Sponsored by the American Ornithologists' Union, the British Ornithologists' Union, and Birds Australia
January 2001
CONTENTS
| Subject heading | Code |
| Avian biology & life history | |
| General or Worldwide | B102 |
| Africa, sub-Saharan & Madagascar | B104 |
| Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand | B108 |
| Europe & Iceland | B110 |
| Mexico, Central America, & Caribbean | B112 |
| North Africa & Middle East | B116 |
| North America & Greenland | B118 |
| Northern Hemisphere | B122 |
| Oceanic islands not incl. elsewhere | B124 |
| Oriental (India, SE Asia, Indonesia,Philippines) | B128 |
| South America | B130 |
| Behavior & communication | B300 |
| Agonistic, aggressive & defensive behavior | B302 |
| Learning, memory, & intelligence | B304 |
| Locomotion (Flight, swimming, walking, etc) | B306 |
| Self-maintenance (Daily time budget, preening, bathing, anting, roosting) | B308 |
| Sensory perception (Auditory, magnetic, olfactory, tactile, visual sensing) | B310 |
| Sexual behavior (Courtship, pair bonding, copulation) | B312 |
| Social and interspecific behavior (Colonial behavior, social organization) | B314 |
| Territoriality & home range | B316 |
| Visual signals | B318 |
| Vocalizations & other sounds | B320 |
| Birds & humans | B500 |
| Collisions & other artificial fatalities | B502 |
| Damage to crops or fisheries | B504 |
| Gamebird management & hunting | B508 |
| Introduced species (non-game) | B509 |
| Uses of birds by humans | B510 |
| Breeding habits | B700 |
| Breeding schedule & dates | B702 |
| Brood parasitism , egg dumping, & foster parenting | B704 |
| Cooperative or communal breeding | B706 |
| Effects of human studies or presence | B708 |
| Eggs & incubation, including egg physiology & morphology | B710 |
| Extra-pair mating, paternity | B712 |
| Mating systems, sex ratio | B714 |
| Nesting habitat, nest site, & structure | B716 |
| Parental care & feeding | B718 |
| Young, from hatching to fledging (Growth & Development) | B720 |
| Conservation | B900 |
| Captives (Maintenance, rehabilitation, & release) | B902 |
| Declining & endangered species | B904 |
| Education programs, politics, planning | B906 |
| Effects of human disturbance or environmental changes | B908 |
| Habitat protection & management; importance of non-breeding habitats | B910 |
| Species protection & recovery | B912 |
| Wild bird trade | B914 |
| Diseases, parasites, & pathology | |
| Diseases & disease transmission | C102 |
| Parasites: external & internal | C104 |
| Distribution & avifaunas | |
| Africa, sub-Saharan & Madagascar | C304 |
| Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand | C308 |
| Europe & Iceland | C310 |
| Mexico, Central America, & Caribbean | C312 |
| North America & Greenland | C318 |
| Northern Asia & Far East | C320 |
| Oceanic islands not incl. elsewhere | C324 |
| Oriental (India, SE Asia, Indonesia, Philippines) | C328 |
| South America | C330 |
| Documentation | C700 |
| Bibliographies, databases, & atlases | C702 |
| Biographies, obituaries, & history | C704 |
| Collecting & collections, taxonomic specimens | C706 |
| Terminology | C708 |
| Ecology, environment, & populations | C900 |
| Biocides & pollution | C902 |
| Birds as environmental monitors | C904 |
| Climate & weather effects | C906 |
| Habitat change, selection, & use; community structure, habitat suitability models | C908 |
| Impacts by birds on their environment | C909 |
| Life span & survivorship | C910 |
| Mortality causes | C912 |
| Population numbers, censuses, trends, & dynamics | C914 |
| Predation & predators | C916 |
| Reproductive effort & productivity | C918 |
| Site fidelity & dispersal | C920 |
| Species composition & competition; biodiversity | C922 |
| Trophic levels, energy cycles, & related relationships | C924 |
| Winter and migration habitat & habits | C926 |
| Evolution & systematics | |
| Classification & phylogeny | D103 |
| Evolutionary patterns, rates, & processes: species or higher taxa | D105 |
| Co-evolution or interaction between avian and non-avian species | D106 |
| Intraspecific variation | D108 |
| New and rediscovered taxa | D110 |
| Taxonomy & nomenclature | D114 |
| Food habits & nutrition | |
| Diet, food selection, & nutrition | D302 |
| Drinking, pellet-casting, & defecation | D304 |
| Foraging habits, food transport, storage | D306 |
| Kleptoparasitism | D308 |
| Genetics & hybridization | D500 |
| Behavioral and population genetics | D502 |
| Genetic polymorphism, cytogenetics and molecular genetics | D504 |
| Hybrids & progeny | D508 |
| Identification | |
| Species and subspecies identification | D702 |
| Sex or age class identification | D704 |
| Migration & navigation | D900 |
| Migratory behavior | D902 |
| Migratory dates, timing, counts, & routes | D904 |
| Migratory physiology | D906 |
| Navigation & homing | D908 |
| Morphology & physiology | |
| Abnormal external appearance | E101 |
| Circulatory and lymphatic systems | E102 |
| Digestive system | E104 |
| Endocrine system & hormones | E108 |
| Excretory system & water metabolism (Urinary structures, nasal glands) | E110 |
| Integument (Feathers, molts, plumages, integumentary structures, skin) | E114 |
| General morphology (Body size, sexual dimorphism, regional morphology) | E116 |
| Physiology & biochemistry (Body composition, day length effects, energy metabolism, lipid physiology, protein physiology) | E118 |
| Reproductive system & physiology | E120 |
| Respiratory system | E122 |
| Sensory & nervous system | E124 |
| Skeletomuscular system | E126 |
| Paleornithology | |
| Jurassic & Cretaceous fossils | E302 |
| Paleocene, Eocene, & Oligocene fossils | E304 |
| Pleistocene & Holocene fossils & subfossils | E308 |
| Techniques | |
| Biochemical or biophysical assay | E502 |
| Captive breeding, care, & rehabilitation | E504 |
| Censuses, maps, & surveys | E506 |
| Environmental monitoring | E508 |
| Feeding methods and diet analysis | E509 |
| Field methods not included elsewhere | E510 |
| Genetic methods | E512 |
| Mathematical models | E514 |
| Nesting studies | E515 |
| Photographic & video documentation | E516 |
| Physiological methods | E518 |
| Predator and nuisance control | E520 |
| Sound recording | E522 |
| Tracking & remote monitoring | E524 |
| Trapping, netting, banding, & marking | E526 |
Acknowledgments: We appreciate the work of the following abstractors
who contributed to this issue: Luis J. Alberto, Rob T. Barrett, Peter H.
Becker, PRB [unknown abstractor], William E. Davis, Jr., Robert J. Dowsett,
Kevin Eddings, Ian Endersby, David L. Evans, John R. Faaborg, David E.
Fatina, William M. Gilbert, Paul A. Grindrot, George A. Hall, Jo-Ann Jennier,
William P. Johnson, Richard F. Johnston, Michael J. Justice, Anthony L.
Lang, Sheriden N. Leckie, Gina C. Levesque, Martin K. McNicholl, Robert
W. Nero, G. Olioso, John M. Peter, James R. Phillips, Ghislain Rompre,
Ian Rowley, Edward I. Saiff, Jay M. Sheppard, Will Steele, Angela K. Turner,
Mutsuyuki Ueta, Tomasz Wesolowski.
Serials: The following serials are represented by abstracts in this issue:
Acarologia 40 (2000)
Alberta Naturalist 28 (1998)
Alytes R.E.C.N. 5--8 (1991, 1993, 1995, 1996)
American Birds 43 (1989)
American Naturalist 151–153 (1998, 1999)
Animal Behaviour 56--58 (1998, 1999)
Ardeola 42--46 (1995--1999)
Australian Bird Watcher 18 (1999)
Australian Entomologist 26 (1999)
Australian Zoologist 31 (1999)
Biotropica 29 (1997)
Bird Conservation International 9 (1999)
Bird Observer (Massachusetts) 27 (1999)
Birders Journal 8 (1999)
Birds Australia Report Series 5, 6, 7 (1999)
Blue Jay 52, 56, 57 (1994, 1998, 1999)
British Columbia Birds 6, 7 (1996, 1997)
Bulletin of the Kansas Ornithological Society 42, 49, 50 (1991, 1998, 1999)
Canadian Field-Naturalist 113 (1999)
Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, 75 (1996, 1997)
Condor 100–102 (1998–2000)
Conservation Biology 11, 12 (1995, 1996)
Corella 23 (1999)
Current Ornithology 9, 12–14 (1992, 1995–1997)
Doñana A. Vert. 21--24 (1994–1997)
Ecología 9, 12 (1995, 1998)
Emu 99 (1999), 100 (2000)
Environmental Pollution 91, 92, 95--97 (1996, 1997)
Faune de Provence 19 (1998)
Forktail 15 (1999)
Gli Uccelli d'Italia 20, 21 (1995, 1996)
Journal für Ornithologie 140, 141 (1999, 2000)
Journal of Avian Biology 30 (1999)
Journal of Parasitology 85 (1999)
Journal of Raptor Research 32–34 (1998–2000)
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 35, 36 (1999, 2000)
Kukila 10 (1998)
La Garcilla 93, 95, 96 (1995, 1996)
Landscope 13 (1998), 15 (1999)
Loon 71 (1999)
Miscellania Zoologica 17--21 (1993--1998)
New Jersey Birds 25, 26 (1999, 2000)
Notatki Ornitologiczne 39, 40 (1998, 1999)
Ontario Birds 16 (1998)
Ontario Field Ornithologist (1998)
Oriental Bird Club Bulletin 27, 28 (1998), 29, 30 (1999)
Ornithos 6 (1999)
Passenger Pigeon 60, 61 (1998, 1999)
Queensland Naturalist 37 (1999)
Redstart 64, 65 (1997, 1998)
Science 285, 286 (1999)
Stilt 34, 35 (1999)
Strix 18 (2000)
Tichodroma 9, 10 (1996, 1997)
U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Forest Service, PSW-GTR-120, 124, 144 (1990, 1993)
U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Forest Service, NC-GTR-190 (1997)
U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Forest Service, RM-GTR-229 (1993)
Victorian Naturalist 116 (1999)
Wetlands 19 (1999)
Wildlife Society Bulletin 27 (1999)
{B104} Fjeldsa, J. 1999. The impact of human forest disturbance
on the endemic avifauna of the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. Bird Conserv.
Int. 9: 47--62. (Ctr. Trop. Biodiversity, Zool. Mus., Universitetsparken
15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; EM: jfjeldsaa@zmuc.ku.dk)---Avian communities
in adjacent mature and disturbed forests compared; Model design presented
for other studies needing quantitative data but facing logistical constraints
during exploratory visits to areas of difficult access.---K.J.E. {B900,
C900} {ROL #81}
{B104} Seddon, N., et al. 1999. Notes on the ecology and conservation status of key bird species in Nilo and Nguu North Forest Reserves, Tanzania. Bird Conserv. Int. 9: 9--28. (Dept. Zool., Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.) {B904, C908} {ROL #81}
{B104} Virani, M., & R. T. Watson. 1998. Raptors in the east African tropics and western Indian Ocean islands: state of ecological knowledge and conservation status. J. Raptor Res. 32: 28--39. (The Peregrine Fund, 566 W. Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709, USA.) {B904, C908} {ROL #81}
{B108} Daugherty, C. H., M. Williams, & J. M. Hay. 1999. Genetic differentiation, taxonomy and conservation of Australasian teals Anas spp. Bird Conserv. Int. 9: 29--42. (Dept. Biol., Pennsylvania St. Univ., 208 Mueller Lab., Univ. Pk., PA. 16802 USA.)---Analysis of genetic variation supports specific status of the 3 New Zealand teals (Anas chlorotis, Anas auklandica, Anas nesiotis) and increased conservation effort for each.---K.J.E. {B900, D114} {ROL #81}
{B108} Mooney, N. 1998. Status and conservation of raptors in Australia’s tropics. J. Raptor Res. 32: 64--73. (Parks and Wildl. Serv., GPO Box 44A, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.) {B900} {ROL #81}
{B108} Olsen, J., & S. Trost. 1997. Territorial and nesting behavior in Southern Boobook (Ninox novaeseelandiae). USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 308--313. (Appl. Ecol. Res. Group, Fac. Educ., Univ. Canberra, PO Box 1, Belconnen, ACT 2616, Australia.)---First study of color-marked individuals of this species made during 1993--1997 differed from previous behavior accounts.---J.M.S. {B320, B302, B316, B702, B714, B718, C920} {ROL #81}
{B110} Blanco, G., et al. 1996. Breeding phenology and productivity of ducks in rivers of the Tajo Valley [Spain]. Ardeola 43 (1): 31--39. (Depto. Biol. Anim., Univ. Alacalá de Henares, E-28871 Madrid, España.) {B702, C918} {ROL #81}
{B110} Bort, J., & M. Surroca. 1995. Study of the breeding behaviour of the Montagu's Harrier, Circus pygargus, and first data on migration in the province of Castellón [Spain]. Alytes R.E.C.N. 7: 297--316. (G.E.R. Obispo Rocamora 37-2º A. E-12540. Villa Real, Castellón, España.) {B904} {ROL #81}
{B110} Coles, C. F., & S. J. Petty. 1997. Dispersal behavior and survival of juvenile Tawny Owls (Strix aluco) during the low point in a vole cycle. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 111--118. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Durham, Sci. Lab., South Rd., Durham DH1 3L3, UK.)---Radio-tracking data are discussed in relation to survival, movement patterns, food resources, and habitat preferences of juvenile owls.---J.M.S. (C910, C920} {ROL #81}
{B110} Costillo, E., C. Corbacho, & A. López. 1995. Status, phenology and habitat selection of the Marsh Harrier, Circus aeruginosus, in the mid Guadiana basin [Spain]. Alytes R.E.C.N. 7: 73--77. (Biol. Anim. Univ. Extremadura. Avda. de Elvas s/n. E-06071 Badajoz, España.) {ROL #81}
{B110} Fernández-Palacios, J., & C. Raya. 1993. The Crested Coot (Fulica cristata, Gmelin 1789) in the lower basin of Guadalquivir (Spain): Status and biology. Alytes R.E.C.N. 6: 159--185. (Junta Andalucía, Agencia Medio Ambiente, Avda. Eritaña, 1, E-41071 Sevilla, España.) {ROL #81}
{B110} Lorenzo G., J. A., & J. González D. 1993. [Data on the biology of the last breeding population of the Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) in the province of Sta. Cruz de Tenerife {Canary Islands, Spain}, with a view to its future protection and conservation.] Alytes R.E.C.N. 6: 199--219. (Depto. Zool., Fac. Biol., Univ. La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, España.) {B904, B912} {ROL #81}
