Subject heading	Code
New journal	B010
Discontinued journal	B050
Avian biology & life history
General or Worldwide	B102
Africa, sub-Saharan & Madagascar	B104
Antarctica & sub-Antarctica	B106
Europe & Iceland	B110
New World	B114
North Africa & Middle East	B116
North America & Greenland	B118
Northern Asia & Far East	B120
Oriental (India, SE Asia, Indonesia, Philippines)	B128
South America	B130
Southern Hemisphere	B132
Behavior & communication	B300
Agonistic, aggressive & defensive behavior	B302
Learning, memory, & intelligence	B304
Locomotion (Flight, swimming, walking, etc)	B306
Self-maintenance (Daily time budget, preening, bathing, anting, roosting)	B308
Sensory perception (Auditory, magnetic, olfactory, tactile, visual sensing)	B310
Sexual behavior (Courtship, pair bonding, copulation)	B312
Social and interspecific behavior (Colonial behavior, social organization)	B314
Territoriality & home range	B316
Vocalizations & other sounds	B320
Birds & humans	B500
Collisions & other artificial fatalities	B502
Damage to crops or fisheries	B504
Gamebird management & hunting	B508
Introduced species (non-game)	B509
Uses of birds by humans	B510
Breeding habits	B700
Breeding schedule & dates	B702
Brood parasitism , Egg dumping, & Foster parenting	B704
Cooperative or communal breeding	B706
Eggs & incubation, including egg physiology & morphology	B710
Extra-pair mating, paternity	B712
Mating systems, sex ratio	B714
Nesting habitat, nest site, & structure	B716
Parental care & feeding	B718
Young, from hatching to fledging (Growth & Development)	B720
Conservation	B900
Captives (Maintenance, rehabilitation, & release)	B902
Declining & endangered species	B904
Education programs, politics, planning	B906
Effects of man-made environmental changes	B908
Habitat protection & management; importance of non-breeding habitats	B910
Species protection & recovery	B912
Wild bird trade	B914
Diseases, parasites, & pathology
Diseases & disease transmission	C102
Parasites: external & internal	C104
Pathology & injury	C106
Distribution & avifaunas	C300
General, worldwide, or zoogeography	C302
Africa, sub-Saharan & Madagascar	C304
Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand	C308
Europe & Iceland	C310
Mexico, Central America, & Caribbean	C312
North Africa & Middle East	C316
North America & Greenland	C318
Northern Asia & Far East	C320
Oceanic islands not incl. elsewhere	C324
Oriental (India, SE Asia, Indonesia, Philippines)	C328
South America	C330
Documentation	C700
Bibliographies & databases	C702
Biographies, obituaries, & history	C704
Collecting & collections, taxonomic specimens	C706
Ecology, environment, & populations	C900
Biocides & pollution	C902
Climate & weather effects	C906
Habitat change, selection, & use; community structure, habitat suitability models	C908
Life span & survivorship	C910
Mortality causes	C912
Population numbers, censuses, trends, & dynamics	C914
Predation & predators	C916
Reproductive effort & productivity	C918
Site fidelity & dispersal	C920
Species composition & competition; biodiversity	C922
Winter and migration habitat & habits	C926
Evolution & systematics	D100
Classification & phylogeny	D103
Evolutionary patterns, rates, & processes: species or higher taxa	D105
Co-evolution or interaction between avian and non-avian species	D106
Intraspecific variation	D108
New taxa	D110
Taxonomy & nomenclature	D114
Food habits & nutrition	D300
Diet, food selection, & nutrition	D302
Foraging habits, food transport, storage	D306
Kleptoparasitism	D308
Genetics & hybridization
Genetic polymorphism, cytogenetics and molecular genetics	D504
Hybrids & progeny	D508
Identification	D700
Species and subspecies identification	D702
Sex or age class identification	D704
Migration & navigation	D900
Migratory behavior	D902
Migratory dates, timing, counts, & routes	D904
Migratory physiology	D906
Navigation & homing	D908
Morphology & physiology	E100
Abnormal external appearance	E101
Circulatory and lymphatic systems	E102
Digestive system	E104
Embryology & development of embryo	E106
Endocrine system & hormones	E108
Excretory system & water metabolism (Urinary structures, nasal glands)	E110
Integument (Feathers, molts, plumages, integumentary structures, skin)	E114
General morphology (Body size, sexual dimorphism, regional morphology)	E116
Physiology & biochemistry (Body composition, day length effects, energy metabolism, lipid physiology, protein physiology)	E118
Reproductive system & physiology	E120
Sensory & nervous system	E124
Skeletomuscular system	E126
Paleornithology	E300
Paleocene, Eocene, & Oligocene fossils	E304
Miocene & Pliocene fossils	E306
Pleistocene & Holocene fossils & subfossils	E308
Techniques
Censuses, maps, & surveys	E506
Environmental monitoring	E508
Feeding methods and diet analysis	E509
Field methods not included elsewhere	E510
Genetic methods	E512
Mathematical models	E514
Nesting studies	E515
Photographic & video documentation	E516
Physiological methods	E518
Predator and nuisance control	E520
Tracking & remote monitoring	E524
Trapping, netting, banding, & marking	E526

Acknowledgments: We appreciate the work of the following abstractors who contributed to this issue: Rob T. Barrett, Peter H. Becker, R. G. Bijlsma, Jeremy K. Blakey, Mike G. Brooker, P. W. P. Browne, Frank J. Dirrigl, Jr., Will Dixon, Ian D. Endersby, Karl Evans, Klaus-Michael Exo, Louise K. Gentle, Julie C. Hagelin, Erik Hirschfeld, David G. Hole, V. Keller, Barnaby Marsh, G. Mayr, Darren Moorcroft, T. Morris, Hisashi Nagata, G. Olioso, Harvey D. Perkins, John M. Peter, F. Pezzo, Derek E. Pomeroy, Fiona Proffitt, A. Radford, Ian C. Rowley, Fabrizio Sergio, Will K. Steele, T. Treharne, Milan Vogrin, Thomasz Wesolowski, Ryan Woodrow.

