 prey items at successful nest included reptiles and other vertebrates.---A.J.F.K.C. {D302} {ROL #82}

{B104} Watson, R. T., S. Razafindramanana, R. Thorstrom, & S. Rafanomezantsoa. 1999. Breeding biology, extra-pair birds, productivity, siblicide and conservation of the Madagascar Fish Eagle. Ostrich 70: 105--111. (The Peregrine Fund, 566 W. Flying Hawk Ln., Boise, ID 83709, USA; EM: rwatson@peregrinefund.org)---Haliaeetus vociferoides laid eggs May--July, incubation 37--43 days, nestling period 78---89 days. Clutch size 1 (7), 2 (28); apparently obligate siblicide occurs. Extra-pair birds, perhaps progeny of previous years, at 41 nests.---A.J.F.K.C. {ROL #82}

{B108} Leavesley, A., & M. Leavesley. 2000. Observations of the New Hanover [Papua New Guinea] sub-species of Hunstein's Mannikin Lonchura hunsteini nigerrima. Muruk 8: 73--74. (Dept . Arch. & Anthropol., Aust. Natl. Univ., Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; EM: matthew.leavesley@anu.edu.au)---Describes behaviour and foraging.---I.R. {B308, B302, D306} {ROL #82}

{B108} Russell, E., & I. Rowley. 1998. The effects of fire on a population of Red-winged Fairy-wrens Malurus elegans in Karri forest in southwestern Australia. Pacific Conservation Biology 4: 197--208. (52 Swan St., Guildford, WA 6055, Australia.)---Long-term study from 1980 to 1995 of banded birds enabled effects of intense fire during April 1994 to be assessed. Mean annual population size between 1980 and 1993 was 119 birds in 29 groups; during November 1993, there were 126 birds in 32 groups. In November 1994, following fire, there were still 114 birds in 31 groups. However, nesting material was scarce, breeding was delayed and breeding success declined, which meant that population dropped to 73 birds in 23 groups by November 1995. Long-term demographic data suggest population will take at least ten years to recover. This is longer than the current cycle of 7--9 years between prescribed burns of this habitat.---W.K.S. {C914, C918, C908} {ROL #82}

{B108} Van bael, S., & S. Pruett-Jones. 2000. Breeding biology and social behaviour of the eastern race of the Splendid Fairy-wren Malurus splendens melanotus. Emu 100: 95--108. (Dept. Ecol. Evol., 1101 East 57th St., Univ. Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.)---Results of detailed study of breeding ecology of the little known Black-backed Fairy-wren subspecies, over three breeding seasons.---W.K.S. {B312, B314, B702, B716, C918} {ROL #82}

{B110} Carrascal, L. M., et al. 1998. Interactions among environmental stress, body condition, nutritional status, and dominance in Great Tits. Auk 115: 727--738. (Depto. Ecol. Evolutiva, Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat., CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abacal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; EM: mcnc152@fresno.csic.es)---Parus major. {ROL #82}

{B110} Rêbis, M. 1998. Changes in the number, location, and the elements of the biology of reproduction of the Roller (Coracias garrulus) in the Kozienicka Forest. Kulon 3: 67--73. (Warszawska 32a/18, PL 26 900 Kozienice, Poland.)---Central Poland.---J.K.P. (Polish, English summ.) {C914, C908, C310} {ROL #82}

{B110} Zawadzka, D., & J. Zawadzki. 1998. The Goshawk Accipiter gentilis in Wigry National Park (NE Poland)---numbers, breeding results, diet composition and prey selection. Acta Ornith. 33: 181--190. (25 czerwca 68 b / 15, PL 26 600 Radom, Poland.)---Selective preferences towards Garrulus glandarius, Corvus monedula, Corvus frugilegus, Turdus sp., Dendrocopos major.---J.K.P. {D302, C918, C914, C912} {ROL #82}

{B112} Miller, B. W., & C. M. Miller. 1998. Ornithology in Belize since 1960. Wilson Bull. 110: 544--558. (Box 37, Belize City, Belize; DM: galljug@btl.net)---Reviews work since 1964 and suggests areas for future study.---J.J.Dos. {B300, B900, C312, C702, C900} {ROL #82}

{B112} Vidal, R. M., C. Macias-Caballero, & C. D. Duncan. 1994. The occurrence and ecology of the Golden-cheeked Warbler in the highlands of Northern Chiapas, Mexico. Condor 96: 684--691. (CDD: The Nat. Conserv., 4245 Fairfax Dr., Arlington, VA 22203.)--- Dendroica chrysoparia 2nd least abundant warbler found almost exclusively in mixed species flocks in a variety of habitats, primarily pine and pine-oak associations.---R.B.C. {C926} {ROL #82}

{B118} Alisauskas, R. T. 1998. Winter range expansion and relationships between landscape and morphometrics of midcontinent Lesser Snow Geese. Auk 115: 851--862. (Prairie North. Wildl. Res. Ctr., Can. Wildl. Serv., 115 Perimeter Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Can.; EM: ray.alisauskas@ec.gc.ca)---Chen caerulescens caerulescens wintering in marsh habitats were larger, had thicker bills, and longer skulls and culmens than those wintering in agricultural landscapes.---A.A.W. {D300, E116, C318, C926} {ROL #82}

{B118} Brush, T. 1999. A reclusive, snail-eating raptor of the Lower Rio Grande Valley---the Hook-billed Kite. Texas Birds 1(2): 26--32. (Dept. Bio., Univ. Texas-Pan American, 1201 W. Univ. Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.)---Chondrohierax uncinatus. {ROL #82}

{B118} Carrière, S., R. G. Bromley, & G. Gauthier. 1999. Comparative spring habitat and food use by two Arctic nesting geese. Wilson Bull. 111: 166--180. (Wildl. Fish. Div., Dept. Resour., Wildl, Econ. Dev., Government NW Territories, 600 5102-50 Ave., Yellowknife, NT X1A 3S8, Can.; EM: suzanne_carriere@gov.nt.ca)---Anser albifrons frontalis , Branta canadensis hutchinsii. {B716, C908, D302} {ROL #82}

{B118} Chai, P., et al. 1999. Maximal horizontal flight performance of hummingbirds: effects of body mass and molt. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 72: 145--155. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Texas, Austin TX 78712, USA; EM: pengchai@aol.com)---Maximal flight speed in Archilochus colubris is unaffected by short-term changes in body mass, but molt reduces capacity for chase and escape.---J.S.G. {ROL #82}

{B118} Cuthbert, F. J. 1999. Double-crested Cormorants in the Midwest: symposium summary. USDA Anim. Plant Health Inspection Serv. Tech. Bull. 1879: 159--162. (Dept. Fish. Wildl., Univ. Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108 USA.)---Phalacrocorax auritus. {ROL #82}

{B118} Hardy, P., C., M. L. Morrison, & R. X. Barry. 1999. Abundance and habitat associations of Elf Owls and Western Screech-Owls in the Sonoran Desert. Southwest. Nat. 44: 311--323. (U.S. For. Serv., P.O. Box 7, Blairsden, CA 96103, USA; EM: pchardy@jps.net)---Abundance of Micrathene whitneyi did not change from 1994 to 1996 and was greater than Otus kennicottii abundance each year. Mature mesquite (Prosopis) appeared to be important for both species.---J.J.D. {ROL #82}

{B118} James, R. D. 1999. Yellow-throated and Blue-headed vireos in Ontario: 6. interspecific interactions, maintenance activities, and molt. Ontario Birds 17: 84--93. (R.R. 3, Sunderland, ON L0C 1H0, Can.)---Vireo flavifrons and Vireo solitarius , including review of previous literature from outside Ontario.---M.K.M. {ROL #82}

{B118} Lewis, S. J., & D. V. Weseloh. 1999. Introduction to the symposium on Double-crested Cormorants: population status and management issues in the Midwest. USDA Anim. Plant Health Inspection Serv. Tech. Bull. 1879: 1--2. (USFWS, Federal Bldg., 1 Federal Way, Ft. Snelling, MN 55111-4056 USA.)---Phalacrocorax auritus. {ROL #82}

{B118} Marín, M. 1999. Food, foraging, and timing of breeding of the Black Swift in California. Wilson Bull. 111: 30--37. (West. Found. Vert. Zool., 439 Calle San Pablo, Carmarillo, CA 93012, USA; EM: MMA@wfvz.org)---Nestling Cypseloides niger diet was dominated by winged ants (Formicidae). Adults made short and long duration feeding trips with short bouts likely dedicated to feeding young while longer trips perhaps provided food for both adults and nestlings.---J.J.Dos. {B702, D302, D306} {ROL #82}

{B118} Miller, K. E. 2000. Nest-site limitation, nest predation, and nest-site selection in a cavity-nesting bird community. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. (Dept. Wildlife Ecol. and Conserv., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.)---Controlled field experiments demonstrated that breeding populations of some cavity-nesting species were limited by nest-site availability. Nesting success rates for excavator species and non-excavator species were compared in relation to life-history theory about these two groups. Nest predation rates were positively correlated with cavity age, both within and across species.---K.E.M. {B716, C918, C916} {ROL #82}

{B118} Mitra, S. S. 1999. Ecology and behavior of Yellow Warblers breeding in Rhode Island's Great Swamp. Northeast. Nat. 6: 249--262. (Fire Island Lyme Disease Project, 28 Rescue Rd., Babylon, NY 11702, USA; EM: tixbirdz@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu)---Breeding phenology, territoriality, social interactions, reproductive success, and survivorship examined in Dendroica petechia.---J.S.G. {ROL #82}

{B118} Rodway, M. S. 1998. Activity patterns, diet, and feeding efficiency of Harlequin Ducks breeding in northern Labrador. Can. J. Zool. 76: 902--909. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Can.)---Results suggest that Histrionicus histrionicus are food-limited on the breeding grounds.---D.E.F. {D300, B308} {ROL #82}

{B118} Rohner, C., & C. J. Krebs. 1998. Response of Great Horned Owls to experimental "hot spots" of snowshoe hare density. Auk 115: 694--705. (Ctr. Biodiversity Res., Dept. Zool., Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Can.; EM: rohner@zoology.ubc.ca)---Within individual territories Bubo virginianus concentrated foraging efforts on "hot spots"; at an intermediate scale, owls did not congregate at these spots.---A.A.W. {ROL #82}

{B118} Salt, J. R. 1999. Some aspects of the biology of White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) in the Alberta Rockies III. Ecology and productivity on preferred breeding range. Alberta Nat. 29: 47--50. (464 Nelson St., Victoria, B.C. V9A 6P4, Can.)---Notes on breeding success, areas occupied by nesting and chick-rearing females, lack of nest-site tenacity between years and mortality factors.---M.K.M. {ROL #82}