{B110} Mancuso, C & A. Ceruso. 1997. The Bee-eater Merops apiaster in the Province of Salerno [Italy]. Gli Uccelli d`Italia 22 (1): 39--44. (Via Zoccoli, 9 Salerno, Italy.) {ROL #81}
{B110} Martín A., M. 1993. [The White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) in Barcarrota, Badajoz {Spain}.] Alytes R.E.C.N. 6: 45--50. (Olivo 8, E-06160 Barcarrota, Badajoz, España.) {ROL #81}
{B110} Mazzone, A. 1996. The result of a biennial research on the Red-rumped Swallow, Hirundo daurica, in Basilicata [Italy]. Gli Uccelli d’Italia 21 (1): 75--77. (Via Sta. Teresa, 7. I-75019 Tricarico, MT, Italy). {ROL #81}
{B110} Navarro, J. D., F. Robledano, & A. Green. 1995. [The Marbled Teal, Marmaronetta angustirostris.] La Garcilla 93: 24--28. (C/O S.E.O., Ctra. de Húmera, 63, 1, E-28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, España.) {ROL #81}
{B110} Nystrom, K. G. K. 1997. Food density, song rate, and body condition in territory-establishing Willow Warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus). Can. J. Zool. 75: 47--58. (Karlbergsvagen 71B, S-113 35 Stockholm, Sweden.) {C900, B320, E118} {ROL #81}
{B110} Paracuellos R., M., et al. 1993. [Annual phenology of the ornithofauna in the saline marshes of Guardias Viejas {Spain}. Ornithological quality.] Alytes R.E.C.N. 6: 317--333. (Zurbarán, 2-1ºB, E-04770 Adra, Almería, España.) {ROL #81}
{B110} Pilard, P. H., & L. Brun. 1998. [Breeding of the Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni in Crau, south-east France and management of breeding sites.] Faune de Provence 19: 43--50. (3 rue Marc Antoine, F-13104 Mas Thibert, France.)---48 pairs in 1997. Various type of nest-boxes. (French, English summ.)---G.O. {B912} {ROL #81}
{B110} Rodríguez, F., & A. Moreno. 1996. [The Teide Finch, Fringilla teydea.] La Garcilla 95: 24--26. (C/O S.E.O., Ctra. de Húmera, 63, 1, E-28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, España.) {ROL #81}
{B110} Sanchéz, J. A., et al. 1995. Distribution, status and notes on the biology of the Montagu's Harrier, Circus pygargus, in Alicante and Murcia [Spain]. Alytes R.E.C.N. 7: 339--348. (Depto. Biol. Anim. y Ecol., Univ. Murcia, Murcia, España.) {ROL #81}
{B110} Sergio, F., & A. Boto. 1999. Nest dispersion, diet, and breeding success of Black Kites (Milvus migrans) in the Italian pre-Alps. J. Raptor Res. 33: 207--217. (Edward Grey Inst. Field Ornithol., Dept. Zool., South Parks Road, Oxford 0X1 3PS, U.K.) {B716, D302, C918} {ROL #81}
{B110} Siverio, F., & J. Carrillo. 1993. [Habitat and reproduction of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in Tenerife {Canary Islands, Spain}]. Alytes R.E.C.N. 6: 231--240. (Rodelundvej 12, Rodelund, DK-8653 Them, Denmark.) {ROL #81}
{B110} Swaddle, J. P., & M. S. Witter. 1997. The effects of molt on the flight performance, body mass, and behavior of European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris): an experimental approach. Can. J. Zool. 75: 1135--1146. (Div. Environ. & Evol. Biol., Inst. Biomed. & Life Sci., The Graham Kerr Bldg., Univ. Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.) {E114, B306, D302} {ROL #81}
{B110} Swaddle, J. P., & M. S. Witter. 1997. Food availability and primary feather molt in European Starlings, Sturnus vulgaris. Can. J. Zool. 75: 948--953. (Div. Environ. & Evol. Biol., Inst. Biomed. & Life Sci., The Graham Kerr Bldg., Univ. Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.) {D302, E114} {ROL #81}
{B110} Tishechkin, A. K. 1997. Comparative food niche analysis of the Strix owls in Belarus. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 456--460. (Dept. Biol. Sci., 402 Life Sci. Bldg., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1710, USA.)---Strix nebulosa, Strix uralensis, Strix aluco.---J.M.S. {D302} {ROL #81}
{B110} Tishechkin, A. K., et al. 1997. Breeding population of the Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) in Belarus: Summary of recent knowledge. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 449--455. (Inst. Zool., Belarusian Sci. Acad., ul.F.Skoriny 27, 220090 Minsk, Belarus.)---Population of 50-100 pairs isolated by several hundred km from nearest known conspecifics.---J.M.S. {ROL #81}
{B112} Gerhardt, R. P., & D. M. Gerhardt. 1997. Size, dimorphism, and related characteristics of Ciccaba owls from Guatemala. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 190--196. (341 NE Chestnut, Madras, OR 97741, USA.)---Results are at odds with important assumptions or predictions of numerous hypotheses regarding the evolution of reversed size dimorphism in owls. Ciccaba virgata, Ciccaba nigrolineata.---J.M.S. {B714, D704, E116} {ROL #81}
{B112} Schulze, M. D., et al. 2000. Behavior, diet, and breeding biology of Double-toothed Kites at a Guatemalan lowland site. Condor 102: 113--126. (Dept. Biol., 208 Mueller Lab, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA 16802, USA; EM: mds11@psu.edu)---Harpagus bidentatus. {Neotropical forest, raptor, B300, B700, D302} {ROL #81}
{B112} Seavy, N. E., & R. P. Gerhardt. 1998. Breeding biology and nestling diet of the Great Black-Hawk. J. Raptor Res. 32: 175--177. (17142 Lemolo Shr. Dr. N.E., Poulsbo, WA 98370, USA.)---Buteogallus urubitinga. {B700, B718} {ROL #81}
{B112} Winker, K., et al. 1997. Periodic migration and lowland forest refugia in a "sedentary" Neotropical bird, Wetmore’s Bush-Tanager. Conserv. Biol. 11: 692--697. (Univ. Alaska Mus., 907 Yukon Dr., Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.)---Chlorospingus ophthalmicus wetmorei. {D902} {ROL #81}
{B116} Clouet, M., C. Barrau, & J.-L. Goar. 1999. The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Balé Mountains, Ethiopia. J. Raptor Res. 33: 102--109. (16 Avenue des Charmettes, 31500 Toulouse, France.)---Also Aquila verreauxii.---P.A.G. {ROL #81}
{B116} Yosef, R., J. Boulos, & O. Tubbeshat. 1999. The Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) at Dana Nature Reserve, Jordan. J. Raptor Res. 33: 341--342. (Int. Birding and Res. Ctr. in Eilat, P.O. Box 774, Eilat 88000, Israel.) {ROL #81}
{B118} Anonymous. 1999. Erratum. Diet composition and reproductive success of Mexican Spotted Owls. J. Raptor Res. 33: 273. (No address given)---Correction of an error in the paper J. Raptor Res. 33(2): 143--148. At p. 143, 3rd sentence of abstract should read "This was contrary to previously observed diet patterns in Northern (Strix occidentalis caurina) and California Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis). Mammals comprised 88.2% of the dietary biomass in Arizona and 94.0% in New Mexico."---P.A.G. {C918, D302} {ROL #81}
{B118} Frank, R. A., & R. S. Lutz. 1997. Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) productivity and home range characteristics in a shortgrass prairie. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 185--189. (Dept. Wildl. Ecol., Univ. Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA.)---Study in Colorado of breeding owls with radios over 3 nesting seasons.---J.M.S. {B316, C918} {ROL #81}
{B118} Kristensen, J., K. J. Kristensen, & T. J. Kristensen. 1998. Great Horned and Short-eared owls at Bretona Pond. Alberta Nat. 28: 14--15. (23224 Township 515, Sherwood Park, AB T8B 1L1, Can.)---Behavioral and ecological notes on Bubo virginianus and Asio flammeus in Alberta, notably one Bubo virginianus hunting diurnally as frequently as nocturnally.---M.K.M. {D302} {ROL #81}
{B118} Mahony, N., E. Nol, & T. Hutchinson. 1997. Food-chain chemistry, reproductive success, and foraging behaviour of songbirds in acidified maple forests of central Ontario. Can. J. Zool. 75: 509--517. (76 Foster Ave., Guelph, ON. N1H 3B3, Can.)---Success of Poecile atricapillus and Dendroica pensylvanica in relation to food chain chemistry.---D.E.F. {C924, C918, D306} {ROL #81}
{B118} Marti, C. D. 1997. Flammulated Owls (Otus flammeolus) breeding in deciduous forests. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 262--266. (Dept. Zool., Weber State Univ., Ogden, UT 84408-2505, USA; cmart@weber.edu)---Using nest boxes, owls nested 34 times in 5 years; provides measures of productivity and habitat needs.---J.M.S. {B716, C918} {ROL #81}
{B118} Rottenborn, S. C. 2000. Nest-site selection and reproductive success of urban Red-shouldered Hawks in central California. J. Raptor Res. 34: 18--25. (H. T. Harvey Assoc., 3150 Almaden Expressway, Suite 145, San Jose, CA 95118, USA.)---Buteo lineatus. {B716, C918} {ROL #81}
{B118} Sadler, D. 1998. The 1995--1997 Great Gray Owl invasions in the Peterborough area [Ontario]. Ontario Birds 18: 81--87. (R.R. 4, Peterborough, ON K9J 6X5, Can.)---Summary of estimated 330 Strix nebulosa wintering in one portion of Ontario during the winter of 1995--1996 and 265 birds in a 1996--1997 "echo" flight, with details on age, duration of stay, and prey captured. The fact that most birds examined in the hand or closely in the field in 1995--1996 appeared to have fledged in 1994, while most in 1996--1997 appeared older suggests that many of the same birds may have been involved in both flights. Some details of earlier flights are included, and possible causes of these influxes are discussed.---M.K.M. {C914} {ROL #81}
{B122} Duncan, J. R., D. H. Johnson, & T. H. Nicholls, Eds. 1997. Biology and conservation of owls of the Northern Hemisphere. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 1--635, + xxii. (Orders: N. Central Res. Stn., For. Serv.-US Dept. Agric., 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; also available: www.ncfes.umn.edu)---2nd international symposium held Feb 5--9, 1997, Winnipeg, Manitoba. 86 papers (incl. posters and workshops), 5 other speeches, and 31 color photographs of 29 taxa; all but 2 (brief abstract only provided) of the 86 papers, as well as the 2 published speeches cited individually elsewhere in this issue of the ROL.---J.M.S. {ROL #81}
{B124} Bretagnolle, V., et al. 2000. Distribution, population size, and habitat use of the Réunion Marsh Harrier, Circus m. maillardi. J. Raptor Res. 34: 8--17. (CEBC-CNRS, 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France.)---Circus maillardi. {ROL #81}
{B124} Grant, P. R., & R. Grant. 1997. The rarest of Darwin’s finches. Conserv. Biol. 11: 119--126. (Dept. Ecol. Evol. Biol., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NF 08544, USA.)---Current status of and threats to the Mangrove Finch (Cactospiza [=Camarhynchus] heliobates).---G.C.L. {B904} {ROL #81}
{B124} Griffin, C. R., P. W. C. Paton, & T. S. Baskett. 1998. Breeding ecology and behavior of the Hawaiian Hawk. Condor 100: 654--662. (Dept. For. & Wildl. Manage. & Grad. Prog. Organismic & Evol. Biol., Univ. Massachusetts, Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; EM: cgriffin@forwild.umass.edu)---Buteo solitarius breeding habits are typical of a K-selected species in tropical environment. Brood-rearing is among longest reported for any diurnal raptor. Species could be down-listed from endangered to threatened.---S.N.L. {clutch size, diet, nest success} {B700, B904} {ROL #81}
{B128} Frith, C. B., & M. K. Poulsen. 1999. Distribution and status of the Paradise Crow Lycocorax pyrrhopterus and Standardwing Bird of Paradise Semioptera wallacii, with notes on biology and nidification. Emu 99: 229--238. (P.O. Box 581, Malanda, Qld. 4885, Australia.)---2 species endemic to the Moluccas, Indonesia.---W.K.S. {C908} {ROL #81}
{B128} Pfister, O. 1999. Observations on dippers, including the sordidus morph of White-throated Dipper in Ladakh, India. Oriental Bird Club Bull. 30: 26--30. (Transversal 1 Este # 57-42, Apto, 501, Barrio El Castillo, Bogota, .D.C., Colombia.)---Cinclus cinclus and Cinclus pallasii occur on the upper reaches of the Indus River and overlap at about 3600 m near Leh. C. cinclus has a dark-breasted form (C. c. sordidus); 2 pairs, each with a white-throated and a dark member, were watched feeding their young. Excellent photographs.---I.C.R. {B718} {ROL #81}
{B128} van Balen, S. 1998. Tropical forest raptors in Indonesia: recent information on distribution, status, and conservation. J. Raptor Res. 32: 56--63. (BirdLife Int.-Indonesia Prog., P. O. Box 310, Bogor 16003, Indonesia; or Dept. Terrestrial Ecol. Nat. Conserv., Wageningen Agric. Univ., Bornsesteeg 69, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands) {B900, C328} {ROL #81}
{B130} Codenotti, T. L., D. Beninca, & F. Alvarez. 1995. Ethogram and relationships between behaviour, age and habitat in the Greater Rhea (Rhea americana). Doñana Acta Vert. 22(1-2): 65--86. (Univ. Passo Fundo, Barrio S. José, Ramal 178, Passo Fundo R. S., Brasil.) {ROL #81}
{B130} Jahn, O., E. E. Vargas Grefa, & K-L. Schuchmann. 1999. The life history of the Long-wattled Umbrellabird Cephalopterus penduliger in the Andean foothills of north-west Ecuador: leks, behavior, ecology and conservation. Bird Conserv. Int. 9: 81--94. (Fundacion Ecuatoriana de Estudios Ecologicos, EcoCiencia, Isla San Cristobal 1523 e Isla Seymour, P.O. Box 17-12-257, Quito, Ecuador.) {ROL #81}
{B130} Weller, A. A. 2000. Biography, geographic variation and habitat
preference in the Amazilia Hummingbird, Amazilia amazilia Lesson
(Aves: Trochilidae), with notes on the status of Amazilia alticola
Gould. J. f. Ornithol. 141: 93--101. (Zool. Forschungsinst. & Zool.
Mus. A. Koenig, Ornithol., AG Biol. & Phylogenie tropischer Vögel,
Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, FRG.) {ROL #81}
{B300} Guerra-Garcìa, J. M., et al. 1999.
Behavioural comparative
study of the normal, leucistic and partially albinistic forms of a Greylag
Geese Anser anser flock. Ardeola 46 (2): 213--222. (LBM: Depto.