{B010} Subbuteo. The Belarusian Ornithological Bulletin. Vol. 1, 1998. P.O. Box 197, 230023 Grodno-23, Belarus. Papers in the first volume deal with the occurrence, distribution, and nesting habits of birds in Belarus. In Russian, with English summaries. {ROL #80}

{B050} Kukila 9 will be the last volume distributed by subscription owing to lack of volunteer help. From Volume 10 onwards, Kukila will be available for sale from NHBS Mailorder Bookstore, 2-3 Wills Rd., Totnes, Devon TQ9 5XN, UK. EMail: nhbs@nhbs.co.uk Web site:< http://www.nhbs.com>. FAX: 44-01803-865-280. {ROL #80}

{B102} Wingfield, J. C., & M. Ramenofsky. 1997. Corticosterone and facultative dispersal in response to unpredictable events. Ardea 85: 155--166. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Washington, P.O. Box 351800, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.) {ROL #80}

{B104} Appert, O. 1997. [Distribution and biology of the Newtonias (Newtonia, Sylviidae) in the Mangoky region, Southwest Madagascar.] Ornithol. Beob. 94: 39--52. (Höchweid, CH-6106 Werthenstein, Switzerland)---Newtonia archboldi, Newtonia brunneicauda. (German, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B104} Aumann, T. 1995. Notes on African Hawk Eagles in the Matobo Hills, Zimbabwe. J. African Raptor Biol. 10: 4--7. (Lot 1 Hansens Creek Rd., Hoddles Creek, Vic., Australia 3139.)---Egg-laying, reproductive success and food of Hieraaetus fasciatus.---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B104} Benn, G. A., & A. C. Kemp. 1995. Diet, home range, hunting and reproductive behaviour of a pair of Dickinson's Kestrel Falco dickinsoni in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ostrich 66: 81--91. (Percy FitzPatrick Inst. of African Ornithol., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B104} Berruti, A., J. Cooper, & I. P. Newton. 1995. Morphometrics and breeding biology of the White-chinned Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis at sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Ostrich 66: 74--80. (Percy FitzPatrick Inst. of African Ornithol., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B104} Herholdt, J. J., & J. M. Mendelsohn. 1995. Survival and nest-site fidelity in the Martial Eagle in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, South Africa. J. African Raptor Biol. 10: 33--34. (Private Bag X1088, Lydenburg 1120, South Africa.)---Polemaetus bellicosus. {ROL #80}

{B104} Herholdt, J. J., A. C. Kemp, & D. du Plessis. 1996. Aspects of the breeding status and ecology of the Bateleur and Tawny Eagle in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, South Africa. Ostrich 67: 126--137. (Mpumalanga Pks. Board, P.O. Box 1990, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa.)---Terathopius ecaudatus, Aquila rapax. {ROL #80}

{B104} Hines, C. J. H. 1992. Observations on the Slaty Egret Egretta vinaceigula in northern Namibia. Ostrich 63: 118--122. (Min. Wildl. Tourism, Priv. Bag 13306, Windhoek, Namibia.)---Distribution records, information on movements, habitat preference, diet, morphology and status.---R.M.W. {ROL #80}

{B104} Hustler, K., & B. E. Marshall. 1996. The abundance and food consumption of piscivorous birds on Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe/Zambia. Ostrich 67: 23--32. (P.O. Box 159, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.) {ROL #80}

{B104} Kemp, A. C. 1995. Aspects of the breeding biology and behaviour of the Secretarybird Sagittarius serpentarius near Pretoria, South Africa. Ostrich 66: 61--68. (Dept. Birds, Transvaal Mus., P.O. Box 413, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B104} Komen, J., & C. J. Brown. 1993. Food requirements and the timing of breeding of a Cape Vulture colony. Ostrich 64: 86--92. (State Mus. Namibia, P.O. Box 1203, Windhoek, Namibia.)---Gyps coprotheres. {B702, D302} {ROL #80}

{B104} Little, R. M., R. M. Gous, & T. M. Crowe. 1993. The distribution and abundance of Grey-wing Francolin Francolinus africanus on the Stormberg Plateau, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, in relation to diet and substrata. Ostrich 64: 105--114. (Percy FitzPatrick Inst., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B104} Mlingwa, C. O. F. 1996. Breeding and moult cycles in three bulbul (Pycnonotidae) species in coastal Tanzania. Afr. J. Ecol. 34: 388--396. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.) {B702, E114} {ROL #80}

{B104} Nuttall, R. J. 1992. Breeding biology and behaviour of the Quail Finch Ortygospiza atricollis. Ostrich 63: 110--117. (Dept. Ornithol., Natl. Mus., P.O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B104} Nuttall, R. J. 1996. Notes on Delegorgue's Pigeon Columba delegorguei in the Karkloof, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Ostrich 67: 45--46. (Dept. Ornithol., Natl. Mus., P.O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B104} René de Roland, L.-A., R. Thorstrom, & R. T. Watson. 1996. Breeding records and nestling predation of Henst’s Goshawks on Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Ostrich 67: 168--170. (Peregrine Fund-Madagascar Project, B.P. 4113, Antananarivo (101), Madagascar.)---Accipiter henstii. {ROL #80}

{B104} Safford, R. J., & J. Beaumont. 1996. Observations on the biology of the Mauritius Cuckoo-shrike Coracina typica. Ostrich 67: 15--22. (Royal Holloway Inst. Environ. Res., Huntersdale, Callow Hill, Virginia Water, Surrey, GU25 4LN, UK.) {ROL #80}

{B104} Safford, R. J. 1996. Notes on the biology of the Mauritius Black Bulbul Hypsipetes olivaceus. Ostrich 67: 151--154. (Durrell Inst. Conserv. Ecol., Univ. Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NZ, UK.) {ROL #80}

{B104} Savalli, U. M. 1995. Morphology, territoriality and mating system of the Pintailed Whydah Vidua macroura. Ostrich 66: 129--134. (Dept. Biol., Allegheny Coll., Meadville, PA 16335, USA.) {B316, B714} {ROL #80}

{B104} Simmons, R., & S. Barnes. 1994. Breeding, foraging, trapping and sexing of Damara Terns in the Skeleton Coast Park, Namibia. Ostrich 65: 264--273. (Ornithol. Sec., Min. Environ. Tourism, Priv. Bag 13306, Windhoek, Namibia.)---Sterna balaenarum. {ROL #80}