{B118} Sedinger, J. S., et al. 1998. Density-dependent effects on growth, body size, and clutch size in Black Brant. Auk 115: 613--620. (Inst. Arctic Biol. Dept. Biol. Wildl., Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; EM: ffjss@aurora.alaska.edu)---Gosling size of Branta bernicla nigricans negatively correlated with colony size, however adult body size not affected; clutch size decreased for younger (< 4 years old) females but not older females.---A.A.W. {B720, C914, C918, E118} {ROL #82}

{B118} Sexton, C. W. 1999. The Vermilion Flycatcher in Texas. Texas Birds 1(2): 41--45. (U.S. Fish & Wildl. Serv., Balcones Canyonland NWR, Austin, TX 78751, USA.)---Pyrocephalus rubinus status for Texas is reviewed.---J.B.O. {ROL #82}

{B118} Smith, R. B., et al. 1999. The relationship between Spotted Owl diet and reproductive success in the San Bernardino Mountains, California. Wilson Bull. 111: 22--29. (Peery, M. Z.: 927 Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA; EM: mzpl@axe.humboldt.edu)---Dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) dominated Strix occidentalis occidentalis diet in both frequency and biomass. Successful nesters consumed more woodrat biomass.---J.J.Dos. {C918, D302} {ROL #82}

{B118} Tobin, M. E. (Tech. Coord.). 1999. Symposium on Double-crested Cormorants: population status and management issues in the Midwest. USDA Anim. Plant Health Inspection Serv. Tech. Bull. 1879, 164 pp. (USDA/APHIS/WS, Natl. Wildl. Res. Ctr., 4101 Laporte Ave., Ft. Collins, CO 80521 USA.)---Proceedings of a symposium held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 9 Dec 1997; focused mainly on Phalacrocorax auritus in the Great Lakes; the 16 papers in this volume are listed separately.---J.L.T. {B500, B504, B908, C909, C914, D302, E520} {ROL #82}

{B118} Wauer, R. H. 1999. A Texas specialty: White-tailed Hawk. Texas Birds 1(2): 4--8. (315 Padre Lane, Victoria, TX 77905, USA.)---A general overview of Buteo albicaudatus in Texas.---J.B.O. {ROL #82}

{B118} Wauer, R. H. 2000. Colima Warbler---a Texas specialty. Texas Birds 2(1): 44--47. (315 Padre Ln., Victoria, TX 77905, USA.)---Vermivora crissalis. {ROL #82}

{B118} Wendelm, H., & P. H. Becker. 1999. Does disturbance by nocturnal predators affect body mass of adult Common Terns? Waterbirds 22: 401--410. (Inst. f. Vogelforschung 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, D-26386, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.; EM: helmut.wendeln@ifv.terramare.de)---Predation by Asio otus on Sterna hirundo caused prolonged incubation and lowered hatching and breeding success, but the disturbance caused by predation did not affect adult body mass.---R.B.C. {B710, B718, E118} {ROL #82}

{B118} Weseloh, D. V., & S. J. Lewis. 1999. Information needs for the Double-crested Cormorant in midwestern North America, as identified by an audience survey. USDA Anim. Plant Health Inspection Serv. Tech. Bull. 1879: 157--158. (Can. Wildl. Serv., 4905 Dufferin St., Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Can.)---List 19 items for Phalacrocorax auritus .---J.L.T. {ROL #82}

{B120} Ueta, M., & M. J. McGrady, Eds. 2000. First Symposium on Steller's and White-tailed Sea Eagles in East Asia. Tokyo; Wild Bird Soc. Japan. (Wild Bird Soc. Japan, 1-47-1 Hatsudai, Shibuya, Tokyo 151-0061, Japan.)---11 papers on Haliaeetus pelagicus and Haliaeetus albicilla listed separately.---M.J.U. {ROL #82}

{B124} Filardi, C. E., et al. 1999. New behavioral, ecological, and biogeographic data on the avifauna of Rennell, Solomon Islands. Pacific Sci. 53: 319--340. (Florida Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.)---New records for Hirundo nigricans and Coracina novaehollandiae; notes increases in colonizers Phalacrocorax carbo and Aplonis cantoroides.---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B124} Monteiro, L. R. 1999. Status and distribution of Fea's Petrel, Bulwer's Petrel, Manx Shearwater, Little Shearwater and Band-rumped Storm-petrel in the Azores archipelago. Waterbirds 22: 358--366. (Dept. Oceanogr. Fish., Univ. Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal.; EM: monteiro@dop.uac.pt)---Undocumented colonies found for Puffinus puffinus (4), Puffinus assimilis baroli (24), hot season Oceanodroma castro (3) cold season (5), but breeding of Pterodroma feae unconfirmed and no new sites found for Bulweria bulwerii.---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B124} Vilina, Yerko A., & F. J. Gazitua. 1999. The birds of Sala y Gomez island, Chile. Waterbirds 22: 459--462. (Escuela de Med. Vet., Univ. Santo Tomas, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile.; EM: yerko.vilina@geotecnica.cl)---14 species, 10 nesting; 1st records for Phaethon aethereus, Gygis alba and significant breeding colonies of Procelsterna cerulea, Puffinus nativitatis)---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B128} Ebreo, M. F. 1993. Biology of Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea manilensis) and the preservation of Samponong Bolo [Sara, Iloilo Province, Philippines] as its sanctuary. Asia Life Sci. 2(2): 149--162. (No address available.) {ROL #82}

{B128} Gamauf, A., M. Preleuthner, & H. Winkler. 1998. Philippine birds of prey: interrelations among habitat, morphology, and behavior. Auk 115: 713--726. (HW: Konrad-Lorenz-Inst. Comp. Ethol., Austrian Acad. Sci., A-1160 Vienna, Austria; EM: h.winkler@klivv.oeaw.ac.at)---Foraging behavior, habitat, and morphology are related and are independent of phylogenetic relationships.---A.A.W. {ROL #82}

{B128} Nijman, V., S. van Balen, & R. SÖzer. 2000. Breeding biology of Javan Hawk-eagle Spizaetus bartelsi in West Java, Indonesia. Emu 100: 125--132. (Inst. Syst. Popn. Biol., Zool. Mus., Univ. Amsterdam, PO Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands.)---Results of 100 h of observations of two nests of this rare and endangered species during two breeding seasons.---W.K.S. {B702, B716, B718, C918} {ROL #82}

{B130} Robbins, M. B., R. S. Ridgely, & S. W. Cardiff. 1994. Voice, plumage and natural history of Anthony's Nightjar (Caprimulgus anthonyi). Condor 96: 224--228. (Div. Ornithol., Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; EM: mrobbins@ukans.edu)---Also maps localities in Ecuador where anthonyi has been found.---R.B.C. {B700, B320, C330, E114} {ROL #82}

{B300} Furlow, B., R. T. Kimball, & M. C. Marshall. 1998. Are rooster crows honest signals of fighting ability? Auk 115: 763--766. (Dept. Biol., 167 Castetter Hall, Univ. New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.)---Dominant frequency of rooster crow vocalizations in Gallus gallus is accurate indicator of resource-holding potential.---A.A.W. {ROL #82}

{B300} Piper, W. H. 1994. Courtship, copulation, nesting behavior and brood parasitism in the Venezuelan Stripe-backed Wren. Condor 96: 654--671. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Chapman Univ., One Univ. Dr., Orange, CA 92866; EM: wpiper@chapman.edu)---Venezuelan Campylorhynchus nuchalis defend nests vigorously against Molothrus bonariensis but at least 16% of nests surveyed were parasitized severely reducing nesting success. Amount of food provided to nestlings of this polyandrous cooperative breeder varied among adults of group but unrelated to how closely related or how dominant they were.---R.B.C. {B312, B704} {ROL #82}

{B300} Whitney, B. M., & J. F. Pacheco. 1994. Behavior and vocalizations of Gyalophylax and Megaxenops (Furnariidae), two little-known genera endemic to northeastern Brazil. Condor 96: 559--565. (Field Guides Inc., P.O. Box 160723, Austin, TX 78716-0723, USA.) {B320} {ROL #82}

{B300} Zimmer, K. J. 1999. Behavior and vocalizations of the Caura and the Yapacana antbirds. Wilson Bull. 111: 195--209. (1665 Garcia Rd., Atascadero, CA 93422, USA; EM: kjzsrz@tcsn.net)---First sound spectrograms and natural history descriptions of Percnostola caurensis and Myrmeciza disjuncta.---J.J.Dos. {B320, C330, C908} {ROL #82}

{B302} Alworth, T., & I. B. R. Scheiber. 1999. An incident of female-female aggression in the House Wren. Wilson Bull. 111: 130--132. (IBRS: Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA; EM: is5041@cnsunix.albany.edu)---Intruding female Troglodytes aedon usurped resident and paired with its mate.---J.J.Dos. {ROL #82}

{B302} Charley, D. 2000. Predator avoidance behaviour in the Double-eyed Fig-Parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma macleayana . Australian Bird Watcher 18: 203. (13 Hurley St., Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.)---Fig-parrot hung motionless, head-down below branch in response to Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus alarm call.---I.D.E. {ROL #82}

{B302} Davis, W. E. D. Jr., & H. F. Recher. 2000. False-brooding behaviour in the Red-capped Plover Charadrius ruficapillus. Australian Bird Watcher 18: 248--249. (Coll. Gen. Stud., Boston Univ., Boston, MA 02215, USA.)---Simulated brooding away from nest as a distraction display.---I.D.E. {ROL #82}

{B302} Grey, M. J., M. F. Clarke, & R. H. Loyn. 1998. Influence of the Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala on avian diversity and abundance in remnant Grey Box woodland. Pacific Conservation Biology 4: 55--69. (Sch. Zool., La Trobe Univ., Bundoora, Vic. 3083, Australia.)---Noisy Miners affect avian diversity and abundance through the aggressive exclusion of small insectivorous and nectarivorous species. Experimental removal of miners from remnant woodland plots resulted in increases in avian diversity and abundance. Removal of miners may be a useful short-term measure to assist recovery of threatened or endangered bird populations. The increase in small bird numbers following removal of miners has potential to reduce insect infestations and may assist in recovery of dieback-affected woodland remnants.---W.K.S. {B910, E520} {ROL #82}

{B302} Kershner, E. L., & E. K. Bollinger. 1999. Aggressive response of chickadees towards Black-capped and Carolina chickadee calls in central Illinois. Wilson Bull. 111: 363--367. (Dept. Nat. Resour. Environ. Sci., 350 Burnsides Res. Lab., 1208 W. Pennsylvania Ave., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; EM: kershner@uiuc.edu)---Reaction towards presumed heterospecific vocalizations for Poecile atricapillus and Poecile carolinensis was greater closer to contact zone between historic ranges.---J.J.Dos. {B320} {ROL #82}