Fisiologìa y Biol. Anim., Fac. Biol., Univ. Sevilla, Apdo 1095,
E-41080 Sevilla, Spain; EM: jmguerra@cica.es.) {E101} {ROL #81}
{B300} Onofre, N. 1995. Some unusual observations on the behaviour of the Montagu´s Harrier, Circus pygargus, in the region of Barroso [Portugal]. Alytes R.E.C.N. 7: 519--537. (Junitec. Ave. Manuel da Maia, nº 36 R/C dto., P-1100 Lisboa, Portugal.) {ROL #81}
{B300} Palestis, B. G., & J. Burger. 1999. Individual sibling recognition in experimental broods of Common Tern chicks. Anim. Behav. 58: 375--381. (Dept. Ecol. Evol. & Nat. Res., Rutgers Univ., Nelson Biological Labs, 604 Allison Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA. EM: palestis@eden.rutgers.edu)---Sterna hirundo. {B720} {ROL #81}
{B302} Brigham, R. M., & A. C. Brigham. 1999. Peregrine Falcon attacks hot-air balloon. Blue Jay 57: 200. (6723 Gillmore Dr., Regina, SK S4X 3Z1, Can.)---Falco peregrinus. {ROL #81}
{B302} Bryan, J. E. 1996. Model snake elicits nest defense behaviour by White-breasted Nuthatches, Sitta carolinensis. Brit. Columbia Birds 6: 12--14. (B.C. Environment, 3547 Skaha Lake Rd., Penticton, BC V2A 7K2, Can.)---Descriptions of displays and other behavior, including previously undescribed variant of previously described display, and differences between sexes in intensity of displaying.---M.K.M. {C916} {ROL #81}
{B302} Cresswell, W. 1998. Relative competitive ability changes with competitor density: evidence from feeding Blackbirds. Anim. Behav. 56: 1367--1373. (EGI, Dept. Zool., Univ. Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Turdus merula. {ROL #81}
{B302} Davis, W. E., Jr. 1999. Red-eyed Vireos attack their images. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 27: 194--196. (C/O BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02476, USA.)---A presumed pair of Vireo olivaceus attacked their reflection in windows and mirror.---W.E.D. {ROL #81}
{B302} Ellis, D. H., et al. 1999. Siblicide, splayed-toes-flight display, and grappling in the Saker Falcon. J. Raptor Res. 33: 164--167. (USGS Patuxent Wildl. Ctr., HCR 1, Box 4420, Oracle, AZ 85623, USA.)---Falco cherrug. {C912, C918} {ROL #81}
{B302} Ferriere, R., et al. 1999. Predictability, chaos and coordination in bird vigilant behaviour. Anim. Behav. 57: 497--500. (Lab. Ecol., CNRS UMR 7625, 46 Rue d’Ulm, 75232 Paris Cedex 05, France. EM: rferrier@snv.jussieu.fr)---Reply to Ruxton & Roberts (Anim. Behav. 1999, 57: 493--495.)---A.K.T. {C916} {ROL #81}
{B302} Kitowski, I. 1998. [Group mobbing on birds and foxes by the Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus in the period of fledgling dispersal.] Notatki Ornitologiczne 39: 211--217. (Zaklad Ochrony Przyrody UMCS, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland)---Studied in 14 families, E. Poland. (Polish, Engl. summ.)---T.W. {B718} {ROL #81}
{B302} Lima, S. L., & Bednekoff, P. A. 1999. Back to the basics of antipredatory vigilance: can nonvigilant animals detect attack? Anim. Behav. 58: 537--543. (Dept. Life Sci., Indiana State Univ., Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA. EM: lslima@scifac.indstate.edu)---Junco hyemalis with their heads down can still detect a predator---A.K.T. {C916} {ROL #81}
{B302} Nuyts, E., A. Bult, & E. A. Van Der Zee. 1996. The influence of age on the acquirement of a perch in the Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus L.): new data and a review of the literature. Can. J. Zool. 74: 1713--1720. (Psychol. Dept., Room 204 PRB, MI State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.) {ROL #81}
{B302} Roth, A. 1999. Red-tailed Hawk chased off by Common Nighthawks. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 27: 264--265. (C/O BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02476, USA.)---Roof-nesting Chordeiles minor pair chased Buteo jamaicensis.---W.E.D. {ROL #81}
{B302} Ruxton, G. D., & G. Roberts. 1999. Are vigilance sequences a consequence of intrinsic chaos or external change? Anim. Behav. 57: 493--495. (Div. Environ. Evol. Biol., Univ. Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. EM: g.ruxton@bio.gla.ac.uk). {C916} {ROL #81}
{B302} Salt, J. R. 1998. Aggressive incident between Blue Jay and Least Chipmunk. Alberta Nat. 28: 9. (464 Nelson St., Victoria, BC V9A 6P4, Can.)---Cyanocitta cristata attacked Tamias minimus while both were foraging on ground.---M.K.M. {ROL #81}
{B302} Tuckwell, J., & E. Nol. 1997. Intra- and inter-specific interactions of foraging American Oystercatchers on an oyster bed. Can. J. Zool. 75: 182--187. (EN: Watershed Ecosystems Graduate Prog., Trent Univ., Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Can.)---Haematopus palliatus, Larus argentatus, Larus marinus. {ROL #81}
{B304} Balda, R. P., A. C. Kamil, & P. A. Bednekoff. 1996. Predicting cognitive capacity from natural history: Examples from four species of corvids. Curr. Ornithol. 13: 33--66. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.)---Cognitive abilities of Clark’s Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus), Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), and Mexican Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) compared with respect to phylogenetic considerations.---S.N.L. {spatial memory, caching} {ROL #81}
{B304} Burt de Perera, T, & T. Guilford. 1999. The social transmission of spatial information in homing pigeons. Anim. Behav. 57: 715--719. (Inst. Ecol., Uni. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apdo. Postal 70-275, 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico.)---Columba livia. {D908} {ROL #81}
{B304} Campbell, F. M., C. M. Heyes, & A. R. Goldsmith. 1999. Stimulus learning and response learning by observation in the European Starling, in a two-object/two-action test. Anim. Behav. 58: 151--158. (CMH: Dept. Psychol., Univ. Coll. Lond., Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK. EM: c.heyes@ucl.ac.uk)---Sturnus vulgaris. {ROL #81}
{B304} Freire, R., & C. J. Nicol. 1999. Effect of experience of occlusion events on the domestic chick’s strategy for locating a concealed imprinting object. Anim. Behav. 58: 593--599. (Dept. Clin. Vet. Sci., Univ. Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS18 7DU, UK. EM: raf.freire@bristol.ac.uk)---Gallus domesticus. {ROL #81}
{B304} Fritz, J., & K. Kotrschal. 1999. Social learning in Common Ravens, Corvus corax. Anim. Behav. 57: 785--793. (Konrad Lorenz Forschungsstelle, 4645 Gruenau 11, Austria. EM: a8716027@unet.univie.ac.at). {B314} {ROL #81}
{B304} Hultsch, H., F. Schleuss, & D. Todt. 1999. Auditory-visual stimulus pairing enhances perceptual learning in a songbird. Anim. Behav. 58: 143--149. (Inst. f. Verhaltensbiol., Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163 Berlin, Germany. EM: hultsch@zedat.fu-berlin.de)---Repertoire size and copy quality of songs learnt by Luscinia megarhynchos increased when tutor song was paired with strobe light flashes---A.K.T. {B320} {ROL #81}
{B304} Johnston, A. N. B., T. H. J. Burne, & S. P. R. Rose. 1998. Observation learning in day-old chicks using a one-trial passive avoidance learning paradigm. Anim. Behav. 56: 1347--1353. (Dept. Biol., Open Univ., Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK. EM: a.n.b.johnston@open.ac.uk)---Gallus gallus. {ROL #81}
{B304} Jones, R. B., et al. 1999. T-maze behaviour in domestic chicks: a search for underlying variables. Anim. Behav. 58: 211--217. (Div. Environ. Welf., Roslin Inst. (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK. EM: bryan.jones@bbsrc.ac.uk)---Differences in performance in Gallus domesticus probably due to individual variation in sociality---A.K.T. {ROL #81}
{B304} Marjan, R. 1999. Clever Magpies open pizza box. Blue Jay 57: 119--121. (Saskatoon Star-Phoenix, 204 Fifth Ave., N, Saskatoon, SK S7K 2P1, Can.)---Photo story of three Pica pica in wild.---R.W.N. {ROL #81}
{B304} McGregor, A., & S. D. Healy. 1999. Spatial accuracy in food-storing and nonstoring birds. Anim. Behav. 58: 727--734. (Dept. Psychol., Univ. Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. EM: anthony.mcgregor@ncl.ac.uk)---Parus ater was more accurate in a spatial task than Parus major or Parus caeruleus---A.K.T. {D306} {ROL #81}
{B304} Nicol, C. J., & S. J. Pope. 1999. The effects of demonstrator social status and prior foraging success on social learning in laying hens. Anim. Behav. 57: 163--171. (Dept. Clin. Vet. Sci., Univ. Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK. EM: c.j.nicol@bristol.ac.uk)---Gallus gallus. {ROL #81}
{B304} Orr, A. G. 1999. Evidence for unpalatability in the genus Delias Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and its role in mimetic assemblages. Aust. Entomol. 26: 45--52. (Environ. Sci., Griffith Univ., Nathan, Qld. 4111, Australia.)---Butterfly wing damage noted only for a short time after fledging of Meliphaga lewinii and Dicrurus hottentottus.---I.D.E. {ROL #81}
{B304} Regolin, L., & S. P. R. Rose. 1999. Long-term memory for a spatial task in young chicks. Anim. Behav. 57: 1185--1191. (Dept. Psychol., Univ. Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy. EM: regolin@psico.unipd.it)---Gallus gallus domesticus. {ROL #81}
{B304} Stardom, R. A. 1999. Ravens pulling wool from sheep. Blue Jay 57: 160--161. (Manitoba Natural Resources, Box 24, 200 Saulteaux Cr., Winnipeg, MB R3J 3W3, Can.)---Corvus corax. {ROL #81}
{B304} Whaling, C. S., et al. 1998. Photoperiod and tutor access affect the process of vocal learning. Anim. Behav. 56: 1075--1082. (1604 Burton Ave., Nashville, TN 37215, USA.)---Zonotrichia leucophrys. {B320, E118} {ROL #81}
{B306} Boyd, I. L., & J. P. Croxall. 1996. Dive durations in pinnipeds and seabirds. Can. J. Zool. 74: 1696--1705. (Brit. Antarct. Survey, Nat. Environ. Res. Counc., Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.)---Dive durations of 2 mammals (Mirounga leonina and Arctocephalus gazella) and 3 birds (Phalacrocorax atriceps, Pygoscelis papua, and Eudyptes chrysolophus) which regularly exceed their maximum theoretical aerobic dive times.---D.E.F. {ROL #81}
{B306} De Leeuw, J. J. 1996. Diving costs as a component of daily energy budgets of aquatic birds and mammals : generalizing the inclusion of dive-recovery costs demonstrated in Tufted Ducks. Can. J. Zool. 74: 2131--2142. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, the Netherlands.)---Aythya fuligula. {E118} {ROL #81}
{B306} Osiejuk, T. S. 1998. Correlates of creeping speed variability in two species of treecreepers. Condor 100: 174--177. (Dept. Anim. Morphology, Univ. A. Mickiewicz, Szamarzewskiego 91A, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; EM: osiejuk@hum.amu.edu.pl)---Certhia brachydactyla creeps, on average, more slowly than Certhia familiaris. Both move more slowly on larger trees and when probing as compared to gleaning. Creeping speed is crucially influenced by handling time, which is determined by foraging technique.---S.N.L. {D306, optimal foraging hypotheses} {ROL #81}
{B306} Swaddle, J. P., E. V. Williams, & J. M. V. Rayner. 1999. The effect of simulated flight feather moult on escape take-off performance in starlings. J. Avian Biol. 30: 351--358. (Ctr. Behav. Biol., Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Bristol, Woodland Rd., Bristol BS8 1UG; EM: john.swaddle@bristol.ac.uk)---Analysis involved novel method using energy gain per wingbeat as measure of take-off performance.---R.T.B. {ROL #81}
{B306} van Gessel, F. W. C. 1999. Noisy flight and other observations of the Rufous Owl Ninox rufa in the Northern Territory. Aust. Bird Watcher 18: 121--123. (64 Dorothy Ave., Woy Woy, NSW 2257, Australia.)---Swooshing flight sounds apparently an aggressive response to mimicked calls.---I.D.E. {B320} {ROL #81}
{B306} Watanuki, Y., A. Kato, & Y. Naito. 1996. Diving performance of male and female Japanese Cormorants. Can. J. Zool. 74: 1098--1109. (Lab. Appl. Zool., Fac. Agric., Hokkaido Univ., Kita--9 Nishi--9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060, Japan.)---Phalacrocorax capillatus. {ROL #81}
{B306} Whitford, P. C. 1999. Repeated inverted free-fall by an American Crow. Loon 71: 113--114. (Biol. Dept., Capital Univ., 2199 East Main St., Columbus, OH 43209, USA.)---Corvus brachyrhynchos dropped 70-80 feet upside down, with wings folded, about 25 times in 1.5 hours.---D.L.E. {ROL #81}
{B308} Blanco, G., & J. L. Tella. 1999. Temporal, spatial and social segregation of Red-billed Choughs between two types of communal roost: a role for mating and territory acquisition. Anim. Behav. 57: 1219--1227. (Dept. Anim. Biol., Univ. Alcalá, 22871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. EM: bnjps@bioani.alcala.es)---Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax. {ROL #81}
{B308} Bosch, M., & D. Sol. 1996. Daily activity patterns in breeding Yellow-legged Gulls (Larus cachinnans). Ardeola 43: 97--101. (Depto. Ecol., Fac. Biol., Univ. Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, España.) {ROL #81}
{B308} Davidson, A. H. 1998. Simultaneous anting by three species of birds. Ontario Birds 18: 145--146. (1805 Region Rd. 19, R.R. 3, Vanessa, ON N0E 1V0, Can.)---Anting by Turdus migratorius apparently stimulated Cyanocitta cristata and male and female Pheucticus ludovicianus to ant at same time in same spot.---M.K.M. {ROL #81}
{B308} Davis, C. A., & L. M. Smith. 1998. Behavior of migrant shorebirds in playas of the Southern High Plains, Texas. Condor 100: 266--276. (Platte River Whooping Crane Maintenance Trust, Inc., 6611 W. Whooping Crane Dr., Wood River, NE 68883, USA; EM: cadavis@hamilton.net)---During spring and fall migration, Recurvirostra americana, Limnodromus scolopaceus, Calidris minutilla, and Calidris mauri differ in amount of time spent on various activities. Feeding is the dominant activity of all except American Avocets, for which sleeping and feeding are dominant.---S.N.L. {D902} {ROL #81}
{B308} Jessop, R., & P. Collins. 1999. Observations of feeding and roosting behaviour of Little Curlew Numenius minutus overwintering in the North-west of Australia. Stilt 35: 62--63. (Phillip Island Nat. Pk., P.O. Box 97, Cowes, Vic. 3922, Australia.)---As daytime temperature increases, feeding is interspersed with bathing and drinking. (Abstract only).---I.D.E. {D306} {ROL #81}
{B308} Johnston, R. F. 1999. Barred Owl sunning behavior. Bull. Kansas Ornithol. Soc. 50(4): 38--39. (Natural History Museum, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2454, USA.)---First recorded instance in Strix varia.---R.F.J. {ROL #81}