{B104} Simmons, R. E., I. Cordes, & R. Braby. 1998. Latitudinal trends, population size and habitat preferences of the Damara Tern Sterna balaenarum on Namibia's desert coast. Ibis 140: 439--445. (Ornithol. Sec., Min. Environ. and Tourism, Private Bag 13306, Windhoek, Namibia.)---Life history strongly influenced by cold offshore ocean upwellings.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B104} Slotow, R., & M. R. Perrin. 1992. The importance of large prey for Black-shouldered Kite reproduction. Ostrich 63: 180--182. (Dept. Zool. Entomol., Univ. Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 3200, South Africa.)---Elanus caeruleus. {D302} {ROL #80}

{B104} Thompson, H. S. S. 1995. Biometrics and breeding biology of the Bronze Mannikin Lonchura cucullata. Ostrich 66: 96--97. (Dept. Zool., Fourah Bay College, Univ. Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.) {ROL #80}

{B106} Norman, F. I., & S. J. Ward. 1999. Aspects of the ecology of South Polar Skuas Catharacta maccormicki at Hop Island, Rauer Group, East Antarctica. Emu 99: 176--190. (Dept. Ecol. & Evol. Biol., Monash Univ., Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia.)---Skua pairs whose territory did not include breeding Pygoscelis adeliae, even though they included breeding Thalassoica antarctica and Fulmarus glacialoides, produced proportionately fewer chicks than pairs with easy access to penguins because all skuas took penguin prey, and hence these birds were required to forage away from their territories.---W.K.S. {C918} {ROL #80}

{B110} Amann, F. 1997. [Dispersal, territory establishment and behaviour of juvenile Marsh Tits Parus palustris.] Ornithol. Beob. 94: 5--18. (Sigmattstr. 18, CH-4460 Gelterkinden, Switzerland.)---Analysis of 2000 re-sightings of colour-ringed birds over 7 years. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B110} Arroyo, B. E. 1998. Effect of diet on the reproductive success of Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus. Ibis 140: 690--693. (Ctr. Natl. Rech. Sci., Ctr. d'Etudes Biol. Chizé, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France.)---Breeding success affected by lagomorph abundance, probably indirectly by affecting female condition.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Baccetti, N., & G. Cherubini (eds.). 1997. IV European conference on Cormorants. Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 26: 1--594. (Inst. Nat. Fauna Selvatica, Via Ca Fornacatta, 9-Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna), Italy.)---Contains 34 papers on distribution, general ecology, behaviour, feeding ecology and interactions with fishing interests, mainly Phalacrocorax carbo.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Barros, D., D. Ríos & J. R. Benítez. 1998 [Counts, breeding parameters and habitat selection in Montagu’s Harrier (Circus pygargus). in the countryside of Gibraltar.] Almoraima 19: 82--93. (Lcdo. en CC. Biológicas. Univ. Málaga, Spain.) (Spanish) {ROL #80}

{B110} Bezzel, E. 1995. [Seasonal distribution of Siskin Carduelis spinus in the Northern Alps: a long-term study from Bavaria.] Ornithol. Beob. 92: 147--166. (Bayer. Landesanstalt f. Bodenkultur u. Pflanzenbau, Inst. f. Vogelkunde, Gsteigstr. 43, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.)---Observations over 28 years indicate that autumn migrants arrive earlier now than before 1980, while overall abundance has not changed. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B110} Bezzel, E., R. Rust, & W. Kechele. 1997. [Territory turnover, reproduction and human persecution in a population of Goshawk Accipiter gentilis.] J. Ornithol. 138: 413--441. (Bayerische Landesanst. f. Bodenkultur u. Pflanzenbau, Inst. f. Vogelkunde, Gsteigstr. 43, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.)---In a long-term study in southern Bavaria, "lifetime" reproduction for females was 2.44 and 16% of females produced 50% of offspring. (German, Engl. summary.)---P.H.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Bijlsma, R. G., & C. de Vries. 1997. [Breeding results and trends of raptors in The Netherlands in 1996.] Takkeling 5(1): 7--42. (Doldersummerweg 1, 7983 LD Wapse, The Netherlands.)---Detailed analysis based on 2382 nest cards. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Blanco, G., et al. 1998. Effects of nest-site availability and distribution on density-dependent clutch size and laying date in the Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax. Ibis 140: 252--256. (Dept. Biol. Anim., Univ. Alcala De Henares, E-28871 Madrid, Spain.)---At high density, breeding is more synchronised and clutches become smaller. More likely due to habitat heterogeneity than interference.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Bodbijl, A. 1997. [Behaviour and feeding ecology of breeding Long-eared Owls Asio otus in SE-Brabant (Belgium).] Limosa 70: 97--100. (Tovermolen 18, 5629 LH Eindhoven, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B110} Bolmann K., H.-U. Reyer, & P. A. Brodmann. 1997. Territory quality and reproductive success: can Water Pipits Anthus spinoletta assess the relationship reliably? Ardea 85: 83--98. (Zool. Inst., Univ. Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.)---Reproductive success determined only by nest predation.---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Brinkhof, M. W. G. 1997. Seasonal variation in food supply and breeding success in European Coots Fulica atra. Ardea 85: 51--65. (Neth. Inst. Ecol., P.O. Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands.)---Seasonal variation in insect abundance is causally related to hatching date and chick survival.---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Carlson, A. 1998. Territory quality and feather growth in the White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos. J. Avian Biol. 29: 205--207. (Dept. Conserv. Biol., Swedish Univ. Agric. Sci., Box 7002, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.)---Ptilochronological study of moulted feathers and feathers from museum specimens suggest that birds living 55-150 years ago experienced a better quality forest landscape than birds do today.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Cucco, M., & G. Malacarne. 1997. The effects of supplemental food on time budget and body condition in the Black Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus. Ardea 85: 211--221. (Dept. Sci. Adv. Technol., Univ. Torino, via Cavour 84, I-15100 Alessandria, Italy.) {ROL #80}

{B110} Eskelin, T., & J. Pursiainen. 1998. The status of ‘Lesser Black-backed Gulls’ of heuglini, graellsii and intermedius types in Finland. Alula 4: 42--54. (Arvopostinkuja 6 C, FIN-90160 Oulu, Finland.)---Also identification features, one plate and 20 colour photographs.---E.H. {ROL #80}