{B302} Tyler, S. J. 1998. Aggression by a male South African Shelduck Tadorna cana towards White-faced Ducks Dendrocygna viduata. Babbler 34: 29. (c/o Room 106, D.A.H.P., Private Bag 0032, Gaborone, Botswana.) {ROL #82}

{B302} Yosef, R. 1994. Sex-related differences in distraction displays by Florida Sandhill Cranes. Condor 96: 222--224. (Internatl. Birdwatching Cent., P.O. Box 774, Eilat 88000, Israel; EM: ryosef@bgumail.bgu.ac.il)---Grus canadensis pratensis. {ROL #82}

{B304} Fairfield, G. M. 1999. An example of crow intelligence. Ontario Birds 17: 94--95. (332 Sheldrake Blvd., Toronto, ON M4P 2B8, Can.)---After snowstorm, American Crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, watched for Blue Jays, Cyanocitta cristata, to drop peanuts on ground after prying them from container too small for crows to perch on. Also recalls Blue Jays retrieving food cached by Gray Jays, Perisoreus canadensis.---M.K.M. {D306} {ROL #82}

{B306} Bosque, C., & E. A. Herrera. 1999. "Snorkeling" by the chicks of the Wattled Jacana. Wilson Bull. 111: 262--265. (Dept. Biol. Organismos, Univ. Simón Bolívar, Apartado 89.000, Caracas 1080, Venezuela; EM: carlosb@usb.ve)---Unusual predator escape behavior by Jacana jacana. Forward placement of nostrils facilitates breathing while submerged.---J.J.Dos. {B302, C916, E122} {ROL #82}

{B306} Diehl, R. H., & R. P. Larkin. 1998. Wingbeat frequency of two Catharus thrushes during nocturnal migration. Auk 115: 591--601. (Illinois Nat. Hist. Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820, USA; EM: rdiehl@uiuc.edu)---Radio transmitters used to record continuous flapping in migration as well as distinct differences in wingbeat frequency during takeoff and cruising flight in Catharus ustulatus and Catharus fuscescens.---S.C.L. {D902} {ROL #82}

{B306} Moyle, R. G., & F. H. Heppner. 1998. Flight without horizon references in European Starlings. Auk 115: 771--774. (Mus. Nat. Sci., 119 Foster Hall, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; EM: rmoyle@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu)---Sturnus vulgaris were reluctant to fly when horizon references were lost; those that did increased flapping rate and lowered feet during flight.---A.A.W. {ROL #82}

{B306} Warrick, D. R. 1998. The turning- and linear-maneuvering performance of birds: the cost of efficiency for coursing insectivores. Can. J. Zool. 76: 1063--1079. (Div. Biol. Sci., Univ. Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-1002, USA.) {ROL #82}

{B306} Warrick, D. R., K. P. Dial, & A. A. Biewener. 1998. Asymmetrical force production in the maneuvering flight of pigeons. Auk 115: 916--928. (Div. Biol. Sci., Univ. Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; EM: drw@selway.umt.edu)---Columbia livia more commonly produced a series of small force asymmetries to create a saltatory turn than the previously suggested symmetrical flight pattern.---A.A.W. {ROL #82}

{B308} Craig, A. J. F. K. 1999. Anting in Afrotropical birds: a review. Ostrich 70: 203--207. (Dept. Zoo. Entomol., Rhodes Univ., PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, S. Africa; EM: A.Craig@ru.ac.za)---Rarely reported, but in the field passive anting recorded in 4 non-passerine species, active or passive anting in 21 passerine species; in captivity in a further 27 passerine species. All ants identified belong to sub-family Formicinae.---A.J.F.K.C. {ROL #82}

{B308} Gauthier-Clerc, M., A. Tamisier, & F. Cezilly. 1998. Sleep-vigilance trade-off in Green-winged Teals (Anas crecca crecca). Can. J. Zool. 76: 2214--2218. (Ctr. Ecol. et Physiologie Energetiques-CNRS, 23, rue Becquerel, 67 087 Strasburg Cedex 2, France.) {ROL #82}

{B308} Górska, E. 1998. The influence of weather factors on the daily activity of urban populations of birds at their common roosts in Slupsk. Acta zool. cracov. 41(1): 35--43. (Inst. Biology & Environ. Protection, Pedagogical Univ., Arciszewskiego 22B, PL 76 200 Slupsk, Poland.) {ROL #82}

{B308} Hendricks, P. 2000. Arboreal nocturnal roosting behavior of a fledgling American Dipper. Wilson Bull. 112: 148--150. (Montana Nat. Heritage Prog., 9090 Locust St., Missoula, MT 59802, USA; EM: phendricks@state.mt.us)---First report of Cinclus mexicanus or any dipper species roosting in a tree at night.---J.J.Dos. {ROL #82}

{B308} Moore, J. E., & P. V. Switzer. 1998. Preroosting aggregations in the American Crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos . Can. J. Zool. 76: 508--512. (PVS: Dept. Zool., East. Illinois Univ., Charleston, IL 61920, USA.) {ROL #82}

{B308} Schram, B. 2000. Notes on the behaviour of Curl-crested Manucode Manucodia comrii. Muruk 8: 75. (Victor Emanuel Nature Tours, PO Box 33008, Austin, TX 78764, USA.)---Observations made on Fergusson Island, Papua New Guinea, on 23 Sept. 1999.---I.R. {ROL #82}

{B308} Sovern, S. G., et al. 1994. Diurnal behavior of the Spotted Owl in Washington. Condor 96: 200--202. (USDA For. Serv., Pacific NW Res. Stn., 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.)---Nesting Strix occidentalis more active during day than non-nesting ones.---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B308} Tyler, S. J. 1999. Bathing habits of birds---foliage-bathing. Babbler 35: 29. (c/o Room 106, D.A.H.P., Private Bag 0032, Gaborone, Botswana.) {ROL #82}

{B308} Tyler, S. J. 2000. Birds at pools in the Boteti river near Khumanga [Botswana]. Babbler 36: 12--13. (c/o Room 106, D.A.H.P., Private Bag 0032, Gaborone, Botswana.) {ROL #82}

{B312} Andersson, S. 1994. Costs of sexual advertising in the lekking Jackson's Widowbird. ÊCondor 96: 1--10. (Dept. Biol., 0116, Univ. California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.)---Costs for Euplectes jacksoni in central Kenya evidently primarily physiological.---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B312} Barbraud, C., & J. C. Barbraud. 1999. Is there age assortative mating in the European White Stork? Waterbirds 22: 478--481. (Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200, Arles, France.; EM: barbraud@tour-du-valat.com)---Not in Ciconia ciconia in western France.---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B312} Birks, S. M. 1999. Unusual timing of copulations in the Australian Brush-turkey. Auk 116: 169--177. (Burke Mus., Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; EM:sbirks@u.washington.edu)---Most within-pair copulations among Alectura lathami occur < 1-hr before laying.---S.C.L. {B714} {ROL #82}

{B312} Blache, D., C. D. Barrett, & G. B. Martin. 2000. Social mating system and sexual behaviour in captive Emus, Dromaius novaehollandiae. Emu 100: 161--168. (Fac. Agric. [Anim. Sci.], Univ. W. Aust., Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia.)---Study of 33 females and 27 males in large free-range pen.---W.K.S. {ROL #82}

{B312} Coupe, M., & F. Cooke. 1999. Factors affecting the pairing chronologies of three species of mergansers in southwest British Columbia. Waterbirds 22: 452--458. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Simon Fraser Univ., 8888 Univ. Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Can.; EM: coupe@sfu.ca)--- Lophodytes cucullatus began to pair in mid-Nov, Mergus serrator in early Feb, Mergus merganser in late Feb; earlier pairing of smallest, cucullatus, suggests differences in pairing chronology likely the result of constraints caused by winter sexual segregation.)---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B312} Ferguson, J. W. H. 1999. The significance of mate selection and mate recognition in speciation. Proc. Int. Ornithol. Congr. 22: 1496--1504. (Department of Zoology and Entomology, Pretoria University, Pretoria, South Africa; EM: JWHFerguson@zoology.up.ac.za)---It appears that mate recognition systems may have dynamics separate from mate selection and which may strongly affect speciation. New World avian and other examples.---R.J.D. {D105} {ROL #82}

{B312} Friesen, L. E., V. E. Wyatt, & M. D. Cadman. 1999. Pairing success of Wood Thrushes in a fragmented agricultural landscape. Wilson Bull. 111: 279--281. (Can. Wildl. Serv., 75 Farquhar St., Guelph, ON N1H 3N4, Can.; EM: lyle.friesen@sympatico.ca)---Most singing Hylocichla mustelina in small woodlots are paired.---J.J.Dos. {B320, B908} {ROL #82}

{B312} Garavanta, C. A. M., & R. D. Wooller. 2000. Courtship behaviour and breeding biology of Bridled Terns, Sterna anaethetus, on Penguin Island, Western Australia. Emu 100: 169--174. (Biol. Sci. Murdoch Univ., Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.) {B702} {ROL #82}

{B312} Hirano, T. 1999. Displays of Japanese Lesser Sparrowhawks during pre-laying period. Japanese Journal of Ornithology 48: 157--160. (c/o Tomuro, 2-3-15 Yoshino, Utsunomiya 320-0838, Japan.)---Accipiter gularis. {ROL #82}

{B312} Rice, N. H. 1999. Courtship behavior of the Buff-necked Ibis (Theristicus caudatus). Wilson Bull. 111: 118--119. (Nat. Hist. Mus., Univ. Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; EM: nrice@falcon.cc.ukans.edu)---Displays resemble those of other ibis species.---J.J.Dos. {ROL #82}

{B312} Schmidt, V., H. M. Schaffer, & A. Leisler. 1999. Song behaviour and range use in the polygamous Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola. Acta Ornith. 34: 209--213. (B. L.: Forschungstelle f. Ornithologie Max-Planck Ges., Vogelwarte Radolfzell D 78 315 Radolfzell, Germany; EM: leisler@vowa.ornithol.mpg.de) {B320} {ROL #82}