{B308} Mace, T. R. 2000. Time budget and pair-bond dynamics in the Comb-crested Jacana, Irediparra gallinacea: a test of hypotheses. Emu 100: 31--41. (Biol. Dept., Univ. Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, USA.)---Results best support the "replacement-clutch hypothesis" for the adaptiveness of polyandry, although the "female-energetic hypothesis" cannot be ruled out.---W.K.S. {B312, B714} {ROL #81}
{B308} Negro, J. J., & A. Margalida. 2000. How Bearded Vultures (Gypaetus barbatus) acquire their orange coloration: a comment on Xirouchakis (1998). J. Raptor Res. 34: 62--63. (Estación Biol. de Doñana, Dept. Appl. Biol., Spanish Council for Research (CSIC), Apdo. 1056, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.)---Vultures dust bathe in iron oxide to stain their feathers red. Comment on J. Raptor Res. 32: 322.---P.A.G. {E101} {ROL #81}
{B308} Palestis, B. G., & J. Burger. 1998. Evidence for social facilitation of preening in the Common Tern. Anim. Behav. 56: 1107--1111. (Dept. Ecol., Evol., Nat. Res., Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ 08855-8082, USA. EM: palestis@eden.rutgers.edu)---Sterna hirundo. {ROL #81}
{B308} Pinilla, J., R. Arambarri, & A. F. Rodríguez. 1995. Contribution to the study of winter roosts of the Hen Harrier, Circus cyaneus, in the Iberian Peninsula. Alytes R.E.C.N. 7: 135--147. (Coslada 8. E-28002, Madrid, España.) {C926} {ROL #81}
{B308} Rogers, D. I. 1999. Roost choice in the waders of Roebuck Bay [Australia]: is avoiding heat stress their main concern? Stilt 35: 65. (340 Ninks Rd., St Andrews, Vic. 3761, Australia.)---Strongly prefer damp substrate, which lowers local temperature. (Abstract only).---I.D.E. {C908, E118} {ROL #81}
{B308} Salt, J. R. 1998. The feigning of injury by a Gray Jay (Perisoreus canadensis). Alberta Nat. 28: 44. (464 Nelson St., Victoria, BC V9A 6P4, Can.)---Jay caught by neck in a mammal trap remained perched on author's fingers for over two hours in spite of no visible signs of injury, then flew off when other people approached. Behavior interpreted as injury feigning seems similar to "trance" sometimes exhibited by birds after being caught in mist-nets.---M.K.M. {ROL #81}
{B308} Sato, M. 2000. [Observation of roosting Red-rumped Swallows.] Strix 18: 141--143. (5-18-20 Sakura, Minoo, Osaka 562-0041, Japan.)---Hirundo daurica. (Japanese, Engl. summ.) {ROL #81}
{B308} Sproat, T. McK. 1997. Male Eastern Screech-owl (Otus asio) roosting behavior: Possible effects from nesting stage and nest type. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 408--410. (Dept. Biol., Ball State Univ., Muncie, IN 47306, USA.)---Males roost closer to nest during nestling stage than during incubation, but farther from artificial nest box than from natural cavity.---J.M.S. {B700} {ROL #81}
{B308} Thomas, R. J. 1999. The effect of variability in the food supply on the daily singing routines of European Robins: a test of a stochastic dynamic programming model. Anim. Behav. 57: 365--369. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK. EM: r.j.thomas@bristol.ac.uk)---Erithacus rubecula. {B320, E514} {ROL #81}
{B308} Thomas, R. J. 1999. Two tests of a stochastic dynamic programming model of daily singing routines in birds. Anim. Behav. 57: 277--284. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK. EM: r.j.thomas@bristol.ac.uk)---Song output of Erithacus rubecula increased by food supplements and higher ambient temperatures---A.K.T. {B320, E514} {ROL #81}
{B308} Vestergaard, K. S., et al. 1999. Regulation of dustbathing in feathered and featherless domestic chicks: the Lorenzian model revisited. Anim. Behav. 58: 1017--1025. (B. I. Damm: Dept. Anim. Sci. Anim. Health, Roy. Vet. Agric. Univ., 8 Grønnegårdsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.)---Gallus domesticus. {ROL #81}
{B308} Xirouchakis, S. 1998. Dust bathing in the Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus). J. Raptor Res. 32: 322. (Nat. Hist. Mus. Crete, Univ. Crete, Knossou Ave., Heraklion 71409, Greece.) {ROL #81}
{B310} Burne, T. H. J., & L. J. Rogers. 1999. Changes in olfactory responsiveness by the domestic chick after early exposure to odorants. Anim. Behav. 58: 329--336. (Dept. Neurobiol., Babraham Inst., Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK. EM: tom.burne@bbsrc.ac.uk)---Gallus domesticus. {ROL #81}
{B310} Hunt, S., et al. 1999. Preferences for ultraviolet partners in the Blue Tit. Anim. Behav. 58: 809--815. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK. EM: sarah.hunt@bristol.ac.uk)---Parus caeruleus. {ROL #81}
{B310} Jurisevic, M. A., & K. J. Sanderson. 2000. Responses of Australian raptors to pure tones. Emu 100: 70--71. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Flinders Univ. SA, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.)---Confirms previous studies’ conclusions that raptors are most sensitive to tones between 1 and 6 kHz.---W.K.S. {ROL #81}
{B310} Rodriguez-Girones, M. A., & A. Lotem. 1999. How to detect a cuckoo egg: a signal-detection theory model for recognition and learning. Am. Nat. 153: 633--648. (Zool. Lab., Groningen Univ., PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands; EM: M.A. Rodriguez-girones@biol.rug.nl)---Model suggests how enigmatic acceptance of parasitic eggs is explained by adaptive discrimination mechanisms; Cuculus canorus and Acrocephalus arundinaceus.---J.R.F. {ROL #81}
{B312} Alonso, J. A. 2000. The breeding system of the Orange-crowned Manakin. Condor 102: 181--186. (Inst. Invest. Amazonía Peruana-IIAP, Av. A. Quiñones km 2.5, Apdo. 784-Iquitos, Perú; EM: pbio@halcon.rail.org.pe)---Male Heterocercus aurantiivertex in Peruvian lowland rainforest maintain loosely packed courts inside exploded leks, vocalize throughout the day, and perform two different displays, one aerial, one just above the ground.---S.N.L. {B714, courtship, display, female choice, lek} {ROL #81}
{B312} Amrhein, V. 1999. [Sexual selection and the evolution of extra-pair copulation: rules of the game from the females' point of view.] J. f. Ornithol. 140: 431--441. (Univ. Basel, Inst. f. Medizinische Biol., Schönbeinstr. 40, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.) (German, English summ.) {ROL #81}
{B312} Barber, P. M., T. E. Martin, & K. G. Smith. 1998. Pair interactions in Red-faced Warblers. Condor 100: 512--518. (Archbold Biol. Stn., P.O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862-2057, USA; EM: pbarber@archbold-station.org)---In study of 40 pairs of breeding Cardellina rubrifrons, males responded to intrusions by extra-pair males by staying closer to their mates. These distances were short during nest building and as short or shorter during incubation as during egg laying.---S.N.L. {mate guarding} {ROL #81}
{B312} Borgia, G., & D. C. Presgraves. 1998. Coevolution of elaborated male display traits in the Spotted Bowerbird: an experimental test of the threat reduction hypothesis. Anim. Behav. 56: 1121--1128. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Maryland, MD 20742-4415, USA. EM: borgia@umail.umd.edu)---Courtship behaviour of Chlamydera maculata depends on bower architecture---A.K.T. {B318} {ROL #81}
{B312} Bremner, N. 1998. Episode of Great Gray Owls mating April 18, 1996, 6: 47 p.m., Highway # 211. Blue Jay 56: 207--208. (Box 331, Pinawa, MB R0E 1L0, Can.)---Female Strix nebulosa in tree was fed by male, then she plunged down onto snow in apparent effort to capture prey, whereupon male came and mounted her.---R.W.N. {ROL #81}
{B312} Bried, J., & P. Jouventin. 1999. Influence of breeding success on fidelity in long-lived birds: an experimental study. J. Avian Biol. 30: 392--398. (Ctr. Natl. Rech. Sci., Ctr. d’Études Biol. de Chizé, 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France; EM: lormee@cebc.cnrs.fr)---Experimental study of Procellaria aequinoctialis showed no effect of breeding success and experience on mate fidelity after experimental removal of rats.---R.T.B. {ROL #81}
{B312} Burley, N. T., & R. Symanski. 1998. "A taste for the beautiful": latent aesthetic mate preferences for white crests in two species of Australian grassfinches. Am. Nat. 152: 792--802. (Dept. Ecol. Evol. Biol., Univ. California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA; EM: ntburley@uci.edu)---Experiments show powerful evidence for highly structured aesthetic mate preferences in the two estrildid finches, Taeniopygia guttata castanotis and Poephila acuticauda.---J.R.F. {ROL #81}
{B312} Butchart, S. H. M., N. Seddon, & J. M. M. Ekstrom. 1999. Yelling for sex: harem males compete for female access in Bronze-winged Jacanas. Anim. Behav. 57: 637--646. (Dept. Zool., Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. EM: shmb1@cus.cam.ac.uk). Metopidius indicus. {ROL #81}
{B312} Freeberg, T. M. 1998. The cultural transmission of courtship patterns in Cowbirds, Molothrus ater. Anim. Behav. 56: 1063--1073. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Purdue Univ., IN 47907, USA. EM: freeberg@bilbo.bio.purdue.edu) {ROL #81}
{B312} Freeberg, T. M., et al. 1999. Cultural influences on female mate choice: an experimental test in Cowbirds, Molothrus ater. Anim. Behav. 57: 421--426. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. EM: freeberg@bilbo.bio.purdue.edu). {ROL #81}
{B312} Gil, D., et al. 1999. Male attractiveness and differential testosterone investment in Zebra Finch eggs. Science 286: 126--128. (Lab. de Psychophysiol. et d’Ethol, UPRESA-CNRS 7025 Univ. de Paris X, 92001 Nanterre, France; EM: Diego.Gil@u-paris10.fr)---Higher T and 5Å-DHT in eggs when male Taeniopygia guttata had red color bands.---M.J.J. {ROL #81}
{B312} González-Solís, J., P. H. Becker, & H. Wendeln. 1999. Divorce and asynchronous arrival in Common Terns, Sterna hirundo. Anim. Behav. 58: 1123--1129. (Mar. Life. Sci. Div., Br. Antarctic Surv., High Cross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK. EM: jacob@porthos.bio.ub.es)---Divorce is less likely in pairs that arrive on the breeding grounds at the same time---A.K.T. {ROL #81}
{B312} Hunter, F. M. 1998. Timing of pair and extra-pair copulations in the Northern Fulmar. Condor 100: 141--145. (Dept. Zool., Downing St., Univ. Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK; EM: fiona@zoo.cam.ac.uk)---Fertilization in Fulmarus glacialis is believed to occur within a few days of laying, but extra-pair and pair copulations and paternity defense behaviors decline around 20 days before laying, and are minimal by 9 days before laying. This suggests a lag period resulting from a delay in ovulation similar to that of Diomedea melanophris and other seabirds.---S.N.L. {E120, sperm competition} {ROL #81}
{B312} Jouventin, P., B. Lequette, & F. S. Dobson. 1999. Age-related mate choice in the Wandering Albatross. Anim. Behav. 57: 1099--1106. (FSD: Dept. Zool. & Wildl. Sci., Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL 36849, USA. EM: fdobson@acesag.auburn.edu)---Diomedea exulans. {ROL #81}
{B312} Leonard, M. L., & L. Zanette. 1998. Female mate choice and male behaviour in domestic fowl. Anim. Behav. 56: 1099--1105. (Dept. Biol., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J1, Can. EM: mleonard@is.dal.ca)---Choice of female Gallus gallus varies with wing flapping rate of male---A.K.T. {ROL #81}
{B312} Pandolfi, M., R. Pagliarani, & G. Olivetti. 1998. Intra- and extra-pair copulations and female refusal of mating in Montagu’s Harriers. J. Raptor Res. 32: 269--277. (Univ. Urbino, Inst. Sci. Morfologiche, Via M. Oddi, 21-61029 Urbino, Italy.)---Circus pygargus. {ROL #81}
{B312} Pizo, M. A., & A. Aleixo. 1998. Lek behavior of the Gray-hooded Flycatcher. Condor 100: 726--731. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Estadual Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas-SP, Brazil; EM: pizo@obelix.unicamp.br)---Mionectes rufiventris. {Atlantic forest, Tyrannidae} {ROL #81}
{B312} Rintamäki, P. T., et al. 1999. Why do Black Grouse males perform on lek sites outside the breeding season? J. Avian Biol. 30: 359--366. (Evol. Biol. Ctr., Uppsala Univ., Norbyvägen 18 D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; EM: rintamak@tukki.jyu.fi)---7-yr study of Tetrao tetrix in central Finland suggests autumn lek increases male copulation success and may provide females with opportunity to assess males before breeding season.---R.T.B. {ROL #81}
{B312} Robertson, G. J., et al. 1998. The timing of pair formation in Harlequin Ducks. Condor 100: 551--555. (Can. Wildl. Serv., 6 Bruce St., Mount Pearl, NF A1N 4T3, Can.; EM: greg.robertson@cc.gc.ca)---Histrionicus histrionicus in southwestern British Columbia begin forming pair bonds in October and over half of females are paired by December. In all cases where both mates return to wintering grounds, they reunite in fall. New pair bonds with young birds are formed in spring.---S.N.L. {ROL #81}
{B312} Sax, A., H. Hoi, & T. R. Birkhead. 1998. Copulation rate and sperm use by female Bearded Tits, Panurus biarmicus. Anim. Behav. 56: 1199--1204. (KLIVV, Savoyenstr. 1a, 1160 Vienna, Austria. EM: a.sax@klivv.oeaw.ac.at) {B712} {ROL #81}
{B312} Schleicher, B., H. Hoi, & F. Valera. 1996. Seasonal change in female mate choice criteria in Penduline Tits (Remiz pendulinus). Ardeola 43 (1): 19--29. (Konrad Lorenz Inst. für Vergleichende Verhaltensforschung, Savoyenstrasse 1a,. A-1160 Vienna, Austria.) {ROL #81}
{B312} Slagsvold, T., & H. Viljugrein. 1999. Mate choice copying versus preference for actively displaying males by female Pied Flycatchers. Anim. Behav. 57: 679--686. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Oslo, PO Box 1050, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM: tore.slagsvold@bio.uio.no)---No evidence of copying in Ficedula hypoleuca---A.K.T. {ROL #81}
{B312} Smith, C. M., et al. 2000. Long-term pair bonds in Harlequin Ducks. Condor 102: 201--205. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Can., & Parks Canada, Banff Nat. Park, Banff, AB T0L 0C0, Can.; EM: cyndi_smith@pch.gc.ca)---Histrionicus histrionicus reunite at the wintering area and return together to the breeding stream as long as their mate is alive, regardless of breeding success of the previous season.---S.N.L. {C920, breeding site fidelity, pair reunion, pair fidelity} {ROL #81}