{B110} Fajardo, I., et al. 1998. Habitat selection, activity peaks and strategies to avoid road mortality by the Little Owl Athene noctua. A new methodology for owl research. Alauda 66: 49--60. (Dept. of Diversity, Coll. Marcelo Spìnola. Univ. Wales, Pza Arzobispo, 1. Umbrete, Sevilla. E-41806, Spain.)---Road counts with light intensifier. 303 owl contacts.---G.O. {E506} {ROL #80}

{B110} Frede, M., & H. Langbehn. 1997. A contribution to the identification and distribution of Armenian Gull. Alula 3: 102--108. (Michael Frede, Hauptmühle 5, D-57339 Erndtebrück, Germany.)---Larus armenicus. {ROL #80}

{B110} Genero, F., & M. Caldana. 1997. [The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy): status, distribution, ecology]. Fauna 4: 59--78. (Serv. regionale della Caccia e della Pesca, via di Toppo, 40, 33100 Udine, Italy.) (Italian, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B110} Glutz von Blotzheim, U. N. 1996. [25 years of research on the avifauna of the Swiss Alps.] Ornithol. Beob. 93: 95--102. ('Kappelmatt', Herrengasse 56, C-6430 Schwyz, Switzerland.)---Ecological research on Lagopus mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Montifringilla nivalis, Prunella collaris, Emberiza cia, Emberiza hortulana, Motacilla cinerea, Cinclus cinclus, Sylvia borin, Carduelis cannabina. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B110} Halupka, K. 1998. Vocal begging by nestlings and vulnerability to nest predation in Meadow Pipits Anthus pratensis; to what extent do predation costs of begging exist? Ibis 140: 144--149. (Univ. Wroclaw, Dept. Avian Ecol., Sienkiewicza 21, Pl-30335 Wroclaw, Poland.)---Survival is not lower in louder broods because parents silence nestlings when a predator is nearby and nest guarding does not influence the probability of detection by predators.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Hoi, H., & R. Ille. 1997. Does insect sampling reflect food availability in Marsh Warblers Acrocephalus palustris? a reply to Schulze-Hagen and Dowsett-Lemaire. Ibis 139: 699--701. (Konrad Lorenz Inst. Vergleichende Verhaltensforschung, Savoyenstr. 1 a, Box 90325, Vienna A-1160, Austria.) {ROL #80}

{B110} Ivanova, M. N. 1998. [Relation of plumage color, age and acoustical features of song in Pied Flycatcher males.] Ornithologia 28: 126--135. (Dept. Vert. Zool. Gen. Ecol., Moscow State Univ., Moscow 119899, Russia.)---Most song features in male Ficedula hypoleuca show no correlation with plumage type and age. (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Ivanovsky, V. V., & V. Y. Kuzmenzo. 1998. [Great Grey Shrike (Lanius excubitor) at raised bogs in northern Belarus.] Subbuteo 1: 21--24. (No address in English; c/o P.O. Box 197, 230023 Grodno-23, Belarus.)---Life-cycle parameters, feeding habits and predation by raptors. (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Leito, A. 1998. The Common Crane in Estonia in 1997. Hirundo 11: 43--48. (Postkast 227, Tartu EE2400, Estonia.)---Breeding and migration data for Grus grus.---T.K.T. {D904} {ROL #80}

{B110} Ludwichowski, I. 1997. [Long-term changes of wing-length, body mass and breeding parameters in first-time breeding female Goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula clangula) in Northern Germany.] Vogelwarte 39: 103--116. (Ahornweg 4a, D-24211 Preetz, Germany.)---From 1971--1995 body mass, clutch size, and hatching success increased, wing length decreased. Breeding success showed no trend. (German, Engl. summ.)---K.-M.E. {ROL #80}

{B110} Norman, S. C. 1997. Juvenile wing shape, wing moult and weight in the family Sylviidae. Ibis 139: 617--630. (62 Birkdale Rd., Errington Pk., New Marske, Cleveland TS11 8JB, UK.)---In relation to migratory distance.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Pollock, C., et al. 1997. The distribution of seabirds and cetaceans in the waters around Ireland. JNCC Report 267. (JNCC, Dunnet Ho., 7 Thistle Pl., Aberdeen, AB10 1UZ, Scotland, UK.)---Identifies and describes year-round dispersion patterns. Considers oil pollution impact.---W.J.D. {ROL #80}

{B110} Riddington, R., et al. 1997. Fair Isle seabird studies 1997. JNCC Rep., No. 274. (Fair Isle Bird Obs., Fair Isle, Shetland ZE2 9JU, UK.)---Census, breeding productivity, adult survival, and diet for 13 seabird species.---A.R. {ROL #80}

{B110} Schulze-Hagen, K., & F. Dowsett-Lemaire. 1997. Habitat, food and male parental investment in the Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris; a comment on the paper by Ille and Hoi. Ibis 139: 698--699. (Bergerstr. 163, D-41068 Mönchengladbach, Germany.) {ROL #80}

{B110} Senar, J. C., J. L. Copete, & A. J. Martin. 1998. Behavioural and morphological correlates of variation in the extent of postjuvenile moult in the Siskin Carduelis spinus. Ibis 140: 661--669. (Mus. Zool., Apartado 593, 08080 Barcelona, Spain.)---Related to energetic constraints and social status.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Siblet, J. P. 1997. [Birds of France: Great Shearwater Puffinus gravis.] Ornithos 4: 136--137. (3 allée des mimosas, F-77250 Ecuelles, France.)---Status, identification. (French.)---G.O. {ROL #80}

{B110} Stienen, E. W. M., & A. Brenninkmeijer. 1997. [Food and growth of Short-eared Owl, Asio flammeus.] Limosa 70: 5--10. (DLO-IBN, PO. Box 23, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.)---Main food was Calidris alpina and Apodemus sylvaticus; growth curves of wing length and body mass. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Swann, R. L. 1997. Canna [Scotland] seabird studies 1997. JNCC Report 268. (Highland Ringing Group, 14 St. Vincent Rd., Tain, Ross-shire, IV19 1JR, UK.)---Diet, breeding success and population counts.---W.J.D. {ROL #80}