{B312} Sorenson, L. G. 1994. Forced extra-pair copulation in the White-cheeked Pintail: Male tactics and female responses. Condor 96: 400--410. (Smithson. Inst., Conserv. Res. Cent., Front Royal, VA 22630, USA.)---Male chases of fertile hen Anas bahamensis in the Bahamas more often and more frequently than they chased non-fertile birds. High resistance by females suggested as a means to preserve pair-bond and investment in mates.---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B312} Stanback, M., C. Boix, D. Richardson, T. Birkhead, B. Fletcher, & J. Mendelsohn. 1999. Sperm storage, pair bondage, and genetic monogamy in hornbills. Proc. Int. Ornithol. Congr. 22: 2657--2665. (Department of Biology, Davidson College, PO Box 1719, Davidson, NC 28036, USA; EM: mastanback@davidson.edu)---Some hornbill (Bucerotidae) eggs laid weeks after female seals herself into nest. Males go to great effort to avoid cuckoldry and Monteiro's Hornbill Tockus monteiri showed no extra-pair offspring in a dense population. Other species: Red-billed Hornbill Tockus erythrorhynchus, Yellow-billed Tockus flavirostris , and Grey Tockus nasutus.---P.C.L., R.J.D. {B712, D502, E120} {ROL #82}

{B312} Wolfenbarger, L. L. 1999. Female mate choice in Northern Cardinals: Is there a preference for redder males? Wilson Bull. 111: 76--83. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; EM: LW137@umail.umd.edu)---Cardinalis cardinalis showed no color preference. Females may choose based on other morphological characteristics or aspects of a territory.---J.J.Dos. {B318, B714} {ROL #82}

{B312} Young, H. G. 1999. Comparative study of the courtship displays of Meller' s Duck Anas melleri, Yellowbilled Duck A. undulata and Northern Mallard A. platyrhynchos. Ostrich 70: 117--122. (Bird Dept., Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust, Les Augrés Manor, Trinity, Jersey JE3 5BF, Channel Is., UK.)---Monochromatic Anas melleri shows some behavioural similarities to African Anas sparsa. Anas undulata, Anas platyrhynchos.---A.J.F.K.C. {ROL #82}

{B314} Belthoff, J. R., A. M. Dufty, Jr., & S. A. Gauthreaux, Jr. 1994. Plumage variation, plasma steroids and social dominance in male House Finches. Condor 96: 614--625. (Dept. Biol., Boise State Univ., Boise, ID 83725, USA.; EM: jbeltho@boisestate.edu)---Male dominance during the non-breeding season may not be related to testosterone levels in Carpodacus mexicanus and colorful plumage not related either.---R.B.C. {E108, E114} {ROL #82}

{B314} Hahn, S. 2000. The timing of activity of Blackbellied Storm-petrels at a high latitude colony. Emu 100: 155--159. (Inst. Ecol., Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.)---Flight activity and calling of Fregetta tropica were highly synchronized with periods of darkness at Antarctic colony.---W.K.S. {ROL #82}

{B314} Hebert, P. N., & R. McNeil. 1999. Nocturnal activity of Ring-billed Gulls at and away from the colony. Waterbirds 22: 445--451. (Dept Biol., Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Can.; EM: phebert@cc.umanitoba.ca)---Fewer interruptions of copulation, few birds on land but larger groups at night and more feeding of chicks by day at Larus delawarensis colony in the St. Lawrence Seaway. Responses to predators at night similar to during day but less intense.---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B314} Krams, I. 1998. Individual adjust their body reserves to dominance position within mixed flocks of the Willow ( Parus montanus) and the Crested Tit (Parus cristatus): A field experiment. Pol. J. Ecol. 46: 207--216. (Dept. Sci. Daugavpils Pedagogical Univ., Daugavpils, Latvia, LV 5407; EM: krams@dpu.lv)---Body reserves of Willow Tits as subordinate flock members were found to be dependent on the presence of dominant Crested Tit.---J.K.P. {ROL #82}

{B314} Pierotti, R., & C. Annett. 1994. Patterns of aggression in gulls: asymmetries and tactics in different social categories. Condor 96: 590--599. (Dept. Syst. Ecol., Univ. Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2106, USA.; EM: pierotti@falcon.cc.ukans.edu)---Territory holding male Larus occidentalis on Southeast Farallon Island could defeat almost all aggressors; females could defend against neighbors, immatures, and adult females, but were often unsuccessful against males.---R.B.C. {B302} {ROL #82}

{B314} Pravosudov, V. V., & T. C. Grubb, Jr. 1999. Effects of dominance on vigilance in avian social groups. Auk 116: 241--246. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; EM: vladimir@bilbo.bio.purdue.edu)---Tested three predictions about dominance-related vigilance; supported the hypothesis that in conspecific pairs the subordinate displays higher vigilance.---A.A.W. {ROL #82}

{B314} Rose, A. B. 2000. Communal roosting of Red-whiskered Bulbuls. Australian Bird Watcher 18: 207. (61 Boundary St., Forster, NSW 2428, Australia.)---Roost departure behaviour of Pycnonotus jocosus.---I.D.E. {B308} {ROL #82}

{B314} Russell, K. R., & S. A Gauthreaux, Jr. 1999. Spatial and temporal dynamics of a Purple Martin pre-migratory roost. Wilson Bull. 111: 354--362. (Willamette Industries, Inc., P.O. Box 488, Dallas, OR 97338-0488, USA; EM: krussell@wii.com)---Timing of Progne subis movements related to ambient light. Exited roost in organized departures, returned in scattered flocks.---J.J.Dos. {B308, E524} {ROL #82}

{B314} Westcott, D. A., & J. N. M. Smith. 1994. Behavior and social organization during the breeding season in Mionectes oleagineus, a lekking flycatcher. Condor 96: 672--683. (Coop. Res. Centre Trop. Rainfall Ecol. Manage., CSIRO Div. Wildl. Ecol., CSIRO Trop. For. Res. Centre, P.O. Box 780, Atherton, Qld. 4883, Australia.; EM davidw@tfrc.csiro.au)---Costa Rican males defended display territories, acted as subordinate satellites in leks (ca. 10%), or did not have or associate (48%) with such territories. Territories averaged 763 m². Displays and copulation described.---R.B.C. {B312} {ROL #82}

{B316} Anderson, J. T., & W. C. Conway. 2000. The flight song display of the Cassin's Sparrow (Aimophila cassinii ): form and possible function. Bull. Texas Ornithol. Soc. 33(1): 1--5. (Dept. Range, Wildlife, & Fish. Manage., Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.)---Flight song displays appears to help attract mates, defend territories and detect predators.---J.B.O. {B318, B320} {ROL #82}

{B316} Henrioux, F. 2000. Home range and habitat use by the Long-eared Owl in northwestern Switzerland. J. Raptor Res. 34: 93--101. (Inst. Zool., Univ. Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2007 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.)---Asio otus. {C908, E524}. {ROL #82}

{B316} Husak, M. S. 2000. Seasonal variation in territorial behavior of Golden-fronted Woodpeckers in west-central Texas. Southwest. Nat. 45: 30--38. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.)---Territories/home ranges of Melanerpes aurifrons averaged 17.4 ha in spring, 24.9 ha in summer, and 10.8 ha in winter.---J.J.D. {ROL #82}

{B316} Paruk, J. D. 1999. Territorial takeover in Common Loons. Wilson Bull. 111: 116--117. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Idaho State Univ., Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; EM: parujame@isu.edu)---Adult pair of Gavia immer displaced resident pair after the latter's chick was killed by an adult Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus).---J.J.Dos. {ROL #82}

{B316} Stamps, J. A., & V. V. Krishnan. 1999. A learning-based model of territory establishment. Quart. Rev. Biol. 74: 291--318. (Sec. Evol. Ecol., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; EM: jastamps@ucdavis.edu)---Model is applied in large areas that contain patches of equal intrinsic quality, and depends on assumptions that individuals tend to return to areas in which they previously had few or no aggressive encounters, and tend to avoid areas in which they engaged in costly aggressive interactions.---J.S.G. {ROL #82}

{B318} Aragonés, J., L. A. De Reyna, & P. Recuerda. 1999. Visual communication and sexual selection in a nocturnal bird species, Caprimulgus ruficollis, a balance between crypsis and conspicuousness. Wilson Bull. 111: 340--345. (Avda. Cádiz nº 5, 14009-Córdoba, Spain; EM: ba2biani@uco.es)---Sexual selection favors white wing and tail bands in adult male Red-necked Nightjars.---J.J.Dos. {B312, E114} {ROL #82}

{B320} Baptista, L. F., & S. L. Gaunt. 1994. Advances in studies of avian sound communication. Condor 96: 817--830. (Dept. Ornithol. Mammal., California Acad. Sci., San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.)---Overview asserting advances soon followed technological development of equipment; ca 5 p. bibliography.---R.B.C. {C702, C704} {ROL #82}

{B320} Bay, M. D. 1999. The type B song of the Northern Parula: structure and geographic variation along proposed sub-species boundaries. Wilson Bull. 111: 505--514. (Dept. Biol., East Central Univ., Ada, OK 74820, USA; EM: mbay@mailclerk.ecok.edu)---120 male Parula americana showed macrogeographic (east/west) variation with respect to duration, frequency, syllables, and phrase patterns.---J.J.Dos. {D108} {ROL #82}

{B320} Burnell, K., & S. I. Rothstein. 1994. Variation in the structure of female Brown-headed Cowbird vocalizations and its relation to vocal function and development. Condor 96: 703--715. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; EM: burnell@lifesci.ucsb.edu)---The distinctive loud "chatter" call of Molothrus ater showed only minor macrogeographic variation among three races and no evidence of local dialects. The calls are variable enough among individuals to allow individual recognition.---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B320} Dowsett-Lemaire, F. 1996. A comment on the voice and status of Vermiculated Fishing-Owl Scotopelia bouvieri and a correction to Dowsett-Lemaire (1992) on the Maned Owl Jubula lettii . Bull. Afr. Bird Club 3: 134--135. (Rue de Bois de Breux 194, B--4020 Liège, Belgium.)---Correction to Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 112: 213--218, as vocalisations involved actually refer to Scotopelia bouvieri, with some notes on the status and habitat of that species in northern Congo.---G.M.K. {C914, C908} {ROL #82}

{B320} Ewert, D. N., & D. E. Kroodsma. 1994. Song sharing and repertoires among migratory and resident Rufous-sided Towhees. Condor 96: 190--196. (The Nature Conservancy, 2840 E. Grand River Ave., East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; EM (DEK): kroodsma@bio.umass.edu)---Migratory Pipilo erythrophthalmus from Long Island, New York, sang an average of 3.5 songs per male (n=15) while resident Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni at Archbold Biological Station, Florida sang 8 (n=15) with latter sharing much more of repertoires with neighbors.---R.B.C. {D108} {ROL #82}

{B320} Fernández-Juricic, E., & M. B. Martella. 2000. Guttural calls of Blue-fronted Amazons: structure, context, and their possible role in short range communication. Wilson Bull. 112: 35--43. (Dept. Biol. Anim. I. Facultad Biol., Univ. Complytense Madrid, E 28040 Madrid, Spain; EM: estebanf@bme.es)---Calls of Amazona aestiva were given year round and in several contexts. Calls of four structural types but these could not be assigned to specific contexts. Gutturals are likely used for maintaining contact, group spacing, and coordinating movements.---J.J.Dos. {B314} {ROL #82}