{B312} Waas, J. R., & A. F. Wordsworth. 1999. Female Zebra Finches prefer symmetrically banded males, but only during interactive mate choice tests. Anim. Behav. 57: 1113--1119. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM: j.waas@waikato.ac.nz)---Taeniopygia guttata. {B318} {ROL #81}
{B312} White, D. J., & B. G. Galef, Jr. 1999. Mate choice copying and conspecific cueing in Japanese Quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Anim. Behav. 57: 465--473. (BGG: Dept. Psychol., McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Can. EM: galef@mcmaster.ca). {ROL #81}
{B312} White, D. J., & B. G. Galef, Jr. 1999. Affiliative preferences are stable and predict mate choices in both sexes of Japanese Quail, Coturnix japonica. Anim. Behav. 58: 865--871. (BGG: Dept. Psychol., McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Can. EM: galef@mcmaster.ca) {ROL #81}
{B314} Bahr, D. B., & M. Bekoff. 1999. Predicting flock vigilance from simple passerine interactions: modeling with cellular automata. Anim. Behav. 58: 831--839. (MB: Dept. Environ. Pop. & Organismal Biol., Univ. Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA. EM: marc.bekoff@colorado.edu) {ROL #81}
{B314} Beauchamp, G., & B. Livoreil. 1997. The effect of group size on vigilance and feeding rate in Spice Finches (Lonchura punctulata). Can. J. Zool. 75: 1526--1531. (Fac. Vet. Med., Univ. Montreal, C.P. 5000, St.-Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Can.) {D306} {ROL #81}
{B314} Deceuninck, B., et al. 1998. Temporal pattern and efficiency of escorting behaviour in the Spotless Starling (Sturnus unicolor). Ardeola 45 (2): 143--150. (Ligue Française pour la Prot. des Oiseaux/Birdlife France, La Corderie Royale, Bp 263, F-17305 Rochefort Cedex, France.) {ROL #81}
{B314} Gosler, A. G., & T. D. Carruthers. 1999. Body reserves and social dominance in the Great Tit Parus major in relation to winter weather in southwest Ireland. J. Avian Biol. 30: 447--459. (EGI, Dept. Zool., South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK; EM: andrew.gosler@zoology.ox.ac.uk)---Study relates condition and dominance among individuals. Under some circumstances, muscle may be better indicator of condition than fat.---R.T.B. {E118} {ROL #81}
{B314} Leonardi, G. 1999. Cooperative hunting of Jackdaws by the Lanner Falcon (Falco biarmicus). J. Raptor Res. 33: 123--127. (Avian Sci. Conserv. Ctr., Macdonald Campus of McGill Univ., 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste. Anne de Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Can.)---Corvus monedula. {D306} {ROL #81}
{B314} Marler, P. 1996. Social cognition: Are primates smarter than birds? Curr. Ornithol. 13: 1--32. (Anim. Communic. Lab., Sec. Neurobiol., Physiol. & Behav., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.)---Reviews accomplishments of avian and primate species in social cognitive areas including social learning, tool use and its acquisition, cooperative hunting, and communicative behavior. There are significant similarities between primates and birds.---S.N.L. {B304} {ROL #81}
{B314} Martinez-Abrain, A. 1999. Patterns of association between duck species in a roosting area over the winter in Eastern Spain. Ardeola 46 (2): 163--169. (Biol. Dept., Univ. Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Nat. Bridge Rd., St. Louis; MO 63121-4499, USA; EM: s1037131@admiral.umsl.edu) {ROL #81}
{B314} Piper, W. H. 1997. Social dominance in birds: Early findings and new horizons. Curr. Ornithol. 14: 125--187. (Dept. Biol., George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA; EM: wpiper@gmu.edu)---Reviews the historical development of the study of dominance, highlights significant findings, and suggests approaches, techniques and issues for future investigation. Topics include social contexts, unifying features of dominance interactions, determinants of dominating ability, spatial patterns, linearity in dominance hierarchies, and effects of dominance on fitness.---S.N.L. {ROL #81}
{B314} Robichaud, D., L. Lefebvre, & L. Robidoux. 1996. Dominance affects resource partitioning in Pigeons, but pair bonds do not. Can. J. Zool. 74: 833--840. (LL: Dept. Biol., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Can.)---Columba livia. {ROL #81}
{B314} Rolland, C., E. Danchin, & M. De Fraipont. 1998. The evolution of coloniality in birds in relation to food, habitat, predation, and life-history traits: a comparative analysis. Am. Nat. 151: 514--529. (Dept. Zool., South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK; EM: edanchin@snv.jussieu.fr)---Analysis of 320 species shows coloniality to be a labile trait. Correlations with marine habitat conflict with many prior hypotheses to explain coloniality.---J.R.F. {B706} {ROL #81}
{B314} White, D. J., & B. G. Galef, Jr. 1999. Social effects on mate choices of male Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica. Anim. Behav. 57: 1005--1012. (Dept. Psychol., McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Can. EM: galef@mcmaster.ca). {B312} {ROL #81}
{B314} Wiley, R. H., et al. 1999. Social inertia in White-throated Sparrows results from recognition of opponents. Anim. Behav. 57: 453--463. (Dept. Biol., Univ. N. Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA. EM: rhwiley@EM.unc.edu)---Zonotrichia albicollis. {ROL #81}
{B316} Bruni, A. 1996. Observations performed on a pairs of Buzzard [Buteo buteo] breeding in the Lepini Mountains (Latium) [Italy] about breeding and home-range. Gli Uccelli d’Italia 21 (1): 70--74. (Via Raffaello Sanzio, 33. I-00034 Collefero, Rome, Italy). {B700} {ROL #81}
{B316} Cuadrado, M. 1995. Territory characteristics and the attacks against intruders in migrant Robins, Erithacus rubecula, wintering in the Mediterranean area. Ardeola 42(2): 147--160. (Santiago 18, Alto, E-11100 S. Fernando, Càdiz, España) {C926} {ROL #81}
{B316} Herting, B. L., & J. R. Belthoff. 1997. Testosterone, aggression, and territoriality in male Western Screech-Owls (Otus kennicottii): Results from preliminary experiments. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 213--217. (Dept. Biol. & Raptor Res. Ctr., Boise State Univ., Boise, ID 83725, USA; EM (JRB): jbelthoff@claven.idbsu.edu)---Exogenous testosterone elicited more aggression at all times of the year.---J.M.S. {B302} {ROL #81}
{B316} Hodder, K. H., et al. 1998. Estimating core ranges: a comparison of techniques using the Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo). J. Raptor Res. 32: 82--89. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Furzebrook Res. Stn., Wareham, Dorset BH20 5AS, UK.) {E510} {ROL #81}
{B316} Jansen, A. 1999. Home ranges and group-territoriality in Chowchillas Orthonyx spaldingii. Emu 99: 280--290. (Dept. Zool., James Cook Univ., Townsville, Qld. 4811, Australia.)---Home ranges are larger than the area defended against other conspecific groups, with some overlap of neighbouring home ranges. Home ranges include favoured foraging areas, which change from season to season, and which rarely overlap with neighbouring home ranges.---W.K.S. {ROL #81}
{B316} Kurosawa, R. 2000. [A process of territory establishment by a pair of Jungle Crows Corvus macrorhynchos.] Strix 18: 131--135. (Res. Ctr., Wild Bird Soc. Japan, 2-35-2 Minamidaira, Hino, Tokyo 191-0041, Japan.) (Japanese, Engl. summ.) {ROL #81}
{B316} Putland, D. A., & Goldizen, A. W. 1998. Territorial behaviour in the Tasmanian Native Hen: group and individual performance. Anim. Behav. 56: 1455--1463. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. EM: agoldizen@zoology.uq.edu.au)---Gallinula mortierii. {ROL #81}
{B316} Tordoff, H. B., & P. T. Redig. 1999. Two fatal Peregrine Falcon territorial fights. Loon 71: 182--186. (Bell Museum, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.)---Falco peregrinus. {ROL #81}
{B316} Watson, R. T., & S. Razafindramanana. 1999. Nearest neighbor nest distances, home range, and territory area of the Madagascar Fish-Eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides). J. Raptor Res. 33: 335--338. (The Peregrine Fund, 566 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709, USA.) {ROL #81}
{B318} Cuthill, I. C., et al. 1999. Plumage reflectance and the objective assessment of avian sexual dichromatism. Am. Nat. 153: 183--200. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Bristol, Woodland Rd., Bristol BS8 1UG, UK; EM: I.cuthill@bristol.ac.uk)---Assessing color patterns by techniques that avoid reliance on human perception shows that hidden sexual dichromatism is widespread and many species may be misclassified as being monomorphic.---J.R.F. {E116} {ROL #81}
{B318} Fitzpatrick, S. 1998. Birds’ tails as signaling devices: markings, shape, length, and feather quality. Am. Nat. 151: 157--173. (Sch. Appl. Biol. Chem Sci., Univ. Ulster at Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, County Antrim BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland; EM: sm.fitzpatrick@ulst.ac.uk)---Comparative study of western Palearctic birds shows 80% of species have tail displays that could serve as multipurpose signals.---J.R.F. {E114} {ROL #81}
{B318} Jones, I. L., & F. M. Hunter. 1999. Experimental evidence for mutual inter- and intrasexual selection favouring a Crested Auklet ornament. Anim. Behav. 57: 521--528. (Dept. Biol., Memorial Univ. Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Can. EM: ijones@morgan.ucs.mun.ca)---Aethia cristatella. {D105} {ROL #81}
{B318} Negro, J. J., et al. 1999. The function of cosmetic coloration of Bearded Vultures: when art imitates life. Anim. Behav. 58: F14--F17. (Dept. Appl. Biol., CSIC, Doñana Biol., Stn., Apdo 1056, Ave. Maria Luisa s/n, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain. EM: negro@ebd.csic.es)---Gypaetus barbatus. {ROL #81}
{B318} Nero, R. W. 1994. Usual aerial display of Red-tailed hawk. Blue Jay 52: 29--30. (Box 24, 1495 St. James St., Winnipeg, MB R3H 0W9, Can.)---Buteo jamaicensis. {ROL #81}
{B318} Pearson, F. D., N. I. Mann, & P. J. B. Slater. 1999. Does leg-ring colour affect song tutor choice in Zebra Finches? Anim. Behav. 57: 173--180. (PJBS: Sch. Environ. Evol. Biol., Univ. St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK. EM: pjbs@st-andrews.ac.uk)---Not in Taeniopygia guttata---A.K.T. {ROL #81}
{B318} Sheldon, B. C., & H. Ellegren. 1999. Sexual selection resulting from extrapair paternity in Collared Flycatchers. Anim. Behav. 57: 285--298. (Dept. Zool., Uppsala Univ., S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. EM: ben.sheldon@zoologi.uu.se)---Weak selection on forehead and wing patch sizes in Ficedula albicollis---A.K.T. {B312, B712} {ROL #81}
{B320} Alvarez, F. 1996. Variation in song rate during the breeding cycle of the Rufous Bush Chat, Cercotrichas galactotes. Ardeola 43(1): 49--56. (Estación Biol. Doñana-C.S.I.C., Apdo. 1056, E-41080 Sevilla, España.) {ROL #81}
{B320} Alvarez, F. 1997. The functions of song and the spatial pattern of song production in the Rufous Bush Chat (Cercotrichas galactotes). Doñana Acta Vert. 24 (1-2): 67--78. (Sth. Biol. Doñana, C.S.I.C., Apdo. 1056, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain). {ROL #81}
{B320} Beyers, B. E., & D. E. Kroodsma. 1999. They sang it their way: The deviant chickadees of Martha's Vineyard. Bird Obs. (Massachusetts) 27: 4--11. (C/O BOEM, P.O. Box 236, Arlington, MA 02476, USA.)---Poecile atricapillus in this Massachusetts, USA locality have monotone songs, diverse song repertoire, and well developed dialects.---W.E.D. {ROL #81}
{B320} Braaten, R. F., & K. Reynolds. 1999. Auditory preference for conspecific song in isolation-reared Zebra Finches. Anim. Behav. 58: 105--111. (Dept. Psychol., Colgate Univ., Hamilton, NY 13346, USA. EM: rbraaten@mail.colgate.edu)---Taeniopygia guttata. {ROL #81}
{B320} Brown, T. J., & P. Handford. 2000. Sound design for vocalizations: Quality in the woods, consistency in the fields. Condor 102: 81--92. (Dept. Zool., B & G Bldg., Univ. Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Can.; EM: tjbrown@uwo.ca)---Tested the acoustic adaptation hypothesis prediction that open habitat signals should be structured as rapid amplitude modulation trills; closed habitat signals should be structured as low-rate AM tonal whistles. Found whistles degrade less than trills in both habitats, while trills in open habitats tend to be received with more consistent quality than whistles.---S.N.L. {reverberation, transmission consistency} {ROL #81}
{B320} Buchanan, K. L., et al. 1999. Song as an indicator of parasitism in the Sedge Warbler. Anim. Behav. 57: 307--314. (Dept. Biol. Mol. Sci., Univ. Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK. EM: klb1@stir.ac.uk)---Acrocephalus schoenobaenus. {B704} {ROL #81}
{B320} Chatwin, T. A. 1996. The influence of wind and time on calling rate of the Common Poorwill (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii): considerations for inventory. Brit. Columbia Birds 6: 3--6. (B.C. Ministry Environ., Lands & Parks, 2080 Labieux Rd., Nanaimo, BC V9T 6J9, Can.)---Contrary to previous findings, calling rates during six June nights in British Columbia were higher after twilight than during crepuscular periods. As expected, detection of calling rates at a given time was reduced during periods of high winds.---M.K.M. {E506} {ROL #81}
{B320} Collias, N. E. 2000. Vocal signals of the Village Weaver: A spectrographic key and the communication code. Condor 102: 60--80. (Dept. Organismic Biol., Ecol., & Evol., Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.)---Sound spectrograms were made of 21 of the 26 vocal signals of Ploceus cucullatus. Essential stimulus situations are described and calls are classified with reference to Darwin’s principle of antithesis.---S.N.L. {ROL #81}
{B320} Collins, C. E., & A. M. Houtman. 1999. Tan and white color morphs of White-throated Sparrows differ in their non-song vocal responses to territorial intrusion. Condor 101: 842--845. (Dept. Psych., 301 Wilson Hall, Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN 37240, USA; EM: christine.collins@vanderbilt.edu)---White-striped morphs of Zonotrichia albicollis show more aggressive behavior than tan-striped. Tan-striped responded to playback simulating territorial intrusion with more low aggression calls. Production of high aggression calls did not differ, but rate of production may be related to stage of breeding cycle.---S.N.L. {B302, territory defense, vocalizations, plumage variants} {ROL #81}