{B110} Telleria, J. L., & R. Carbonell. 1999. Morphometric variation of five Iberian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla populations. J. Avian Biol. 30: 63--71. (Dept. Biol. Anim. 1 (Vert.), Fac. de Biol., Univ. Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.)---Recognized two morphological groups, one in northern and central Iberia and one in southern Iberia, which correlated with their migration and feeding habits.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B110} Thiollay, J. M., & R. Wolf. 1998. [Breeding of the Osprey Pandion haliaetus in continental France. Ecology, population growth and conservation.] Alauda 66: 1--12. (Lab. Ecol. E.N.S., 46 r. d'Ulm, F-75230 Paris Cedex 05, France.)---6 pairs in 1997. Breeding success, foraging and prey, origin of breeding birds, suggested conservation measures. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O. {ROL #80}

{B110} Wesolowski, T., & L. Tomialojc. 1995. [Bird studies in the Bialowieza Forest (Poland)---an overview.] Ornithol. Beob. 92: 111--146. (Dept. Avian Ecol. & Nat. Hist. Mus., Wroclaw Univ., Sienkiewicza 21, 50 335 Wroclaw, Poland.)---Summarizes studies on populations, breeding biology, ecology and behaviour of birds in this large primeval forest. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B110} Willi, G. 1996. [Observations of River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis in Liechtenstein.] Ornithol. Beob. 93: 177--178. (Schalunstr. 7, FL--9490 Vaduz, Fürstentum Liechtenstein.) (German, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B110} Wymenga, E. 1997. [Early roosting Black-tailed Godwits Limosa limosa in summer 1993 as an indication for a poor breeding season.] Limosa 70: 71--75. (Veenhout 11, 9269 VL Veenwouden, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B114} Reynolds, J. 1997. Body condition, territory ownership and age--related reproductive performance in Spruce Grouse Dendragapus canadensis hens. Ibis 139: 646--651. (E.G.I., Dept. Zool., Univ. Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK)---Differences in condition and occupancy do not account for differences in reproductive performance.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B116} Torres Esquivias, J. A., & A. Alcala-Zamora Barron. 1998. L’Erismature rousse (Oxyura jamaicensis) au Maroc. Porphyrio 9: 1--12. (Oxyura, Apdo. No. 3059, 14080-Cordoba, Spain.)---Ruddy Duck in Morocco. (French)---F.M.P. {ROL #80}

{B118} Flynn, L., E. Nol, & Y. Zharikov. 1999. Philopatry, nest-site tenacity, and mate fidelity of Semipalmated Plovers. J. Avian Biol. 30: 47--55. (47490 Mtn. Pk. Dr., Chilliwack, B.C. V2P 7P6 , Can.)---Six-yr. study of Charadrius semipalmatus in Manitoba, Canada.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B118} Lieser, M., M. Zakrzewski, & B. Sittler. 1997. [Summer ecology of Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus on Traill Island, NE Greenland.] Ornithol. Beob. 94: 225--232. (Forstzool. Inst. der Univ. Freiburg i. Br., Fohrenbühl 27, D-79252 Stegen-Wittental, Germany.)---Results from 2 radio-tracked adult birds. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B120} Klaus, S., W. Scherzinger, & Y. Sun. 1996. [Ecology and behaviour of the Chinese Grouse Bonasa sewerzowi.] Ornithol. Beob. 93: 343--365. (Thüringer Landesanstalt f. Umwelt, Prüssingstr. 25, D-07745 Jena, Germany)---Habitat and behaviour described from observations in the wild. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B120} Konyukhov, N. B. 1998. [Distribution and biology of the Pigeon Guillemot (Cepphus columba) on Chukotka peninsula (Russia).] Ornithologia 28: 140--147. (A.N. Severtsov Inst. Ecol. Evol., Russian Acad. Sci., Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 117071, Russia.)---Basic breeding parameters; population estimated at 35,000 pairs. (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B120} Kupriyanov, A. G., & I. F. Kupriyanov. 1997. [Observations on spring migration and breeding of geese and swans in northern taiga of western Siberia.] Casarca 3: 369--371. (Russian Res. Inst. Nat. Prot., Moscow, Russia.)---Counts of 5 species from 1996 during delayed spring conditions. (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B120} Lee, W.-S., & S.-W. Kim. 1996. [Food and nest boxes of wild birds in natural and degraded ecosystems.] Korean J. Ornithol. 3: 43--50. (Wildl. Div., For. Res. Inst., Seoul 130-012, Korea.)---4 Parus species (Korean, Engl. summ.)---B.M. {ROL #80}

{B120} Mochaliv, S. I. 1997. [Geese and swans of the"Chayguurgino"wildlife refuge, northeastern Yakutia (Russia).] Casarca 3: 372--377. (Nizhnekolymskaya Inspection Kolyma Basin Comm. Nat. Conserv., Sakha-Yakutia, Russia.)---Population estimates and trends, and breeding biology for 7 species. (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B120} Phach, N. Q., & J. F. Voisin. 1998. Influence of cave structure, microclimate and nest harvesting on the breeding of the White-nest Swiftlet Collocalia fuciphaga germani in Vietnam. Ibis 140: 257--264. (Khanh Hoa Salangane Nest Co., 38-40 Tran Quy Cap, Nha Trang, Vietnam.) {ROL #80}

{B120} Suzuki, H. 1998. [The breeding status of the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica at Yahata River mouth, Hiroshima (Japan).] Strix 16: 99--108. (Sanctuary Ctr., Wild Bird Soc. Japan, 15-8 Nanpeidai, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan.)---Population density, nest site usage and nesting success. (Japanese, Engl. summ.)---B.M. {ROL #80}

{B120} Volkov, A. E., J. de Korte, & H. U. Peter. 1997. [Dark-bellied Brent Geese (Branta bernicla bernicla) in Severnaya Zemlya and the Dikson area (Taymyr), Russian arctic.] Casarca 3: 126--138. (All Russian Res. Inst. Nat. Conserv., Moscow, Russia.)---Summarises breeding and moulting distributions, and breeding biology using data from 1931 to 1996.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B128} Arndt, T., & W. Raharjaningtrah. 1998. Parrots and their status on Simeulue Island, west Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. Papageienkunde 2: 11--17. (Bruckenfeldstr. 30, D-75015 Bretten, Germany.)---Population estimates and descriptions of Loriculus galgulus, Psittinus cyanurus, and Psittacula alexandri.---F.M.P. {ROL #80}