{B320} Ficken, M. S., E. D. Hailman, & J. P. Hailman. 1994. The chick-a-dee call system of the Mexican Chickadee. ÊCondor 96: 70--82. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; EM: fickenm@csd.uwm.edu)---Poecile sclateri calls in the Chiricahua Mountains, southern Arizona, have four notes, three common, one very rare variant in sequence given and at least 60 different call types; discusses which calls given in different behavioral contexts.---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B320} Freeman, P. L. 2000. Identification of individual Barred Owls using spectrogram analysis and auditory cues. J. Raptor Res. 34: 85--92. (Dept. Zool., North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105, USA.)---Strix varia. {ROL #82}

{B320} Frith, C. B. 1994. Adaptive significance of tracheal elongation in manucodes (Paradisaeidae). Condor 96: 552--555. ("Prionodura", P.O. Box 581, Malanda, Queensland 4885, Australia.)---Apparently allows communication over relatively greater distances.---R.B.C. {E116, E122} {ROL #82}

{B320} Gilbert, W. M., & A. F. Carroll. 1999. Singing in a mated female Wilson's Warbler. Wilson Bull. 111: 134--137. (4630 Driftwood Ct., El Sobrante, CA 94803, USA; EM: wmglbrt@aol.com)--- Wilsonia pusilla songs might function in pair formation.---J.J.Dos. {ROL #82}

{B320} Green, G. 1999. Noisy Buff-bellied Hummers. Texas Birds 1(1): 21--23. (Author is deceased.)---Vocalization of Amazilia yucatanensis near Victoria, Texas is discussed.---J.B.O. {ROL #82}

{B320} Harrap, S. 1996. The vocalisations of the African black tits (Parus niger complex). Bull. Afr. Bird Club 3: 99--104. (1 Norwich Road, Edgefield, Melton Constable, Norfolk NR24 2RP, UK.)---Discussion, including sonograms, of five species within this complex, Parus niger, Parus carpi, Parus leucomelas, Parus guineensis and Parus albiventris.---G.M.K. {ROL #82}

{B320} Klatt, P. H., & G. Ritchison. 1994. The effect of mate removal on the vocal behavior and movement patterns of male and female Eastern Screech-owls. Condor 96: 485--493. (Dept. Zool., CW312 Biol. Sci. Bldg., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Can.)---Kentucky male Otus asio increased song, both sexes moved more; bounce songs used more often than whinny after temporary mate removal, extended bounce songs more frequent after mates released and near potential nest cavities.---R.B.C. {C920} {ROL #82}

{B320} Laiolo, P., C. Palestrini, & A. Rolando. 2000. A study of Choughs 'vocal repertoire:' variability related to individuals, sexes and ages. J. Ornithol. 141: 168--179. (Dipartimento die Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Via Accademia Albertina 17, I-10123 Torino, Italy.)---Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax. {ROL #82}

{B320} Liu, R., Q. Yu, & F. Lei. 1998. Vocalization of the Barred Laughing-thrush Garrulax lunulatus (Timaliidae) in China---preliminary study. Acta Ornith. 33: 127--133. (Inst. Zoology, Academia Sinica, 19 Zhongguancun Lu, Beijing 100080 PR China EM:yuging@cenpok.net) {ROL #82}

{B320} Lloyd, P., P. E. Hulley, & A. J. F. K. Craig. 1999. Song sharing by neighbourhood groups of territorial male Blackeyed Bulbuls. Ostrich 70: 208--213. (FitzPatrick Inst., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, S. Africa.)---Pycnonotus barbatus has discrete and highly structured system of phrase sharing in territorial song. Neighbours show strong tendency to share phrase types within their repertoire.---A.J.F.K.C. {ROL #82}

{B320} Malpede, C. E., & M. C. Baker. 2000. A comparison of gargle calls of Black-capped Chickadees recorded in the laboratory and in the field. Wilson Bull. 112: 67--71. (MCB: Biol. Dept., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; EM: mcbaker@lamar.colostate.edu)--- Poecile atricapillus individuals have repertoires of calls, some of which are shared with conspecifics. A population sample of calls reveals a variety constituting the population repertoire.---J.J.Dos. {E522} {ROL #82}

{B320} Payne, R. B., C. R. Barlow, & T. Wacher. 2000. Adamawa Turtle Dove Streptopelia hypopyrrha in The Gambia, with comparison of its calls in The Gambia and Nigeria. Malimbus 22: 37--40. (Mus. Zool. and Dept. Biol., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; email rbpayne@umich.edu.)---By field observations and audiospectrographs.---P.W.P.B {ROL #82}

{B320} Pepperberg, I. M. 1999. How cognitive processing and social interaction affect allospecific vocal learning in Grey Parrots. Proc. Int. Ornithol. Congr. 22: 177--192. (Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA; EM: impepper@u.arizona.edu)---Psittacus erithacus. {B304, B314}} {ROL #82}

{B320} Pérez-Villafaña, M., H. G. de Silva G., & A. DeSucre-Medrano. 1999. Sexual dimorphism in the song of Sumichrast's Wren. Wilson Bull. 111: 128--130. (HGDS: Inst. Ecol., UNAM, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Univ., UNAM, C.P. 04510, México, D. F., Mexico; EM: hgomez@nosferatu.ecologia.unam.mx)---Hylorchilus sumichrasti . {ROL #82}

{B320} Prinzinger, R., V. Dietz, & D. Bringer. 2000. [Internal pipping (IP): obligatory or facultative behaviour for successful hatching?] J. Ornithol. 141: 191--202. (AK Stoffwechselphysiol., J.W.G.-Univ. Frankf. a.M., Siesmayerstr. 70, D-60323 Frankfurt a.M., FRG.) (German, English summary.) {B718} {ROL #82}

{B320} Skiba, R. 2000. [Possible "Rain call" selection in the Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) by noise intensity---an investigation of a hypothesis.] J. Ornithol. 141: 160--167. (Muehlenfeld 52, D-42369 Wuppertal, FRG.) (German, English summary.) {D105} {ROL #82}

{B320} Wiebe, M. O., & M. R. Lein. 1999. Use of song types by Mountain Chickadees (Poecile gambeli). Wilson Bull. 111: 368--375. (MRL: Div. Ecol. (Behav. Ecol. Group), Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Can.; EM: mrlein@ucalgary.ca)---Composition and function of repertoires. Different vocalizations associated with different behaviors and levels of aggression.---J.J.Dos. {B302} {ROL #82}

{B500} Giese, M., & M. Clarke. 2000. Managing human visitation to seabirds: Recent research from Antarctica. Australasian Seabird Bulletin 36: 6. (Zool. Dept., Univ. Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia; EM: m.giese@zoology.unimelb.edu.au)---Investigated response of seabirds to human approach on foot, in order to estimate minimum approach distances to Adelie Penguin Pygoscelis adeliae colonies and to set guidelines for approaching Adelies, Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) and Southern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialoides) by helicopter.---P.S.L. {B906} {ROL #82}

{B500} Holdaway, R. N., & C. Jacomb. 2000. Rapid extinction of the Moas (Aves: Dinornithiformes): Model, test, and implications. Science 287: 2250--2254. (Paleaecol. Research, 167 Springs Road, Hornby, Christchurch 8004, New Zealand; EM: piopio@netaccess.co.nz)---Human hunting and habitat destruction drove moas to extinction less than 100 years after Polynesian settlement of New Zealand.---M.J.J. {B900} {ROL #82}

{B500} Leddy, K. L., K. F. Higgins, & D. E. Naugle. 1999. Effects of wind turbines on upland nesting birds in Conservation Reserve Program grasslands. Wilson Bull. 111: 100--104. (KFH: South Dakota Coop. Fish Wildl. Res. Unit, USGS-BRD, South Dakota State Univ., Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.)---Areas without turbines or located >180 m from turbines supported higher densities of passerines.---J.J.Dos. {C908} {ROL #82}

{B500} Siegel-Causey, D. 1999. The problems of being successful: managing interactions between humans and Double-crested Cormorants. USDA Anim. Plant Health Inspection Serv. Tech. Bull. 1879: 5--14. (Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.)---Reviews facets of Phalacrocorax auritus natural history and behavior that promote conflicts with humans. Concludes that most effective resolution of conflicts will entail managing the consequences of human activities (e.g., aquaculture) rather than those of the birds themselves.---J.L.T. {B504, conflict, feeding ecology, fisheries, natural history, pests, management} {ROL #82}

{B500} Taylor, R., & S. Albert. 1999. Human hunting of nongame birds at Zuni, New Mexico, U.S.A. Conserv. Biol. 13: 1398--1403. (Dept. Biol., Univ. New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.) {B510} {ROL #82}

{B500} Yorio, P., & G. Caille. 1999. Seabird interactions with coastal fisheries in Northern Patagonia: Use of discards and incidental captures in nets. Waterbirds 22: 207--216. (Centro Nac. Patagonico, Bv. Brown s/n, 9120, Puerto Madryn, Chabut, Argentina; EM: yorio@cenpat.edu.ar)---Larus dominicanus and Thalassarche melanophris were seen most frequently and in the greatest numbers and apparently benefit from provision of fishing waste; only two birds were killed during 394 hauls on 124 trips in 5 fishing areas.---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B502} Anderson, M. D., A. W. A. Maritz, & E. Oosthuysen. 1999. Raptors drowning in farm reservoirs in South Africa. Ostrich 70: 139--144. (N. Cape Nat. Conservation Service, Private Bag X6102, Kimberley 8300, S. Africa.)---Significant source of mortality for raptors > 300 g in arid areas. Simple solutions proposed.---A.J.F.K.C. {ROL #82}

{B502} Bedard, J., A. Nadeau, & M. Lepage. 1999. Double-crested Cormorant culling in the St. Lawrence River Estuary: results of a 5-year program. USDA Anim. Plant Health Inspection Serv. Tech. Bull. 1879: 147--154. (Dept. Biol., Laval Univ., Ste-Foy, PQ G1K 704, Can.)---In combination, culling adults (7,917) at tree nests and oiling eggs in ground nests (25,095) reduced population from 17,000 pairs to 9,561 pairs in 4 years; the targeted goal was 10,000 pairs in 5 years. The greater-than-predicted decline was due to greater vulnerability of males to shooting.---J.L.T. {egg spraying, overabundance, population control, E520} {ROL #82}