{B320} Crafford, J. W. H. Ferguson, & A. C. Kemp. 1999. Why do Grass Owls (Tyto capensis) produce clicking calls? J. Raptor Res. 33: 134--142. (Dept. Zool. Entomol., Univ. Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa.)---Presents evidence that clicks are involved in social communication between owls, rather than in echolocation or prey capture.---P.A.G. {ROL #81}
{B320} Elekonich, M. M. 1998. Song Sparrow males use female-typical vocalizations in Fall. Condor 100: 145--148. (Dept. Entomol., Univ. Illinois, 320 Morrill, MC-118, 505 S. Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; EM: elekonic@uiuc.edu)---Use of female chitter call by both sexes may allow adults to communicate about territories to juvenile males who cannot yet sing full adult male songs.---S.N.L. {ROL #81}
{B320} Enriquez, P. L., & J. L. Rangel Salazar. 1997. Intra- and interspecific calling in a tropical owl community. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 525--532. (Col. Frontera Sur, Apdo. 63, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, México.)---Otus guatemalae, Lophostrix cristata, Ciccaba virgata, Pulsatrix perspicillata. Variable response rates in Costa Rica.---J.M.S. {ROL #81}
{B320} Evans, C. S., & L. Evans. 1999. Chicken food calls are functionally referential. Anim. Behav. 58: 307--319. (Dept. Psychol., Macquarie Univ., Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM: chris@galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au)---Female Gallus domesticus respond to food calls by looking downwards---A.K.T. {ROL #81}
{B320} Gil, D., J. A. Graves, & P. J. B. Slater. 1999. Seasonal patterns of singing in the Willow Warbler: evidence against the fertility announcement hypothesis. Anim. Behav. 58: 995--1000. (Lab. Psychophysiol. Ethol., Univ. Paris X, 92001 Nanterre, France. EM: diego.gil@u-paris10.fr)---Phylloscopus trochilus. {ROL #81}
{B320} Horn, A. G. 1996. Dawn song repertoires of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Can. J. Zool. 74: 1084--1091. (Dept. Biol., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Can.) {ROL #81}
{B320} Houx, B., & C. ten Cate. 1999. Song learning from playback in Zebra Finches: is there an effect of operant contingency? Anim. Behav. 57: 837--845. (Inst. Ecol. Evol. Sci., Univ. Leiden, PO Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM: tencate@rulsfb.leidenuniv.nl)---Not in Taeniopygia guttata.---A.K.T. {E522} {ROL #81}
{B320} Jouventin, P., T. Aubin, & T. Lengagne. 1999. Finding a parent in a King Penguin colony: the acoustic system of individual recognition. Anim. Behav. 57: 1175--1183. (CEFE-CNRS UPR 9056, 1919 Route de Mende, F-34213 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. EM: jouventin@cefe.cnrs-mop.fr)---Aptenodytes patagonicus. {B718} {ROL #81}
{B320} Kroodsma, D. E., et al. 1999. Sedentary life style of Neotropical Sedge Wrens promotes song imitation. Anim. Behav. 57: 855--863. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. EM: kroodsma@bio.umass.edu)---Cistothorus palustris. {ROL #81}
{B320} Kuntz, W. A., & P. B. Stacey. 1997. Preliminary investigation of vocal variation in the Mexican Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis lucida): Would vocal analysis of the four-note location call be a useful field tool for individual identification? USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 561--568. (Dept. Environ. Resour. Sci. & Prog. Ecol., Evol. Conserv. Biol., Univ. Nevada, Reno, NV 89512, USA.)---Probably not. Some individual variation overlaps other individuals.---J.M.S. {E506} {ROL #81}
{B320} Lambrechts, M. M., & A. A. Dhondt. 1995. Individual voice discrimination in birds. Curr. Ornithol. 12: 115--139. (CNRS-CEFE, B. P. 5051, 34000 Montpellier Cedex 1, France.)---Reviews and discusses hypotheses on vocal cues used to recognize individuals by song, with emphasis on hypothesis that all vocalizations of an individual may share distinctive features, as in human voice.---S.N.L. {ROL #81}
{B320} Liu, W-C., & D. E. Kroodsma. 1999. Song development by Chipping Sparrows and Field Sparrows. Anim. Behav. 57: 1275--1286. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. EM: wliu@bio.umass.edu)---Spizella passerina, Spizella pusilla. {ROL #81}
{B320} Loghlen, A. L., & M. D. Beecher. 1999. Mate, neighbour and stranger song: a female Song Sparrow perspective. Anim. Behav. 58: 13--20. (Dept. Psychol., Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Email: ologhlen@u.washington.edu)---Female Melospiza melodia respond most to mate, least to stranger song---A.K.T. {ROL #81}
{B320} Macdougall-Shackleton, S. A. 1997. Sexual selection and the evolution of song repertoires. Curr. Ornithol. 14: 81--124. (Dept. Ecol. & Evol. Biol., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.)---Reviews the distribution of song repertoires in passerines and hypotheses proposed to account for the evolution of song repertoires including quality-indicator, immunocompetence-handicap, different-messages, Beau Geste, anti-exhaustion, neighbor-matching, antihabituation and sensory exploitation hypotheses. (Includes appendix of estimated mean repertoire size for passerine species.)---S.N.L. {ROL #81}
{B320} MacDougall-Shackleton, E., & H. Harbison. 1998. Singing behavior of lekking Green Hermits. Condor 100: 149--152. (Dept. Ecol. & Evol. Biol., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, USA; EM: eams@princeton.edu)---Time devoted to singing and number of songs produced by male Phaethornis guy may vary with location of territory, with males near the center of lek singing more than males on periphery.---S.N.L. {ROL #81}
{B320} Melman, D. S., & W. A. Searcy. 1999. Microgeographic song discrimination in a nonterritorial passerine, the Boat-tailed Grackle. Condor 101: 845--848. (WAS: Dept. Biol., Univ. Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.)---Male Quiscalus major responded more strongly to songs recorded at their own colony than to songs recorded at colonies 4-13 km distant.---S.N.L. {ROL #81}
{B320} Miyasato, L. E., & M. C. Baker. 1999. Black-capped Chickadee call dialects along a continuous habitat corridor. Anim. Behav. 57: 1311--1318. (Sect. Neurobiol., Physiol. & Behav., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. EM: lemiyasato@uc.davis.edu)---Poecile atricapillus. {ROL #81}
{B320} Nagle, L., M. L. Kreutzer, & E. M. Vallet. 1997. A chorus song style influences sexual responses in female canaries. Can. J. Zool. 75: 638--640. (MLK: Ctr. Natl. de la Recherche Sci., Unite de Recherche Associee no. 2214, Lab. de Psychophysiologie et d'Ethologie, Univ. Paris X, 200, ave. de la Republique, 92000 Nanterre, France.)---Serinus canaria. {ROL #81}
{B320} Naguib, M. 1999. Effects of song overlapping and alternating on nocturnally singing Nightingales. Anim. Behav. 58: 1061--1067. (Lehrstuhl f. Verhaltensforschung, Univ. Bielefeld, PO Box 10 01 31, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. EM: mnaguib@biologie.uni-bielefeld.de)---Luscinia megarhynchos. {ROL #81}
{B320} Nelson, D. A. 1999. Ecological influences on vocal development in the White-crowned Sparrow. Anim. Behav. 58: 21--36. (Dept. Evol. Ecol. & Organismal Biol., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA. EM: nelson.228@osu.edu)---Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii, with a short breeding season, has short sensitive phase for song learning---A.K.T. {ROL #81}
{B320} Nowicki, S., et al. 1999. The development of within-song type variation in Song Sparrows. Anim. Behav. 57: 1257--1264. (Dept. Zool., Duke Univ., Box 90325, Durham, NC 27708-0325, USA. EM: snowicki@acpub.duke.edu)---Melospiza melodia. {ROL #81}
{B320} Ottvall, R. 1999. Female Corncrake (Crex crex) singing in the wild. J. f. Ornithol. 140: 453--456. (Dept. of Anim. Ecol., Univ. of Lund, Ecology Building, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.) {ROL #81}
{B320} Podos, J., S. Nowicki, & S. Peters. 1999. Permissiveness in the learning and development of song syntax in Swamp Sparrows. Anim. Behav. 58: 93--103. (Dept. Ecol. Evol. Biol., Univ. Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. EM: jpodos@u.arizona.edu)---Melospiza georgiana. {ROL #81}
{B320} Powys, V. 1999. Weebill vocalisations---an undescribed trill. Emu 99: 295--297. (‘Rocklands’, Glen Davis Rd., Capertee Valley, NSW 2846, Australia.)---Smicrornis brevirostris. {ROL #81}
{B320} Price, J. J. 1999. Recognition of family-specific calls in Stripe-backed Wrens. Anim. Behav. 57: 483--492. (Dept. Biol., Univ. N. Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA. EM: jordanp@EM.unc.edu)---Campylorhynchus nuchalis. {ROL #81}
{B320} Rasmussen, P. C., & Farah Ishtiaq. 1999. Vocalisations and behaviour of the Forest Owlet Athene (Heteroglaux) blewitti. Forktail 15: 61--65. (Div. Birds, NHB Room 336, MRC 114, Smithsonian Inst., Washington, D.C. 20560-0131, USA.)---Observation of a pair in NW Maharastra, India, during June and July 1998; first information on song.---I.C.R. {ROL #81}
{B320} Riebel, K., & P. J. B. Slater. 1998. Testing female Chaffinch song preferences by operant conditioning. Anim. Behav. 56: 1443--1453. (Inst. Evol. Ecol. Sci., Leiden Univ., PO Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM: riebel@rulsfb.leidenuniv.nl)---Fringilla coelebs. {ROL #81}
{B320} Riebel. K., & P. J. B. Slater. 1999. Song type switching in the Chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs: timing or counting? Anim. Behav. 57: 655--661. (Inst. Ecol. Evol. Sci., Univ. Leiden, PO Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM: riebel@leidenuniv.nl). {ROL #81}
{B320} Searcy, W. A., S. Nowicki, & S. Peters. 1999. Song types as fundamental units in vocal repertoires. Anim. Behav. 58: 37--44. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA. EM: wsearcy@miami.edu)---Melospiza melodia. {ROL #81}
{B320} Spector, D. A. 1992. Wood-warbler song systems: A review of paruline singing behaviors. Curr. Ornithol. 9: 199--238. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.)---Identifies and discusses two major song systems that occur in Parulinae genera.---S.N.L. {ROL #81}
{B320} Stark, R. D., D. J. Dodenhoff, & E. V. Johnson. 1998. A quantitative analysis of woodpecker drumming. Condor 100: 350--356. (Dept. Zool., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; EM: stark.47@postbox.acs.ohio-state.edu)---Analysis of drumming patterns of 11 species of California woodpeckers found that drumming is not species-specific. However, further analysis of drum signal using syntopic species indicated signal specificity within their acoustical environment.---S.N.L. {discriminant analysis, song, Picoides nuttallii, Picoides albolarvatus, Picoides villosus, Picoides pubescens, Colaptes auratus, Dryocopus pileatus, Melanerpes formicivorus, Picoides arcticus, Sphyrapicus ruber, Sphyrapicus thyroideus, Picoides scalaris} {ROL #81}
{B320} Suthers, R. A., & F. Goller. 1997. Motor correlates of vocal diversity in songbirds. Curr. Ornithol. 14: 235--288. (Med. Sci. Prog., Prog. Neural Sci., Ctr. Integrative Study of Anim. Behav., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.)---Basic mechanisms of song production (structure for phonation, gating), motor strategies for increasing song tempo and duration, spectral and phonetic complexity, control of vocal intensity, and motor constraints on the evolution of song complexity.---S.N.L. {E122, syrinx} {ROL #81}
{B320} Tome, D. 1997. Timing of territorial vocal activity of the Long-Eared Owl (Asio otus) in Slovenia. Ardeola 44 (2): 227--228. (Inst. Biol., Vecna 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.) {B316} {ROL #81}
{B320} Tubaro, P. L., & B. Mahler. 1998. Acoustic frequencies and body mass in New World doves. Condor 100: 54--61. (Lab. Biol. Comportamiento, Inst. Biol. Med. Exp., Obligado 2490, 1428-Buenos Aires, Argentina; EM: ptubaro@proteus.dna.uba.ar)---Study of songs of 44 species of New World doves found negative relationship among frequencies and body mass, irrespective of model of character evolution chosen.---S.N.L. {comparative analysis, song, habitat} {ROL #81}
{B320} Yamaguchi, A. 1998. A sexually dimorphic learned birdsong
in the Northern Cardinal. Condor 100: 504--511. (Dept. Biol. Sci.,
Sherman Fairchild Ctr. Life Sci., Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027, USA;
EM: ay64@columbia.edu)---Songs of Cardinalis cardinalis are sexually
dimorphic in syllable stereotypy and amplitude of harmonics.---S.N.L. {bioacoustics,
vocal learning} {ROL #81}
{B500} Brown, B. T., et al. 1999. The influence of weapons-testing
noise on Bald Eagle behavior. J. Raptor Res. 33: 227--232. (SWCA, Inc.,
Environ. Consultants, 230 South 500 East, Suite 230, Salt Lake City, UT
84102, USA.)---Haliaeetus leucocephalus. {B908} {ROL #81}
{B500} Fletcher, R. J., Jr., S. T. Mckinney, & C. E. Bock. 1999. Effects of recreational trails on wintering diurnal raptors along riparian corridors in a Colorado grassland. J. Raptor Res. 33: 233--239. (Dept. Anim. Ecol., 124 Sci. Hall, Iowa St. Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA.)---Phoenicopterus ruber. {B908} {ROL #81}
{B500} Galicia, E., & G. A. Baldassarre. 1997. Effects of motorized tourboats on the behavior of nonbreeding American flamingos in Yucatan, Mexico. Conserv. Biol. 11: 1159--1165. (State Univ. New York, Coll. Environ. Sci. & For. 1 For. Dr., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.) {B908} {ROL #81}
{B500} Kenward, R. E. 1999. Solving raptor-human conflicts. J. Raptor Res. 33: 38. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Furzebrook Res. Stn., Wareham, Dorset BH20 5AS, UK.)---Introductory note accompanying the succeeding 8 "expanded abstracts" (J. Raptor Res. 33: 39--75); abstracted from papers presented in a symposium at the 1993 European conference of the Raptor Research Foundation.--P.A.G. {B908} {ROL #81}
{B500} Kurosawa, R., et al. 2000. [The relationship between Jungle Crows Corvus macrorhynchos and garbage in Tokyo.] Strix 18: 71--78. (Res. Ctr., Wild Bird Soc. Japan, 2-35-2 Minamidaira, Hino, Tokyo 191-0041, Japan.)---Crows are most numerous in commercial areas in Tokyo. (Japanese, Engl. summ.)---M.J.U. {ROL #81}
{B500} Parker, J. W. 1999. Raptor attacks on people. J. Raptor Res. 33: 63--66. (Aerie East, RR 3, Box 3110, Farmington, ME 04938, USA.)---Reviews the causes and records of raptor attacks on people, and proposes management solutions.---P.A.G. {ROL #81}