{B128} Indrawan, M., Y. Masala, & L. Pesik. 1998. Observations on the breeding behaviour of Sula Scrubfowl Megapodius bernsteinii in the Banggai Islands, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Forktail 13: 13--16. (Indonesian Found. Advancement Biol. Sci., Jalan Nusantara Raya 174, Depok 16421, Indonesia.)---Nesting behaviour and social organisation.---I.C.R. {B314, B700} {ROL #80}

{B128} Rasmussen, P. C. 1998. Tytler's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus tytleri: non-breeding distribution, morphological discrimination, and aging. Forktail 14: 17--28. (Room 336, NHB MRC 114, Div. Birds, Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560-0131, USA.)---Species migrates regularly through the Himalayas and winters in Western Ghats and Nilgiris.---I.C.R. {C328, D702, D704, D904} {ROL #80}

{B128} Riley, J. 1998. Recent observations of the Sangihe Hanging Parrot Loriculus catamene. Papageienkunde 2: 1--9. (1 The Croft, Seahouses, North Sunderland NE68 7KA, UK.)---Habitat use, flocking behaviour, diet, vocalisations and conservation.---F.M.P. {ROL #80}

{B132} Fraser, M. W., et al. 1994. Biology of the Tristan Thrush Nesocichla eremita. Ostrich 65: 14--25. (Sandbanks, Kenmuir Steps, Glencairn, 7995, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B300} Gavrilov, V. M., et al. 1998. Population and ecological effect of flocking and group settlements with special reference to Great Tit. Ornithologia 28: 52--59. (Dept. Vert. Zool. Gen. Ecol., Moscow State Univ., Moscow 119899, Russia.)---Relationships between territoriality, competitive interactions and social dominance, and individual energetics---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B300} Kharitov, S. P. 1997. [Brood interactions in the Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans).] Casarca 3: 139--155. (Moscow Bird Ringing Ctr., Moscow, Russia.)---Geese have no permanent territories, but show territorial type behaviour in inter-brood distances and interactions. Conflict outcome is determined by order of initiation, adult age, male dominance status and position in colony.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B300} Krams, I. 1998. Dominance-specific vigilance in the Great Tit. J. Avian Biol. 29: 55--60. (Dept. Sci., Daugavpils Pedagogical Univ., LV-5407 Daugavpils, Latvia.)---Field observations and removal experiments of Parus major suggest that dominants benefit from personal vigilance, and that dominance is site-related.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B300} Savalli, U. M. 1993. The behaviour of male Yellow-mantled Widowbird Euplectes macrourus in western Kenya. Ostrich 64: 57--62. (Dept. Integrative Biol., Univ. California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.) {ROL #80}

{B300} Woets, D. 1997. [Remarkable behaviour of Honey Buzzards Pernis apivorus.] Takkeling 5(2): 5--6. (Woldweg 5, 8337 KN De Pol, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B302} Boer, P. de, & H. Hut. 1997. [Can Hobbies Falco subbuteo prevent nest predation?] Takkeling 5(3): 47--51. (Lagelandsterweg 6, 9623 PC Lageland, Netherlands.)---Detailed observations of interspecific behaviour. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B302} Buchholz, R. 1997. Male dominance and variation in fleshy head ornamentation in Wild Turkeys. J. Avian Biol. 28: 223--230. (Dept. Biol., Northeast Louisiana Univ., Monroe, LA 71209-0520, USA.)---Dyadic dominance trials between unfamiliar captive-reared Meleagris gallopavo.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B302} Cilento, N. J., & D. N. Jones. 1999. Aggression by Australian Magpies Gymnorhina tibicen toward human intruders. Emu 99: 85--90. (DNJ: Aust. Sch. Environ. Studies, Griffith Univ., Nathan, Qld. 4111, Australia.)---Aggression by breeding magpies towards human intruders onto their territories was investigated at rural and suburban sites. Suburban breeding pairs varied in their aggression, but 97.5% of all their attacks were by males. None of the rural magpies were aggressive towards human intruders, although they were as aggressive towards other, heterospecific, bird intruders as the suburban magpies.---W.K.S. {ROL #80}

{B302} Shankar Raman, T. R. 1998. Aerial casque-butting in the Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis. Forktail 13: 123--124. (Ctr. Ecol. Res. & Conserv., 3076/5, IVth Cross, Mysore-570 002, India.) {ROL #80}

{B302} Simmons, R. E., & J. M. Mendelsohn. 1993. A critical review of cartwheeling flights of raptors. Ostrich 64: 13--24. (Min. Wildl. Tourism, Priv. Bag 13306, Windhoek, Namibia.)---Interpreted as mainly aggressive encounters, not courtship.---R.M.W. {ROL #80}

{B304} McCann, K. J., & A. C. Kemp. 1994. Hunting behaviour of a fledgling Greater Kestrel Falco rupicoloides and its mother during the post-fledgling period. Ostrich 65: 1--6. (Zool. Dept., Univ. Witwatersrand, P.O. Box Wits 2050, South Africa.) {B720} {ROL #80}

{B306} Gargett, V. 1994. Cartwheeling and other flights of a solitary territorial Black Eagle in the Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe. Ostrich 65: 333--334. (12 Charles Veale Dr., W. Beach, SA 5024, Australia.)---Aquila verreauxii. {ROL #80}

{B306} Londei, T. 1998. Observations on Hume's Groundpecker Pseudopodoces humilis. Forktail 14: 74--75. (Dipto. Biol., Univ. Studi, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.)---Typical bouncing gait proposed as anti-predator measure.---I.C.R. {ROL #80}

{B306} Nachtigall, W. 1998. Starlings and starling models in wind tunnels. J. Avian Biol. 29: 478--484. (Zool. Inst., Univ. Saarlandes, D-6600 Saarbrücken, Germany.) {ROL #80}