{B502} Robbins, M. B., B. R. Barber, & E. A. Young. 2000. Major bird mortality at a Topeka television tower. Bull. Kansas Ornithol. Soc. 51: 29--30. (Div. Ornithol., Nat. Hist. Museum, Univ. Kansas, Lawrence, KS 6045-2454; Dept. Biol., Southwestern College, 100 College St., Winfield, KS 67156-2499 USA.)---478 individuals of 35 species found dead on 9 October 1999 under TV tower 18 km W of Topeka, KS, USA.---R.F.J. {C706, E116} {ROL #82}

{B504} Belant, J. L., L. A. Tyson, & T. W. Seamans. 1999. Use of alpha-chloralose by the Wildlife Services program to capture nuisance birds. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 938--942. (Natl. Park Serv., Denali Natl. Park Preserve, P.O. Box 9, Denali Park, AK 99755, USA.)---Most alpha-choloralose use during 1994-1995 was directed at waterfowl, primarily Anas platyrhynchos, Branta canadensis and Cairina moschata; other frequently captured birds included Columba livia and Fulica americana..---W.P.J. {ROL #82}

{B504} Khan, A. H. 2000. Feeding regimens of Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri) in a maize agro-ecosystem in Central Punjab, Pakistan. Eclectus 8: 9--11. (Dept. Zool. Fish., Univ. Agric., Faisalabad, Pakistan.)---Observations over three successive days during May 1996, 1997, and 1998 showed peaks of feeding by Psittacula krameri on a maize crop in morning and evening. Control tactics are discussed.---I.R. {ROL #82}

{B504} Lowney, M. S. 1999. Damage by Black and Turkey Vultures in Virginia, 1990-1996. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 715--719. (USDA, Wildl. Services, P.O. Box 130, Moseley, VA 23120, USA.)---Most complaints about Coragyps atratus and Cathartes aura concerned livestock.---W.P.J. {ROL #82}

{B504} Nybakk, K., O. Kjelvik, & T. Kvam. 1999. Golden Eagle predation on semidomestic reindeer. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 1038--1042. (Norwegian Inst. Nature Res., Tungasletta 2, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway)---Of 853 Rangifer tarandus that were marked with radios, Aquila chrysaetos killed 9 calves and 3 adults.---W.P.J. {ROL #82}

{B504} Pochup, P. A., J. L. Cummings, et al. 1999. Vegetation preferences of captive Canada Geese at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 734--740. (USDA, Animal Plant Health Inspection Serv., Natl. Wildl. Res. Ctr., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.)---Non-preferred plants have the potential to deter Branta canadensis from airfields.---W.P.J. {B508} {ROL #82}

{B504} Seamans, T. W., & J. L. Belant. 1999. Comparison of DRC-1330 and alpha-chloralose to reduce Herring Gull populations. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 729--733. (USDA, Natl. Wildl. Res. Ctr., 6100 Columbus Ave., Sandusky, OH 44870, USA.)---Alpha-chloralose is recommended to control Larus argentatus.---W.P.J. {ROL #82}

{B504} Trapp, J. L., S. J. Lewis, & D. M. Pence. 1999. Double-crested Cormorant impacts on sport fish: literature review, agency survey, and strategies. USDA Anim. Plant Health Inspection Serv. Tech. Bull. 1879: 87--96. (USFWS, 4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Arlington, VA 22203 USA.)---25 major diet studies, 1923--94, suggest that Phalacrocorax auritus has minor impact on sport fish populations; and a 1996 survey of U.S. State wildlife agencies found little support for reducing cormorant populations to benefit sport fish. Outline strategies for addressing local problems.---J.L.T. {E520, food habits, population control} {ROL #82}

{B508} Burger, L. W., D. A. Miller, & R. I. Southwick. 1999. Economic impact of Northern Bobwhite hunting in the southeastern United States. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 1010--1018. (Dept. Wildl. Fish., Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.)---Colinus virginianus . {ROL #82}

{B508} Cox, R. R., Jr., & A. D. Afton. 1999. Do mini-refuges supply wintering Northern Pintails with important diurnal roost sites? Response to Rave. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 901--903. (USGS, Northern Prairie Wildl. Res. Ctr., 8711 37th St. SE, Jamestown, ND 58401, USA.)---Authors reply to Rave (1999, Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27:897-900) and argue that their interpretation of Rave and Cordes (1993, J. Field Ornithol. 64:211-218) was logical; Anas acuta.---W.P.J. {ROL #82}

{B508} Dörgeloh, W.G. 2000. Relative densities and habitat utilisation of non-utilised, terrestrial gamebird populations in a natural savanna, South Africa. Afr. J. Ecol. 38: 31--37. (Appl. Nat. Sci., Technikon SA, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, S. Africa.)---Swainson's Francolin Francolinus swainsonii, Crested Francolin Francolinus sephaena and Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris, all favoured a mosaic of areas with both cover and open areas with good visibility, and were present in harvestable numbers.---D.E.P. {B910, C914} {ROL #82}

{B508} Guthery, F. S. 1999. The role of free water in Bobwhite management. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 538--542. (Dept. Forestry, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.)---Literature review does not provide strong evidence that adding surface water benefits Colinus virginianus.---W.P.J. {ROL #82}

{B508} Heusmann, H. W. 1999. Let's get rid of the midwinter waterfowl inventory in the Atlantic Flyway. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 559--565. (Massachusetts Div. Fish. Wildl., Westboro, MA 01581, USA.) {E506} {ROL #82}

{B508} Miller, M. R., & D. C. Duncan. 1999. The Northern Pintail in North America: status and conservation needs of a struggling population. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 788--800. (USGS-Biol. Resour. Div., Western Ecol. Res. Ctr., Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA 95620, USA.)---Anas acuta. {ROL #82}

{B508} Rave, D. P. 1999. Do mini-refuges supply wintering Northern Pintails with important diurnal roost sites? Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 897--900. (Minn. Dept. Nat. Resour., Wetland Wildl. Populations & Res. Group, 102 22rd St. NE, Bemidji, MN 56601, USA.)---Author argues that he did not predict Anas acuta would use mini-refuges in greater numbers than other habitats; therefore, he suggests Cox and Afton's (1998, Wildl. Soc. Bull 26:130-137) dismissal of his prediction is unfounded.---W.P.J. {ROL #82}

{B508} Sheaffer, S. E. 1998. Recruitment models for Mallards in eastern North America. Auk 115: 988--997. (New York Coop. Fish & Wildl. Research Unit, Fernow Hall, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; EM: ses11@cornell.edu)---A recruitment index for Anas platyrhynchos was correlated positively with precipitation and negatively with population size.---M.A.L. {C914, C918, E514} {ROL #82}

{B508} Townsend, D. E., II, R. L. Lochmiller, et al. 1999. Using supplemental food and its influence on survival of Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 1074--1081. (Oklahoma Coop. Fish & Wildl. Res. Unit, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.)---Winter survival rates of Colinus virginianus were greater on areas with supplemental feeders.---W.P.J. {ROL #82}

{B508} Twedt, D. J., & C. O. Nelms. 1999. Waterfowl density on agricultural fields managed to retain water in winter. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 924--930. (USGS, Patuxent Wildl. Res. Ctr., 2524 S. Frontage Rd., Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.)---Waterfowl density, including Anas platyrhynchos, was greater in fields under a moist-soil management regime than in rice or soybean fields; Anas clypeata density was greatest in soybean fields.---W.P.J. {ROL #82}

{B509} Lockwood, J. L. 1999. Using taxonomy to predict success among introduced avifauna: Relative importance of transport and establishment. Conserv. Biol. 13: 560--567. (Dept. Ecol. Evol. Biol., 569 Dabney Hall, Univ. Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; EM: tcj@utkux.utk.edu) {ROL #82}

{B509} Sato, S. 2000. [Naturalization of exotic Hwamei in northern Kyushu, Japan.] Japanese Journal of Ornithology 48: 233--235. (Shikoku Res. Ctr., For. & For. Prod. Res. Inst., Asakura-Nishimachi 2-915, Kochi 780-8077, Japan.)---Garrulax canorus. {ROL #82}

{B510} González, J. A. 1999. Effects of harvesting of waterbirds and their eggs by native people in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon. Waterbirds 22: 217--224. (Avenida de Portugal 61-4EC, 32002-Ourense, Spain; EM: jaglez@mail.cosapidata.com.pe)---Use of birds and their eggs near the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve with the latter causing serious losses in some colonies; human disturbance may be a major threat to wading birds of the area.---R.B.C. {B900} {ROL #82}

{B510} Isack, H. A. 1999. The role of culture, traditions and local knowledge in co-operative honey-hunting between man and honeyguide: A case study of Boran community of northern Kenya. Proc. Int. Ornithol. Congr. 22: 1351--1357. (Ethnobiological Research & Documentation Centre, PO Box 163, Marsabit, Kenya)---It appears that the relationship between Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator and man is disappearing for cultural reasons. Predicts implications for the bird.---P.C.L., R.J.D. {D106} {ROL #82}

{B510} van Zegeren, K., & J. G. M. Wilson. 1999. Bird catching around Lake Chilwa, Malawi. Ostrich 70: 246--247. (Chancellor College, Univ. Malawi, PO Box 280, Zomba, Malawi; EM: kvz@rendo.dekooi.nl)---Birds sold as food. Estimated catch from 15 villages is 200,000 birds per annum, main species Dendrocygna bicolor, Gallinula alleni, Gallinula angulata and Rallidae. Additional 10,000 birds, mostly ducks and geese, estimated shot by recreational and professional hunters.---A.J.F.K.C. {B508} {ROL #82}

{B700} Belanger, L., A. Reed, & J. L. Desgranges. 1998. Reproductive variables of American Black Ducks along the St. Lawrence estuary, 1963--1991. Can. J. Zool. 76: 1165--1173. (Environ. Can., Can. Wildl. Serv., 1141 Rt. de l'Eglise, C.P. 10100, Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4H5, Can.)---Anas rubripes nesting date, clutch size, and success vary with habitat.---D.E.F. {C918} {ROL #82}

{B700} Blem, C. R., L. B. Blem, & C. I. Barrientos. 1999. Relationships of clutch size and hatching success to age of female Prothonotary Warblers. Wilson Bull. 111: 577--581. (Dept. Biol., Virginia Commonwealth Univ., 816 Park Ave., Richmond, VA 23284-2012, USA; EM: cblem@saturn.vcu.edu)---First clutches of 1-year-old Protonotaria citrea females were smaller, had more infertile eggs and lower hatching rates than older birds. Mean number of eggs and number of infertile eggs in second clutches were not significantly different among age classes.---J.J.Dos. {C918} {ROL #82}

{B700} Boon, L. A., & C. D. Ankney. 1999. Body size, nest initiation date, and egg production in Ruddy Ducks. Auk 116: 228--231. (Ducks Unlimited, Inc., 3074 Gold Canal Dr., Rancho Cordova, CA 95670, USA; EM: lboon@ducks.org)---Oxyura jamaicensis . {C918} {ROL #82}