{B500} Wood, P. B. 1999. Bald Eagle response to boating activity in north-central Florida. J. Raptor Res. 33: 97--101. (West Virginia Coop. Fish & Wildl. Unit, BRD, USGS & WV Univ. Div. For., Morgantown, WV 26506-6125, USA.)---Haliaeetus leucocephalus. {B908} {ROL #81}
{B502} Bayle, P. 1999. Preventing birds of prey problems at transmission lines in western Europe. J. Raptor Res. 33: 43--48. (15 rue Bravet, 13005 Marseille, France.)---Electrocution and proposed solutions.---P.A.G. {ROL #81}
{B502} Castaño L., J. P., & J. Guzmán P. 1993. [Reaping and other causes of mortality for Circus pygargus and Circus cyaneus in the SE of Ciudad Real {Spain}.] Alytes R.E.C.N. 6: 137--143. (No address given.) {C912} {ROL #81}
{B502} Fernández, J. M. 1998. Relationship between mortality on electric power lines and avian abundance in a locality of León [Spain]. Ardeola 45 (1): 63--67. (Inst. Alavès de la Nat.,c/Pedro de Asa ,2. E-01008 Vitoria, Alava, Spain) {C912} {ROL #81}
{B502} Guzmán, J. P. 1998. Raptor mortality by electrocution in power lines in eastern Sierra Morena and Campo de Montiel [Spain]. Ardeola 45 (2): 161--169. (Avda. 1. de Julio, 16. E-13300 Valdepeñas, Ciudad Real, Spain.) {C912} {ROL #81}
{B502} Guzmán P., J., & J. P. Castaño L. 1993. [Electrocution mortality of raptors in the S.E. of Ciudad Real {Spain}.] Alytes R.E.C.N. 6: 473--478. (José Antonio, 13-1º, E-13300 Valdepeñas, España.) {ROL #81}
{B502} Herron, J. 1997. Television transmission tower kills in Lewis County, West Virginia. Redstart 64: 110--117. (511 Ohio Ave., Fairmont, WV 26554, USA.)---Over a 9-year period 841 birds of 58 species were collected.---G.A.H. {ROL #81}
{B502} Janss, G. F. E., & M. Ferrer. 1999. Mitigation of raptor electrocution on steel power poles. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 263--273. (Dept. Appl. Biol., Estación Biológica de Doñana, Avda. de Maria Luisa s/n, Pabellón del Perú, 41013 Sevill, Spain.)---Of 12 possible modifications to power poles, insulation of crossarm braces was the most effective and practical means to reduce electrocution of raptors; Buteo buteo, Circaetus gallicus, Circus pygargus, Falco tinnunculus, Hieraaetus fasciatus, Milvus migrans, Neophron percnopterus, Strix aluco, Tyto alba.---W.P.J. {ROL #81}
{B502} Janss, G. F. E., A. Lazo, & M. Ferrer. 1999. Use of raptor models to reduce avian collisions with powerlines. J. Raptor Res. 33: 154--159. (Estación Biol. de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Invest. Cient., Dept. Appl. Biol., Avda. de Maria Luisa s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.) {ROL #81}
{B502} Kelly, T. A. 1999. Seasonal variation in birdstrike rate for two North American raptors: Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) and Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). J. Raptor Res. 33: 59--62. (507 Hwy. 2297, Panama City, FL 32404, USA.) {ROL #81}
{B502} Kochert, M. N., & R. R. Olendorff. 1999. Creating raptor benefits from powerline problems. J. Raptor Res. 33: 39--42. (USGS For. Range. Ecosystem Sci. Ctr., Snake R. Field Stn., 970 Lusk St., Boise, ID 83706, USA.)---Electrocutions and some proposed solutions.---P.A.G. {ROL #81}
{B502} Ledger, J. A., & J. C. A. Hobbs. 1999. Raptor use and abuse of powerlines in Southern Africa. J. Raptor Res. 33: 49--52. (Endangered Wildl. Trust, Private Bag x 11, Parkview, 2122 South Africa.) {ROL #81}
{B502} Lorenzo, J. A. 1995. [First report on avian mortality by electric power lines in Fuerteventura Island {Canary Islands, Spain}.] Ecología 9: 403--407. (Depto. Biol. Anim., Fac. Biol., Univ. La Laguna,. Tenerife, España.) {ROL #81}
{B502} Lovell, C. D., & R. A. Dolbeer. 1999. Validation of the United States Air Force Bird Avoidance Model. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 167--171. (USDA, Animal & Plant Health Inspection Serv., Wildl. Services, 126 Boardman-Poland Rd., Youngstown, OH 44512, USA.) {ROL #81}
{B502} Massemin, S., & T. Zorn. 1998. Highway mortality of Barn Owls in northeastern France. J. Raptor Res. 32: 229--232. (Ctr. d’Ecologie et Physiol. Energétiques, CNRS, 23 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France.)---Tyto alba. {C912} {ROL #81}
{B502} Oscar, F. 1999. Seasonal dynamics of traffic casualties on birds in central Spain: age and number of individuals and species richness and diversity. Ardeola 46 (1): 23--30. (Depto. Biol. Anim., Fac. Cienc.,Univ. Alcalá. 28871. Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; EM:bnjps@bioani.alcala.es.) {C912} {ROL #81}
{B502} Thompson, M. M. 1999. Using a GIS to integrate seasonal raptor distributions into a bird avoidance model for aircraft. J. Raptor Res. 33: 53--58. (HQ AFCESA, 139 Barnes Drive, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL 32403, USA.) {E506} {ROL #81}
{B502} van der Ree, R. 1999. Barbed wire fencing as a hazard for wildlife. Vic. Nat. 116: 210--217. (Sch. Ecol. Environ., Deakin Univ., Rusden Campus, 662 Blackburn Rd., Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia.)---Lists 41 bird species, identifies high risk areas and offers fencing alternatives.---I.D.E. {ROL #81}
{B502} Yanagawa, H., & T. Shibuya. 2000. [Bird-window collisions at two elementary schools in Tokachi district, Hokkaido, Japan.] Strix 18: 79--87. (Lab. Wildl. Ecol., Obihiro Univ. Agric. & Vet. Med., Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.)---Differences in the numbers of birds killed by window-collisions appear to be related to differences in the numbers of birds, especially Coccothraustes coccothraustes, breeding and feeding near the buildings. (Japanese, Engl. summ.)---M.J.U. {ROL #81}
{B504} Danko, S. 1997 [Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) at the Senné-ponds National Nature Reserve and the adjacent Inacovce-Senné ponds area {Slovakia}.] Tichodroma 10: 7--35. (Zemplínske múzeum, 071 01 Michalovce, Slovakia.)---A large population increase in recent years is threatening the livelihood of fishermen. (Slovak, Engl. summ.)---P.R.B. {C914} {ROL #81}
{B504} Gandini, P. A., et al. 1999. Interaction between Magellanic Penguins and shrimp fisheries in Patagonia, Argentina. Condor 101: 783--789. (Ctr. Invest. Puerto Deseado, Univ. Nac. Patagonia Austral, Almirante Brown y Colón s/n (9050), Puerto Deseado, Santa Cruz, Argentina; EM: rafrere@pdeseado.com.ar)---The effect of the shrimp fishery at Golfo San Jorge on Spheniscus magellanicus was analyzed from observations over 200 days and 3 austral summers in terms of: incidental penguin kill (mortality rate 0.33% of breeding population/summer) and overlap of penguin diet and fish by-catch by fishery. The fishery by-catch of anchovy and hake was found to be higher than estimated total daily intake by breeding penguins.---S.N.L. {ROL #81}
{B504} Ishida, A., et al. 2000. [The population increase of the Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo and its damaging effect on fisheries and trees in Japan---the present situation, the problems in each area and future measures.] Strix 18: 1--27. (Aichi For. Inst., Hourai, Minamishitara, Aichi 441-1622, Japan.)---Describe damage to fisheries and forestry industries and suggest future measures with reference to cases in other countries. (Japanese, Engl. summ.)---M.J.U. {E520} {ROL #81}
{B504} Kirk, D. A., M. D. Evenden, & P. Mineau. 1996. Past and current attempts to evaluate the role of birds as predators of insect pests in temperate agriculture. Curr. Ornithol. 13: 175--269. (Aquila Applied Ecologists, Wakefield, PQ J0X 3G0, Can.)---Examines evidence that birds may be important predators, discusses which bird species prey on insect pests and whether they congregate at high enough densities to have an impact on invertebrate populations, formulates a model to estimate consumption, and reviews ways to encourage bird species beneficial to agriculture.---S.N.L. {agroecosystem, economic ornithology} {ROL #81}
{B504} Leukona, J. M. 1998. Impact of Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis, Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus and Grey Heron Ardea cinerea on a fish farm in Navarra [Spain] during the winter season. Ardeola 45 (2): 171--182. (c/o Virgen de Puy, 5, 7D, E-31011 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; EM: nd10313@autovia.com) {ROL #81}
{B504} Loker, C. A., D. J. Decker, & S. J. Schwager. 1999. Social acceptability of wildlife management actions in suburban areas: 3 cases from New York. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 152--159. (Alaska Dept. Fish Game, Div. Wildl. Conserv., Anchorage, AK 99518, USA.)---Branta canadensis. {E520} {ROL #81}
{B508} Drewien, R. C., et al. 1999. Detecting Trumpeter Swans harvested in Tundra Swan hunts. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 95--102. (Hornocker Wildl. Inst., Univ. Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA.)---Bill measurements suggest 0.7% of 1,424 Cygnus columbianus taken in Utah from 1994-1996 were actually Cygnus buccinator, and 2.1% of those taken in Montana were actually trumpeter swans.---W.P.J. {D702} {ROL #81}
{B508} Heusmann, H. W. 1999. Special hunting seasons and resident Canada Goose populations. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 456--464. (Massachusetts Div. Fish. Wildl., Westborough, MA 01581, USA.)---The number of Branta canadensis harvested in seasons scheduled to target resident geese in Massachusetts was not enough to reduce the resident population, primarily because only a limited number of hunters participated in the special seasons.---W.P.J. {E520} {ROL #81}
{B508} Olsen, R. E., & A. D. Afton. 1999. Goose hunter opinion concerning proposed management actions to reduce the mid-continent population of lesser Snow Geese. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 109--114. (ADA: USGS, Louisiana Coop. Fish Wildl. Res. Unit, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.)---Chen caerulescens. {E520} {ROL #81}
{B508} Orsini, P. 1998. [Hunting of the Woodcock Scolopax rusticola in 1997-1998 in the Var département, southeast France.] Faune de Provence 19: 25--31. (Muséum Hist. Nat., 113 bd Maréchal Leclerc, F-83000 Toulon, France.)---81,000 birds shot in 1997-1998, 35,900 in 1974-1975 and 66,200 in 1983-1984. (French, English summ.)---G.O. {ROL #81}
{B508} Rothwell, R. 1993. Antelope, Sage Grouse, and Neotropical migrants. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-229: 396--401. (Wyoming Game & Fish Dept., Cheyenne, WY 82009, USA.)---Suggests that management goals for game and non-game species are similar and compatible. Centrocercus urophasianus.---W.M.G. {B904, B910, B912, Partners in Flight} {ROL #81}
{B508} Yerkes, T., & T. Kowalchuk. 1999. Use of artificial nesting structures by redheads. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27: 91--94. (Ducks Unlimited, Inc., Inst. Wetlands Waterfowl Res., One Waterfowl Way, Memphis, TN 38120, USA.)---Over a 3-year period Aythya americana used 4% of 385 available nesting structures.---W.P.J. {ROL #81}
{B508} Zilinec, M. 1996 [Game birds in Sweden from 1939 to 1993.] Tichodroma 9: 185--197. (Ústav ekológie lesa SAV, Štúrova 2, 96052 Zvolen, Slovakia.) (Slovak, Engl. summ.) {ROL #81}
{B510} Carr, P. 1998. Notes on the trade of large waterbirds for food in Cambodia. Oriental Bird Club Bull. 27: 49--50. (Public Relations, Headquarters Roy. Marines, Whale Island, Portsmouth, PO2 8DX, UK.)---Human pressure on large waterbirds throughout SE Asia has led to serious decline. Species and numbers being used for food listed.---I.C.R. {B904} {ROL #81}
{B510} Mikkola, H. 1997. World distribution of owlaholics. USDA,
For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 583. (Private Mail Bag Nr. 10, Banjul,
The Gambia, West Africa.)---People who collect anything with owls on the
object are mostly in U.S., Europe and Australia.---J.M.S. {ROL #81}
{B700} Amat, J. A. 1998. Nesting biology of the Yellow Wagtail Motacilla
flava in southwestern Iberia. Ardeola 45 (1): 83--85. (Estación
Biológica de Doñana, C.S.I.C., Apdo. 1056, E-41080 Sevilla,
Spain; EM: aguilar@cica.es) {ROL #81}
{B700} Andrusiak, L. A., & K. M. Cheng. 1997. Breeding biology of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in the lower mainland of British Columbia. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-190: 38--46. (Keystone Wildl. Res., 1480 Foster St. #52, White Rock, BC V4B 3X7, Can.)---Study at northern limit of species range in N. Amer.---J.M.S. {ROL #81}
{B700} Arroyo, B. E., & V. Bretagnolle. 1999. Breeding biology of the Short Eared Owl (Asio flammeus) in agricultural habitats of southwestern France. J. Raptor Res. 33: 287--294. (CNRS-CEBC, 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France.) {ROL #81}
{B700} Bancroft, J. 1998. Ospreys nest successfully despite conflict with Bald Eagles. Blue Jay 56: 85--88. (306-200 Tuxedo Blvd., Winnipeg, MB R3P 0R3, Can.)---Pandion haliaetus, Haliaeetus leucocephalus. {ROL #81}
{B700} Barnes, C. P., E. E. Zillmann, & A. B. Rose. 1999. Breeding behaviour and diet of the Square-tailed Kite Lophoictinia isura in South-eastern Queensland [Australia]. Aust. Bird Watcher 18: 133--152. (c/o Bundaberg Base Hospital, Bundaberg, Qld. 4670, Australia.)---Behaviour patterns, including previously undescribed sunning and sibling rivalry, sex roles, voice, and growth and development of young.---I.D.E. {ROL #81}
{B700} Blahušiak, M. 1997 [Behaviour of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) during the breeding season.] Tichodroma 10: 85--88. (Švermova 1/22, 038 61 Vrútky, Slovakia.) (Slovak, Engl. summ.) {ROL #81}
{B700} Calderón, J., et al. 1991. [The Imperial Eagle (Aquila adalberti) in Doñana {Spain}: Some breeding aspects.] Alytes R.E.C.N. 5: 47--71. (Est. Biol. Doñana. Apdo. 1056. E-41080, Sevilla, España.) {ROL #81}
{B700} Ferlini, F & R. Ferlini. 1997. Status and breeding biology of Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus in Pavia province [Italy]. Gli Uccelli d`Italia 22 (1): 70--81. (Via Cantore, 3 27040 Castelletto di Branduzzo, Pavia, Italy.) {C310} {ROL #81}
{B700} Fraga, R. M., & J. A. Amat. 1996. Breeding biology of a Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) population in an inland saline lake. Ardeola 43 (1): 69--85. (Estación Biol. Doñana, C.S.I.C., Apdo. 1056, E-41080 Sevilla, España.) {ROL #81}
{B700} Gámez, I., & C. Gutiérrez. 1995. Breeding of the Marsh Harrier, Circus aeruginosus, in La Rioja [Spain]. Alytes R.E.C.N. 7: 79--80. (Joaquín Michel 18, 1ºB, Murillo de Río Laza, España) {ROL #81}