{B306} Pennycuick, C. J. 1998. Field observations of thermals and thermal streets, and the theory of cross-country soaring flight. J. Avian Biol. 29: 33--43. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Bristol, Woodland Rd., Bristol BS8 1UG, UK.)---Analysis of 1500 km survey of thermals over the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania using a motor glider.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B306} Pennycuick, C. J. 1998. Towards an optimal strategy for bird flight research. J. Avian Biol. 29: 449--457. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Bristol, Woodland Rd., Bristol BS8 1UG, UK.) {ROL #80}

{B306} Speakman, J. R., & D. Banks. 1998. The function of flight formations in Greylag Geese Anser anser; energy saving or orientation? Ibis 140: 280--287. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.)---Orientation hypothesis rejected; formations reduced flight costs by 4.5--9.0%.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B306} Spedding, G. R., & P. B. S. Lissaman. 1998. Technical aspects of microscale flight systems. J. Avian Biol. 29: 458--468. (Dept. Aerospace Engineering, Univ. South. California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1191, USA.) {ROL #80}

{B306} Thomas, A. L. R., & A. Hedenström. 1998. The optimum flight speeds of flying animals. J. Avian Biol. 29: 469--477. (Oxford Univ., Dept. Zool., S. Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.) {ROL #80}

{B306} Wilson, R. P., et al. 1999. To think or swim: does it really cost penguins more to waddle? J. Avian Biol. 30: 221--224. (Inst. für Meereskunde, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.)---Magellanic Penguins Spheniscus magellanicus walk obliquely up the shore rather than perpendicularly, behavior that saves little or no time but can save energy under certain circumstances.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B308} Allan, D. G. 1995. Observations on roosting Blue Cranes. Ostrich 66: 148--150. (Avian Demography Unit, Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa.)---Anthropoides paradisea. {ROL #80}

{B308} Bijlsma, R. G. 1997. [Sunning behaviour of a Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus.] Takkeling 5(3): 31--37. (Doldersummerweg 1, 7983 LD Wapse, Netherlands.)---Quantified description, based on semi-captive bird. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B308} Cunningham-van Someren, G. R. 1996. Active anting by weavers and sunbirds at Karen, Kenya. Ostrich 67: 165. (P.O. Box 24947, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya.)---Ploceus xanthops, Nectarinia kilimensis. {ROL #80}

{B308} Iwasaki, Y., & H. Ichiishi. 1998. [Roosts of the Japanese Wood Pigeon on Oshima and Toshima in Izu Islands (Japan).] Strix 16: 89--98. (12-4 Mitsune, Hachijo-machi, Hachijo-shima, Tokyo 100-15, Japan.)---Winter and continual roosts of Columba janthina. (Japanese, Engl. summ.)---B.M. {ROL #80}

{B308} Kitowski, I., & Wojtak, E. 1998. [Roosting platforms of the Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus in the post-breeding season and their usage by other vertebrates.] Notatki Ornitol. 39: 111--120. (Zaklad Ochrony Przyrody UMCS, Akademicka 19, 20--033 Lublin, Poland.)---Mostly by roosting owls. (Polish, Engl. summ.)---T.W. {ROL #80}

{B308} Paek, W.-K., & J.-C. Yoo. 1996. Time budgets of the Black-tailed Gull, Larus crassirostris, in the daytime of the breeding season. Korean J. Ornithol. 3: 1--9. (Dept. Nat. Hist. Natl. Sci. Mus., Taejon 305-338, Korea.)---Analyzed into 12 categories of behaviour for both sexes.---B.M. {ROL #80}

{B308} Stock, M., & F. Hofeditz. 1997. [Compensatory limits: energy budgets of Brent Geese, Branta b. bernicla, the influence of human disturbance.] J. Ornithol. 138: 387--411. (Nationalparkamt Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer, Schlossgarten 1, D-25832 Toenning, Germany.)---Activity and energy budgets were recorded under different degrees of disturbance in the Wadden Sea salt marsh (Netherlands). Branta bernicla bernicla in the disturbed area compensated time-loss for feeding and higher energetic costs through more flights by a change in activity pattern and eating more.(German, Engl. summary.)---P.H.B. {ROL #80}

{B308} Wood, K. A. 1999. Roosting habits of the Red-whiskered Bulbul at Wollongong, New South Wales [Australia]. Aust. Bird Watcher 18: 75--80. (7 Eastern Ave., Mangerton, NSW 2500, Australia.)---Sub-flocks of Pycnonotus jocosus assemble before forming communal roost; two types of call recorded.---I.D.E. {B320} {ROL #80}

{B308] Bavoux, C., G. Burneleau, & M. Picard. 1997. [Use of roosting place by Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus in Charente-Maritime, west France.] Alauda 65: 321--336. (Le Marais aux Oiseaux, Les Grissotières, F-17550 Dolus-d'Oléron, France.)---Analysis of 201 roosting sites, 2045 contacts concerning 578 birds. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O. {ROL #80}

{B310} Andersson, S. 1999. Morphology of UV reflectance in a whistling-thrush: implications for the study of structural colour signalling in birds. J. Avian Biol. 30: 193--204. (Dept. Zool., Göteborg Univ., Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.)---Myiophonus caeruleus. {ROL #80}

{B310} Yosef, R. 1997. Reactions of Grey Herons (Ardea cinerea) to seismic tremors. J. Ornithol. 138: 543--546. (Int. Birdwatching Center in Eilat, P.O. Box 774, Eilat 88106, Israel.)---Herons showed signs of restlessness 30--60 s before humans could feel the tremors.---P.H.B. {ROL #80}

{B312} Berthelot, J. Y., & G. Navizet. 1997. [Is the courtship behaviour of the Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides the end of a discrete evolution?] Nos Oiseaux 44: 211--227. (3 r. George sand, F-38130 Echirolles, France.)---Characteristic "Bow dance" appears as the final stage of an evolution across the different species of Ardeidae. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O. {ROL #80}