{B700} Brewster, C. A. 2000. Breeding of Collared (Red-winged) Pratincoles Glareola pratincola at Shashe dam [Botswana]. Babbler 36: 21. (Private Bag 0024, Bobonong, Botswana.) {ROL #82}

{B700} Campos, A. R., & J. P. Granadeiro. 1999. Breeding biology of the White-faced Storm-Petrel on Selvagem Grande Island, North-east Atlantic. Waterbirds 22: 199--206. (JPG: Inst. Conserv. Nat., Rua Ferreira Lapa 38, 6 E, 1150 Lisboa, Portugal; granadeiro@icn.pt)--- Pelagodroma marina hypoleuca mean incubation period 53.7 days but highly variable and mean nestling period of 60.3; data also on growth, nesting success, causes of nest failure, etc.---R.B.C. {B710, B720, C918} {ROL #82}

{B700} Carlson, P. C., W. S. LaHaye, & A. B. Franklin. 1998. Incestuous behavior in Spotted Owls. Wilson Bull. 110: 562--564. (House 80, Humboldt State Univ., Arcata, CA 95521, USA; EM: axe@humboldt.edu)---Strix occidentalis. {B714} {ROL #82}

{B700} Chmielewski, S., & C. Iwañczuk. 1998. The nesting of Common Gull on the Pilica River [Poland]. Kulon 3: 209--210. (Rynek 12, PL 05 640 Mogielnica, Poland.)---Larus canus. (Short note, Polish, English summ.) {C310} {ROL #82}

{B700} Clarke, R. H., & M. F. Clarke. 2000. The breeding biology of the Crescent Honeyeater Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera at Wilson's Promontory, Victoria. Emu 100: 115--124. (Dept. Zool., La Trobe Univ., Bundoora, Vic. 3083, Australia.)---Results of study of breeding biology of this species. Crescent Honeyeater is unusual among Meliphagidae in being sexually dichromatic and dimorphic. Nonetheless, its breeding biology found to be similar to other honeyeater species.---W.K.S. {B720, B710} {ROL #82}

{B700} Duyck, B., & D. B. McNair. 1991. Notes on egg-laying, incubation, and nestling periods and of food brought to the nest by four species of cavity-nesting birds. Chat 55: 21--29. (53 Merion Dr., Asheville, NC 28806 USA.)---Otus asio, Melanerpes carolinus, Colaptes auratus, Sitta carolinensis. {ROL #82}

{B700} Dyer, P. K. 2000. Wedge-tailed Shearwaters on Mudjimba Island, Queensland: numbers and breeding success. Corella 24: 15--18. (Univ. Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs Dr., Sippy Downs, Qld. 4556, Australia.)---Stratified sample counts of Puffinus pacificus burrows yielded breeding rate of 37% and breeding success of 84%.---I.D.E. {C918} {ROL #82}

{B700} Eberhard, J. R. 1998. Breeding biology of Monk Parakeet. Wilson Bull. 110: 463--473. (Smithsonian Trop. Res. Inst., Unit 0948, APA AA 34002-0948, USA; EM: eberharj@naos.si.edu)--- Myiopsitta monachus builds a stick nest, unique among parrots, and may breed cooperatively.---J.J.Dos. {B706, B716} {ROL #82}

{B700} Frith, D. W., & C. B. Frith. 2000. The nesting biology of the Grey-headed Robin Heteromyias albispecularis (Petroicidae) in Australian upland tropical rainforest. Emu 100: 81--94. ('Prionodura', PO Box 581, Malanda, Qld. 4885, Australia.)---Results of detailed study of breeding ecology from 81 nests.---W.K.S. {B702, B710, B716, B718, B720, C918} {ROL #82}

{B700} Gervais. J. L., & D. K. Rosenberg. 1999. Western Burrowing Owls in California produce second broods of chicks. Wilson Bull. 111: 569--571. (Oregon Coop. Fish Wildl. Res. Unit., Dept. Fish. Wildl., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; EM: gervaisj@ucs.orst.edu)---First evidence of second attempt after successful first brood in Athene cunicularia . Two pair observed with one pair successfully producing 5 additional fledglings.---J.J.Dos. {C918} {ROL #82}

{B700} Haas, C. A. 1998. Effects of prior nesting success on site fidelity and breeding dispersal: an experimental approach. Auk 115: 929--936. (Dept. Fish. Wildl. Sci., Virginia Polytechnic Inst. State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; EM: cahaas@vt.edu)---Low return rates in American Robins, Turdus migratorius, and Brown Thrasher, Toxostoma rufum, are due to previous nesting failure.---A.A.W. {ROL #82}

{B700} Harper, C. A., & J. H. Exum. 1999. Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) renest after successful hatch. Wilson Bull. 111: 426--427. (Dept. For., Wildl Fish., P.O. Box 1071, Univ. Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37901, USA; EM: charper@utk.edu)---First broods fail after hatch. None of 3 renests were successful. Human disturbance caused abandonment.---J.J.Dos. {B708, B710, C918} {ROL #82}

{B700} James, R. D. 1999. Yellow-throated and Blue-headed vireos in Ontario: 5. nestling period, and post-nesting activities. Ontario Birds 17: 14--21. (R.R. 3, Sunderland, ON L0C 1H0, Can.)---Data on behavior of parents and young Vireo flavifrons and Vireo solitarius from hatching to post-fledging, including feeding of young, brooding, nest sanitation, fledging behavior, interactions between young, learning by young to feed, and maintenance behavior. Data on morphometric, behavioral and vocal development of young are presented.---M.K.M. {B304, B308, B320} {ROL #82}

{B700} Kopij, G. 1998. Breeding ecology of the Southern Bald Ibis Geronticus calvus in the Free State, South Africa. Acta Ornith. 33: 99--112. (Dept. Biology, Natl. Univ. Lesotho, P. O. Roma 180, Lesotho, South Africa)---Fledglings/eggs ratio: 18% only.---J.K.P. {ROL #82}

{B700} Kristensen, J., T. J. Kristensen, & K. J. Kristensen. 1999. Eared Grebe nesting and behaviour. Alberta Nat. 29: 44--46. (23324 Township Rd. 515, Sherwood Park, AB T8B 1L1, Can.)---Details on nesting chronology, nest-building behavior, nest-sites, nesting success in relation to water level and other aspects of nesting behavior in colony of Podiceps nigricollis in central Alberta.---M.K.M. {ROL #82}

{B700} Marti, C. D. 1994. Barn Owl reproduction: Patterns and variation near the limit of the species distribution. Condor 96: 468--484. (Dept. Zool., Weber State Univ., Ogden, UT 84408-2505, USA.; EM: cmarti@weber.edu)---Tyto alba in Utah began nesting at one year and produced one brood. First clutches, replacement clutches, and second clutches averaged 7.17 (n=275), 5.81 (n=16) and 5.79 (n=19), respectively. Successful nests produced 5.09, 4.94, and 3.60 young, respectively. 63% of eggs laid hatched, 55% produced fledglings, 13 Mar mean date of clutch initiation, latest 2nd clutches hatched 4 Oct. Snow cover and low winter temperatures delayed onset of breeding.---R.B.C. {C918} {ROL #82}

{B700} Mermoz, M. E., & J. C. Reboreda. 1998. Nesting success in Brown-and-yellow Marshbirds: effects of timing, nest site, and brood parasitism. Auk 115: 871--878. (Inst. de Biol. y Medicina Exp. (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; EM: mermoz@proteus.dna.uba.ar)---Nest survival rate in Pseudoleistes virescens (0.133) varied by initiation month, nesting stage, and substrate plant species, but not by presence of parasitism.---M.A.L. {C918} {ROL #82}

{B700} Morrison, J. L. 1998. Effects of double brooding on productivity of Crested Caracaras. Auk 115: 979--987. (Dept. Wildl. Ecol. Conserv., P.O. Box 110430, Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; EM: jlmorr106@aol.com)---Caracara plancus. {ROL #82}

{B700} Pearson, S. F., & S. Rohwer. 1998. Influence of breeding phenology and clutch size on hybridization between Hermit and Townsend's warblers. Auk 115: 739--745. (Dept. Zool., P.O. Box 118525, Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; EM: spearson@zoo.ufl.edu)---Breeding phenology does not seem to influence competition among Dendroica occidentalis , Dendroica townsendi, and their hybrids. However, Dendroica townsendi has larger clutch than Dendroica occidentalis, suggesting hybrids may be inferior to both.---A.A.W. {D508} {ROL #82}

{B700} Post, W. 1998. Advantages of coloniality in female Boat-tailed Grackles. Wilson Bull. 110: 489--496. (Charleston Mus., 360 Meeting St., Charleston, SC 29403, USA; EM: grackler@aol.com)--- Quiscalus major reproductive success was lower for solitary females than colony-nesting birds. Success is related to extrinsic factors rather than to differences in female quality.---J.J.Dos. {B314, C918} {ROL #82}

{B700} Roberts, C., & C. J. Norment. 1999. Effects of plot size and habitat characteristics on breeding success of Scarlet Tanagers. Auk 116: 73--82. (CJN: Dept. Biol. Sci., SUNY Coll. Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420, USA; EM: cnorment@starfish.acs.brockport.edu)---Breeding success of Piranga olivacea was affected by patch size and habitat characteristics; absent from areas < 10 ha, fledgling success increased with area, and higher pairing success occurred in patches with high canopy cover and low density of oaks.---A.A.W. {C918} {ROL #82}

{B700} Rose, R. E., & M. C. Rose. 1999. Observations of nesting Eurasian Collared-Doves (Streptopelia decaocto ) in Gulf Breeze, Florida. Alabama Birdlife 45(1): 1--3. (200 Pensacola Beach Rd. #1-3, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA.)---Reports observations of nest-building, incubation, hatching, development of young, and fledging during 41-day period.---J.B.O. {B702, B710, B716, B718, B720} {ROL #82}

{B700} Safford, R. J. 1997. The annual cycle and breeding behaviour of the Mauritius Fody Foudia rubra. Ostrich 68: 58--67. (R. Holloway Inst. Env. Res., Huntersdale, Callow Hill, Virginia Water, Surrey GU25 4LN, UK; EM: r.safford@rhbnc.ac.uk)---Pairs occupied exclusive territories throughout the year. Apparently monogamous; both sexes built the nest. Female incubated and brooded, male shared in feeding young. Diet of insects, nectar and fruit.---A.J.F.K.C. {ROL #82}

{B700} Sanz, J. J. 1998. Effects of geographic location and habitat on breeding parameters of Great Tits. Auk 115: 1034--1051. (Depto. Ecología Evolutiva, Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat., José Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain; EM: mcns111@fresno.csic.es)--- Parus major. {ROL #82}