{B700} Garnett, S. T., L. P. Pedler, & G. M. Crowley. 1999. The breeding biology of the Glossy Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Emu 99: 262--279. (Dept. Environ., Heritage & Aboriginal Affairs, P.O. Box 39, Kingscote, SA 5223, Australia.) {B702, B710, B716} {ROL #81}
{B700} Margalida, A., D. García, & J. A. Bertrán. 1997. A possible case of a polyandrous quartet in the Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus). Ardeola 44 (1): 109--111. (G.E.P.T. Apdo. 43, E-25520 El Pont de Suert, Lleida, España.) {ROL #81}
{B700} Mastronardi, D., & A. Lubrano L. 1997. First data on the Bee-eater Merops apiaster breeding in the region of Phlegrean Fields [Italy]. Gli Uccelli d`Italia 22 (1): 49--53. (Assoc. Studi Ornitologici Italia Meridionale C.P. 253-80046 San Giorgo a Cremano, NA, Italy.) {ROL #81}
{B700} Mercey, P. de, & M. Théry. 1999. Breeding of the Gray-winged Trumpeter in French Guiana. Condor 101: 907--909. (MT: CNRS-UMR 8571, Lab. Ecol. Gen., Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., 4 Ave. du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France; EM: thery@mnhn.fr)---Psophia crepitans. {clutch size, eggs, incubation, nesting} {ROL #81}
{B700} Mezquida, E. T., & L. Marone. 2000. Breeding biology of Gray-crowned Tyrannulet in the Monte Desert, Argentina. Condor 102: 205--210. (P. Alameda de Osuna 74 1 C, 28042 Madrid, Spain; EM: ricardo.mezquida@adi.uam.es)---Information from 75 Serpophaga griseiceps nests: both parents participated in nest building, 98% of nests built in chañar, both adults shared 13-15 day incubation period and reared chicks during 13-14 day nestling period. Nest success: 26%. Predation may cause of nest failure.---S.N.L. {nest predation, reproductive biology} {ROL #81}
{B700} Moorman, C. E., D. L. Howell, & B. R. Chapman. 1999. Nesting ecology of Red-shouldered and Red-tailed hawks in Georgia [USA]. J. Raptor Res. 33: 248--251. (Extension For., N. Carolina St. Univ., Box 8003, Raleigh, NC 27695-8003, USA.)---Buteo lineatus, Buteo jamaicensis. {ROL #81}
{B700} Onofre, N. 1995. Breeding of the Montagu's Harrier, Circus pygargus, in Castro Verde, Baixo Alentejo [Portugal]. Alytes R.E.C.N. 7: 495--507. (Estaçao Florestal Nac. Posto Apícola. Tapada da Ajuda, P-1300 Lisboa, Portugal.) {B904} {ROL #81}
{B700} Orszaghova, Z., & P. Puchal. 1996 [Breeding of the Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) in Alder Fen Wood of Svatojursky Sur {Slovakia}.] Tichodroma 9: 115--126. (Katedra zoológie PriF UK, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.)---Loss of fledglings was highest in third nesting attempts. (Slovak, Engl. summ.)---P.R.B. {ROL #81}
{B700} Peck, G. K., & R. D. James. 1998. Breeding birds of Ontario: nidiology and distribution. Volume 2: passerines (first revision---part C: tanagers to Old World sparrows). Ontario Birds 18: 111--127. (ONRS/Ornithology, CBCB, Roy. Ont. Mus., 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, ON L0C 1H0, Can.)---Summary of known nesting records of 47 species, with data on confirmed breeding distribution in Ontario, nesting habitat, nest sites, nest composition, nest dimensions, clutch size, rate of Molothrus ater parasitism, egg dates, incubation period and nesting proximity to other species. 3 species suspected of breeding in Ontario are also indicated, and data are included on Zonotrichia leucophrys nesting on an island in Nunavut.---M.K.M. {C318} {ROL #81}
{B700} Rizi, H., et al. 1999. Nesting and reproductive characteristics of coots Fulica atra breeding on two lakes in Algeria. Ardeola 46 (2): 179--186. ( Inst. Sci. Nat., Univ. Badji Mokhtar, B.P. 12, El-Hadjar, Annaba, Algeria.) {ROL #81}
{B700} Scott, D. M. 1998. Laying hours and other nesting data of Rose-breasted Grosbeaks. Ontario Birds 18: 88--93. (Dept. Zool., Univ. West. Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Can.)---Data from 3 nests of Pheucticus ludovicianus on nest site, egg laying times and intervals, nest building, incubation period, hatching asynchrony, attendance at nest by male, and duration of young in nest.---M.K.M. {B710, B716, B718, B720} {ROL #81}
{B700} Seavy, N. E. 2000. Observations at an Ayres’ Hawk-Eagle nest in Kibale National Park, Uganda. J. Raptor Res. 34: 59--60. (2223 Bartram Hall, P. O. Box 118525, Dept. Zool., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA.)---Nest site, breeding phenology, and behavior of a nesting pair of Hieraaetus ayresii.---P.A.G. {B702, B716, B718} {ROL #81}
{B700} Strautman, C. 1998. Bonaparte's Gull nest near Speers. Blue Jay 56: 242. (Box 70, Speers, SK S0M 2V0, Can.)---Larus philadelphia nested successfully in spruce tree 30 m from farmhouse; 2 downy chicks were led 500 m to a slough.---R.W.N. {ROL #81}
{B700} Ueta, M. 2000. [Regional differences in the distribution of Black-billed Magpies nesting in association with Steller's Sea Eagles in Kamchatka, Russia.] Strix 18: 65--69. (Res. Ctr., Wild Bird Soc. Japan, 2-35-2 Minamidaira, Hino, Tokyo 191-0041, Japan.)---Pica pica frequently nests in association with Haliaeetus pelagicus in an area where Corvus corone and Corvus corax, which are potential predators of magpie nests, are abundant. (Japanese, Engl. summ.)---M.J.U. {ROL #81}
{B700} Venkataswamappa, M., & M. R. Chaitra. 1999. Observations of nesting Yellow-throated Bulbuls. Oriental Bird Club Bull. 30: 32. (#109, 8th. Main Rd., 4th Stage, 4th Block, Basavseshwaranagar, Bangalore 560 079, India.)---Details of breeding in Pycnonotus xantholaemus, from nest-building to fledging by this little-known bulbul from S. India.---I.C.R. {B716, B718} {ROL #81}
{B700} Weir, J. 1997. The breeding biology of a British Columbia American Avocet colony. Brit. Columbia Birds 7: 3--7. (3048 Quail Cresc., Kelowna, BC V1V 2A1, Can.)---At least 39 adult Recurvirostra americana and 19 nests comprised the first breeding colony in British Columbia. The history of earlier nestings in the province is outlined and data given on 1997 population size, nest initiation dates, nest sites, nest construction, nest composition, clutch size (including "superclutches"), egg measurements, egg shape and color, nesting chronology, post hatching behavior, and breeding success.---M.K.M. {C318} {ROL #81}
{B700} Wijesinghe, M. 1999. Nesting of Green-billed Coucals Centropus chlororhynchus in Sinharaja, Sri Lanka. Forktail 15: 43--45. (Sinharaja, Kundawa, Veddagala, Sri Lanka.)---Observations of a scarcely known coucal: description of nest, feeding of incubating female by male, varied diet.---I.C.R. {B716, B718} {ROL #81}
{B700} Zilinec, M. 1996 [On the breeding biology of the Red-footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus).] Tichodroma 9: 198--201. (Nitriansky Hrádok, Za kostolom 2, 942 01 Šurany, Slovakia.)---Breeding biology and behaviour. (Slovak, Engl. summ.)---P.R.B. {ROL #81}
{B702} Amat, J. A., R. M. Fraga, & G. M. Arroyo. 1999. Replacement clutches by Kentish Plovers. Condor 101: 746--751. (Est. Biol. Doñana, C.S.I.C., Apartado 1056, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain; EM: aguilar@cica.es)---Examines factors affecting renesting rates in Charadrius alexandrinus over 6 breeding seasons in Spain. Renesting was mainly constrained by time and partially compensated for initial clutch losses; success of replacement clutches moderate but potentially important to lifetime productivity.---S.N.L. {laying date, nesting cover, renesting} {ROL #81}
{B702} Avilés, J. M., A. Sánchez, & A. Muñoz. 1998. Influence of nest-box age and occurrence of other species on laying time of the Roller (Coracias garrulus, L.) in steppes of the Extremadura region [Spain]. Misc. Zool. 21 (1): 1--7. (Area Biol. Anim., Depto. Zool., Fac. Cienc., Univ. Extremadura, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain). {B716} {ROL #81}
{B702} Castaño, J. P. 1997. Phenology and reproductive parameters of a Montagu's Harrier (Circus pygargus) population breeding in Campo de Montiel [Spain]. Ardeola 44 (1): 51--59. (C/ Alcarria, 92, 3º, E-28915 Leganés, Madrid, España.) {ROL #81}
{B702} DeMary, J. E. 1998. Early nesting by the Carolina Wren in West Virginia. Redstart 65: 142. (Smithsonian Nat. Ctr., 741 Miller Dr. SE, Suite G2, Leesburg, VA 20177, USA.)---Nest of Thryothorus ludovicianus with 3 eggs abandoned on Feb. 14.---G.A.H. {ROL #81}
{B702} Fellows, S. D., & R. J. Gress. 1999. Breeding Mountain Plovers in Kansas. Bull. Kansas Ornithol. Soc. 50(4): 29--35. (USFWS, Great Plains Nature Center, 6232 E. 29th St. N., Wichita, KS 67220, USA.)---37 instances of breeding and numerous possible others, by Charadrius montanus in 4 SW counties, 1993--99.---R.F.J. {B904, B908} {ROL #81}
{B702} Gil-Delgado, J. A., & P. Lacort. 1996. The breeding season of the Blackbird, Turdus merula, in orange groves: Breeding time and number of clutches. Ardeola 43 (1): 41--48. (Depto. Microbiol. & Ecol., Univ. Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, España.) {C918} {ROL #81}
{B702} Hahn, T. P., et al. 1997. Temporal flexibility in avian reproduction: Patterns and mechanisms. Curr. Ornithol. 14: 39--80. (Dept. Ecol. & Evol. Biol., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; EM: thahn@princeton.edu)---Illustrates with selected examples how mechanisms held in common among a variety of species may underlie diverse reproductive schedules. Flexible seasonal breeders: Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), Boat-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus major), Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Band-tailed Pigeon (Columba fasciata); Opportunistic breeders, Crossbills (Loxia spp.), Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Seasonal tropical species: Seychelles Warbler (Acrocephalus seychellensis), Darwin’s Finches (Geospiza spp.).---S.N.L. {ROL #81}
{B702} Lekuona, J. M. 1998. Phenology and breeding parameters of a Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus) colony in Guipuzcoa [Spain] (1984-1993). Misc. Zool. 21 (1): 53--59. (Depto. Zool. Ecol., Univ. Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain). {ROL #81}
{B702} Seki, S. 2000. [A record of the third clutch of Great Tit in southern Japan.] Strix 18: 145--148. (Wildl. Manage. Lab., Kyushu Res. Ctr., For. & For. Products Res. Inst., 4-11-16 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-0862, Japan.)---A pair of Parus major successfully raised three broods within a single season in an evergreen broad-leaved forest. (Japanese, Engl. summ.)---M.J.U. {ROL #81}
{B704} Alves, M. A. S., & D. M. Bryant. 1998. Brood parasitism in the Sand Martin, Riparia riparia: evidence for two parasitic strategies in a colonial passerine. Anim. Behav. 56: 1323--1331. (DMB: Dept. Biol. Molec. Sci., Univ. Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.) {ROL #81}
{B704} Baltz, M. E., & Burhans, D. E. 1998. Rejection of artificial parasite eggs by Gray Kingbirds in the Bahamas. Condor 100: 566--568. (Div. Biol. Sci., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; EM: c623359@showme.missouri.edu)---Tyrannus dominicensis ejected 85% of artificial Molothrus bonariensis eggs added to nests. Short time of contact in Bahamas (since 1993) suggests retention of behavior from ancestral populations.---S.N.L. {brood parasitism} {ROL #81}
{B704} Beauchamp, G. 1998. The relationship between intra- and interspecific brood amalgamation in waterfowl. Condor 100: 153--162. (Fac. Vet. Med., Univ. Montréal, CP 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Can.; EM: beauchgu@ere.umontreal.ca)---Of 163 species of waterfowl surveyed, interspecific brood amalgamation occurred at least infrequently in 18.5% of species. 106 of a total of 263 lineages carried the intraspecific state. Among the 20 lineages that carried the interspecific state, 18 (90%) also carried the intraspecific state.---S.N.L. {comparative ecology, phylogeny} {ROL #81}
{B704} Beisenhertz, W. 1998. Mountain Tailorbird as host of Rusty-breasted Cuckoo. Kukila 10: 159--160. (Fak. Biol., Univ. Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.)---A recently fledged Cacomantis sepulcralis fed by 2 Orthotomus cucullatus; near Manado, N. Sulawesi, Indonesia; first reliable record?---I.C.R. {ROL #81}
{B704} Brown, K. M. 1998. Proximate and ultimate causes of adoption in Ring-billed Gulls. Anim. Behav. 56: 1529--1543. (Dept. Nat. Res., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. EM: kevin_brown@nps.gov)---Larus delawarensis. {ROL #81}
{B704} Clotfelter, E. D. , & K. Yasukawa. 1999. The effect of aggregated nesting on Red-winged Blackbird nest success and brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds. Condor 101: 729--736. (Dept. Biol. & Ctr. Integrative Stud. Anim. Behav., 402 N. Park Ave., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; EM: ecltfltr@macc.wisc.edu)---Studied the relationship between temporal and spatial nesting aggregations in a prairie-nesting population of Agelaius phoeniceus and patterns of brood parasitism by Molothrus ater. Results suggest that aggregations were not related to nest success or nest predation.---S.N.L. {nearest neighbor, synchrony} {ROL #81}
{B704} Davis, S. K., et al. 1999. Brown-headed Cowbird parasitizes Upland Sandpiper nest. Blue Jay 57: 73--74. (Sask. Wetland Cons. Corp., 202-2050 Cornwall St., Regina, SK S4P 2K5, Can.)---Molothrus ater, Bartramia longicauda. {ROL #81}
{B704} Dearborn, D. C., et al. 1998. Effects of Cowbird parasitism on parental provisioning and nestling food acquisition and growth. Condor 100: 326--334. (Div. Biol. Sci., 105 Tucker Hall, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7400, USA; EM: ddearborn@biosci.mbp.missouri.edu)---Passerina cyanea nestlings in nests parasitized by Molothrus ater received less food, gained mass more slowly, and spent more time begging than buntings in unparasitized nests. Adults at parasitized nests brought food more often than those at unparasitized nests.---S.N.L. {ROL #81}
{B704} Haas, C. A., & K. H. Hass. 1998. Brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds on Brown Thrashers: Frequency and rates of rejection. Condor 100: 535--540. (Dept. Fish. Wildl. Sci. (0321), Virginia Polytechnic Inst. & State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; EM: cahaas@vt.edu)---Toxostoma rufum in south-central North Dakota rejected 58% of experimentally-placed Molothrus ater eggs. Rate was significantly lower than previously reported for this and other rejecter species.---S.N.L. {egg recognition, host behavior} {ROL #81}
{B704} Johnson, D