{B700} Scharf, W. C. 1999. Black Tern nesting colonies and habitats in marshes of the St. Mary's River, Michigan. Michigan Birds Nat. Hist. 6: 65--73. (760 Kingston Ct., Traverse City, MI 49684, USA.)---Data on 254 Chlidonias niger nests from 1989--1991.---J.A.C. {ROL #82}

{B700} Scheuerlein, A., & E. Gwinner. 1999. Proximate and ultimate aspects of photoperiodic sensitivity in equatorial Stonechats Saxicola torquata axillaris. Proc. Int. Ornithol. Congr. 22: 1756-1766. (Bir Research Centre for Ornithology of the Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Von-der-Tannstrasse 7, 82346 Andechs, Germany, fax 0049 8152 37333; EM: scheuerlein@erl.ornithol.mpg.de) {ROL #82}

{B700} Soler, M., et al. 1994. Activity, survival independence and migration of fledgling Great Spotted Cuckoos. Condor 96: 802--805. (Dept. Biol. Anim. Ecol., Fac. Ciencias, Univ. de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.; EM: msoler@goliat.ugr.es)---63.2% of fledgling Clamator glandarius in Spain survived to independence with post-fledging dependence periods of 25--29 days = 33.2, n=25); fledgling groups depart suddenly and migrate independently of adults.---R.B.C. {B308, B704} {ROL #82}

{B700} Steyn, P. 1999. The breeding biology of the Scimitarbilled Woodhoopoe. Ostrich 70: 173--178. (PO Box 54, Newlands 7725, S. Africa.)---Rhinopomastus cyanomelas breeding season in Zimbabwe from Aug--Dec. Clutch 2--4 (mean 2.9), female fed by male while incubating for 13--14 days. During nestling period of 21--24 days, male brought food for chicks, but delivered it to female. No evidence of helpers.---A.J.F.K.C. {ROL #82}

{B700} Van Zyl, A. J. 1999. Breeding biology of the Common Kestrel in southern Africa (32°S) compared to studies in Europe (53°N). Ostrich 70: 127--132. (Dept. Birds, Transvaal Mus., PO Box 413, Pretoria 0001, S. Africa.)---Falco tinnunculus rupicola showed breeding density comparable to European birds, but clutch size smaller (3.2 vs. 4.4). Incubation (26 days), nestling (30--31 days) and post-fledging periods (32--39 days) also similar to northern race. Only clutch size fitted predictions of life-history theory over latitudinal gradients.---A.J.F.K.C. {ROL #82}

{B700} Volponi, S. 1999. Reproduction of a newly-established population of the Great Cormorant in northeastern Italy. Waterbirds 22: 263--273. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy; EM: svolponi@racine.ra.it)---Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis populations steadily increasing in the Po Valley with high-level reproductive parameters usually found in newly-established colonies.---R.B.C. {C914} {ROL #82}

{B700} Wasilewski, R. L., & R. Koval. 1999. Successful nesting by Wyoming Valley [Pennsylvania] Peregrine Falcons. PA Birds 13: 169--171. (No address given.)---Details of a complete breeding cycle of Falco peregrinus in 1999, in which three young fledged.---P.D.H. {Falconiformes, Falconidae, B716, B718, B720) {ROL #82}

{B700} Winter, M. 1999. Nesting biology of Dickcissels and Henslow's Sparrows in southwestern Missouri prairie fragments. Wilson Bull. 111: 515--527. (611 Winston Ct., Apt. 4, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; EM: mwinte02@syr.edu)---Spiza americana might reproduce less successfully and have higher rates of Molothrus ater parasitism than Ammodramus henslowii and be of higher conservation concern.---J.J.Dos. {B704, B904, B908, C918} {ROL #82}

{B702} Brodin, A., O. Olsson, & C. W. Clark. 1998. Modeling the breeding cycle of long-lived birds: why do King Penguins try to breed to late? Auk 115: 767--771. (Dept. Ecol., Div. Theoretical Ecol., Ecol. Bldg., S-223 62 Lund, Sweden; EM: anders.brodin@teorekol.lu.se)---In Aptenodytes patagonicus, late breeding attempts reduce annual adult survival by such a small amount (~1%) that an optimal lifetime reproductive success strategy includes them when their probability of success is as low as 0.045.---M.A.L. {C910} {ROL #82}

{B702} Castell, P. 1999. Notes on the breeding biology of Raso Lark Alauda razae. Bull. Afr. Bird Club 6: 103--106. (679 Chester Rd, Great Sutton, S. Wirral L66 2LN, UK.) {ROL #82}

{B702} Claffey, P. 1998. New breeding records of Verreaux's Eagle Owl Bubo lacteus in Bénin, West Africa. Bull. Afr. Bird Club 5: 127. (B.P. 302, Parakou, Benin; EM: claffey.patrick@usa.net) {ROL #82}

{B702} Crawford, R. J. M., B. M. Dyer, & L. Upfold. 1999. Seasonal pattern of breeding by Cape and Crowned Cormorants off western South Africa. Ostrich 70: 193--195. (Marine and Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012, S. Africa; EM: crawford@sfri.wcape.gov.za)--- Phalacrocorax capensis breeds primarily from Sept--Feb, Phalacrocorax coronatus from Dec--Mar. Both species may also breed throughout the year.---A.J.F.K.C. {ROL #82}

{B702} Johnstone, R. E., & N. Kolichis. 1999. First description of the nest and eggs of the Black Grasswren Amytornis housei (Milligan) with notes on breeding. Records of the Western Australian Museum 19: 259--265. (West. Aust. Mus., Francis St., Perth, WA 6000, Australia.)---Details of ten nests and four clutches are given.---M.G.B. {B710, B716} {ROL #82}

{B702} Ralph, C. J., & S. G. Fancy. 1994. Timing of breeding and molting in six species of Hawaiian Honeycreepers. Condor 96: 151--161. (U.S. For. Serv., Redwood Sci. Lab., 1700 Bayview Dr., Arcata, CA 95521, USA.)---Himatione sanguinea, Vestiaria coccinea, Hemignathus virens, Oreomystis mana, Loxops coccineus, and Hemignathus munroi on island of Hawaii all had extended breeding and molting periods with peak breeding Apr--Jul and peak molting in Aug.---R.B.C. {B904, E114} {ROL #82}

{B702} Smith, K. G., et al. 1999. Additional records of fall and winter nesting by Killdeer in southern United States. Wilson Bull. 111: 424--426. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; EM: kgsmith@comp.uark.edu)---Successful Charadrius vociferus nesting in October and November, attempt in December.---J.J.Dos. {ROL #82}

{B702} Walk, J. W., T. L. Esker, & S. A. Simpson. 1999. Continuous nesting of Barn Owls in Illinois. Wilson Bull. 111: 572--573. (Univ. Illinois, Dept. Nat. Resour. Environ. Sci., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; EM: j-walk@uiuc.edu)---Tyto alba laying, incubation and brood-rearing were attempted in every month of the year. Owls in nest box hatched 5 clutches and fledged young from 4 within 23 months.---J.J.Dos. {B716, C318} {ROL #82}

{B702} Young, B. E. 1994. The effects of food, nest predation and weather on the timing of breeding in tropical House Wrens. Condor 96: 341--353. (Organ. para Estud. Trop., Apdo 676-2050, San Pedro, Costa Rica.)---Costa Rican Troglodytes aedon breeding timed so that juvenile dispersal and molt occurring when food most plentiful; only at 1 of 4 sites, the highest, did egg-laying wait until the early dry season and subsiding mists.---R.B.C. {C906, C918} {ROL #82}

{B704} Brush, T. 2000. Bronzed Cowbirds ( Molothrus aeneus) still parasitize Hooded Orioles (Icterus cucullatus ) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Bull. Texas Ornithol. Soc. 33(1): 9--11. (Dept. Bio., Univ. Texas-Pan American, 1201 W. Univ. Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.)---From 1994-1998 Hooded Orioles were observed to most frequently raise Bronzed Cowbirds even though the population of this host is very small and dispersed.---J.B.O. {ROL #82}

{B704} Davies, N. B. 1999. Cuckoos and cowbirds versus hosts: Co-evolutionary lag and equilibrium. Ostrich 70: 71--79. (Dept. Zoo., Univ. Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; EM: n.b.davies@zoo.cam.ac.uk)---Many hosts accept non-mimetic eggs. Variation in host acceptance may reflect a mixture of systems at equilibrium, and those showing evolutionary lag.---A.J.F.K.C. {ROL #82}

{B704} Dufty, A. M., Jr. 1994. Rejection of foreign eggs by Yellow-headed Blackbirds. Condor 96: 799--801. (Biol. Dept., Boise State Univ., Boise, ID 83725, USA; EM: adufty@email.boisestate.edu)---One egg removed and replaced with egg of Agelaius phoeniceus in 19 nests of Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus in Idaho. Red-winged Blackbird eggs disappeared from Yellow-head nests in 5 of 25 instances but acceptance was higher later in incubation.---R.B.C. {ROL #82}

{B704} Dugger, B. D., L. C. Bollmann, & L. H. Fredrickson. 1999. Response of female Hooded Mergansers to eggs of an interspecific brood parasite. Auk 116: 269--273. (Coop. Wild. Res. Lab, South. Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; EM: bdugger@siu.edu)---Lophodytes cucullatus females removed Aix sponsa eggs from nests more often than conspecific parasitic additions.---A.D.F. {ROL #82}

{B704} Grzybowski, J. A., & C. M. Pease. 1999. A model of the dynamics of cowbirds and their host communities. Auk 116: 209--222. (Coll. Math. Sci., Univ. Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA; EM: grzybow@aix1.ucok.edu)---Molothrus spp. {ROL #82}

{B704} Hauber, M. E., & S. A. Russo. 2000. Perch proximity correlates with higher rates of cowbird parasitism of ground nesting Song Sparrows. Wilson Bull. 112: 150--153. (Field Neurobiol. Behav., Seeley G. Mudd Hall, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; EM: meh20@cornell.edu)--- Melospiza melodia, Molothrus ater. {ROL #82}

{B704} Hébert, P. N.. 1999. Evidence of egg ejection in Mountain Bluebirds. Wilson Bull. 111: 440--442. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Can.; EM: phebert@cc.umanitoba.ca)---First recorded interspecific egg removal by bluebird species. Sialia currucoides rejects Passer domesticus egg.---J.J.Dos. {ROL #82}

{B704} Kozlovic, D. R. 1998. Parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds and productivity of House Finch hosts. Can. J. Zool. 76: 1714--1721. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Can.)--- Molothrus ater reduced Carpodacus mexicanus by about one offspring per nest.---D.E.F. {ROL #82}

{B704} Mermoz