{B312} Brooke, R. K. 1992. Apparent reverse mounting in the African Rail Rallus caerulescens. Ostrich 63: 185. (Percy FitzPatrick Inst., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B312} Drachmann, J., J. Komdeur, & J. J. Boomsma. 1997. Copulation behaviour in the Linnet Carduelis cannabina and the insemination window hypothesis. J. Avian Biol. 28: 191--196. (Dep. Ecol. & Genetics, Univ. Aarhus, Bldg. 540, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.)---Focal observations of 30--50 pairs over 3 years in Denmark.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B312} Hagelin, J. C. 1999. Sexual selection, plumage ornamentation and behavior of Gambel’s and Scaled Quail. Ph.D. dissert., Univ. New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM. (Univ. Connecticut, Dept. Ecol. & Evol. Biol., U-43, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; EM: hagelin@sp.uconn.edu)---The roles of plumage ornaments, male behavior rate, and body size were examined in Callipepla gambelii and Callipepla squamata. Experimental manipulation and field observations suggest that testosterone-controlled behaviors and body size are more important in sexual selection than the ornate traits of males. Field data on mating habits suggest Callipepla gambelii is more polygynandrous in wetter years.---J.C.Hag. {mate choice, plumage ornaments, male-male competition, New World Quail; B302, B114, B714} {ROL #80}

{B312} Massa, R. 1995. Performance of socio-sexual activity at a communal site in the African Orange-bellied Parrot Poicephalus rufiventris. Ostrich 66: 141. (Dipto. Sci. Ambiente Territorio, Univ. Studi Milano, via Emanueli 15, 20126, Milano, Italy.) {ROL #80}

{B312} Nakamura, M., & Kubota, H. 1998. Food supply in early spring and stability of pair bonds in the Varied Tit Parus varius. J. Avian Biol. 29: 201--205. (Lab. Anim. Ecol., Dept. Biol., Joetsu Univ. of Educ., 1 Yamayashiki-machi, Joetsu-shi, Niigata 943, Japan.)---Artificial food supply promoted stability of pair bonds and thus may make age composition more stable.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B312} Roulin, A. 1996. [Courtship and pair formation in the Barn Owl Tyto alba.] Ornithol. Beob. 93: 184--189. (Zool. Inst., Univ. Bern, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland.)---Examines the proportions of successful and unsuccessful courtship from occurrence of mummified prey in nest boxes. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B314} Hirano, T., et al. 1998. [Communal roosting of Eastern Marsh Harriers wintering at Watarase Marsh (Japan).] Strix 16: 1--15. (Wild Bird Soc, Hoshigaoka 2-2-10-101, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0038, Japan.)---Timing, habitat and usage by Circus spilonotus over 3 winters. (Japanese, Engl. summ.)---B.M. {ROL #80}

{B314} Lindeque, M., & J. Kapner. 1993. Cooperative group defence by Pied Babblers Turdoides bicolor results in death of avian predator. Ostrich 64: 189. (Etosha Ecol. Inst., P.O. Box Okaukuejo, via: Outjo, Namibia.)---Gabar Goshawk Micronisus gabar---R.M.W. {ROL #80}

{B314} Slotow, R., W. Goodfriend, & G. L. Maclean. 1993. The social structure of captive Cape Sparrow flocks. Ostrich 64: 63--66. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.)---Passer melanurus. Males not necessarily dominant. Morphometric variables not correlated with social status.---R.M.W. {ROL #80}

{B314} Thiollay, J. M., & M. Jullien. 1998. Flocking behaviour of foraging birds in a Neotropical rain forest and the antipredator defence hypothesis. Ibis 140: 382--394. (Ecol. Lab., ENS, 46 R. d’ Ulm, F-75230 Paris 05, France.)---Permanent mixed species flocks are an anti-predator defence compensating for conspicuousness and reduced vigilance during foraging in semi-open vegetation.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B314} Weinhold, J. 1998. [Analysis of the social behaviour of a community of Blue-fronted Amazons Amazona aestiva kept in captivity.] Papageienkunde 2: 103--176. (Coimbraer Str. 12, D-06132 Halle (Saale), Germany.) (German, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B314} Yaukey, P. H. 1994 Variation in racial dominance within the winter range of the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis L.). J. Biogeogr. 21: 359--368. (Dept. Geogr., Univ. New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.---Interactions in mixed flocks of 5 races showed that the same race dominates in each race-pair comparison across sites, but the percentage won by each race varied significantly between sites. Simulations suggest that non-random site occupation occurs, and that the patterns observed are not explained by dominant races excluding subordinates from favourable sites.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B314} Zyl, A. J. van, & S. T. Newton. 1996. Flocking of Greater Kestrels and Rock Kestrels during the non-breeding season. J. African Raptor Biol. 11: 18--19. (Dept. Birds, Transvaal Mus., P.O. Box 413, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.)---Falco rupicoloides , Falco tinnunculus rupicolus. {ROL #80}

{B316} Bosch, S., & P. Havelka. 1998. [Telemetric studies on the daily activities of the magpie (Pica pica) in winter.] Vogelwarte 39: 171--175. (Postfach 1242, D-74208 Leingarten, Germany.)---Home range size was about 0.75 km², daily flight distances varied between 3200 and 4100 m. (German, Engl. summ.)---K.-M.E {ROL #80}

{B316} Bried, J., & P. Jouventin. 1998. Why do Lesser Sheathbills Chionis minor switch territory? J. Avian Biol. 29: 257--265. (Ctr. Natl. de la Rech. Scientifique, Ctr. d’Études Biol. de Chizé, 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France.)---They move to obtain territories of higher quality, i.e., those close to seabirds among whose nests they feed.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B316} Din, N. A. 1992. Territorial areas and shapes in the two species of village weavers (Ploceus cucullatus and P. nigerrimus). Afr. J. Ecol. 30: 42--48. (2740-No.4 Rd., Richmond, BC V6X 2L5, Can.) {ROL #80}

{B316} Hamao, S., & K. Ueda. 1999. Reduced territory size of an island subspecies of the [Japanese] Bush Warbler. Jap. J. Ornithol. 47: 57--60. (Urawa-Minami High Sch., Tsuji 6-5-31, Urawa 336-0026, Japan.)---Cettia diphone. {ROL #80}

{B316} Ivanisskii, I. I. 1998. [Space-related behaviour in birds.] Ornithologia 28: 6--25. (Dept. Vert. Zool. Gen. Ecol., Moscow State Univ., Moscow 119899, Russia.)---Reviews space personalisation, monopolisation and exploitation in birds. (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B316} Johnstone, I. 1998. Territory structure of the Robin Erithacus rubecula outside the breeding season. Ibis 140: 244--251. (RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, UK.)---Space use is complex, non-uniform and multinuclear. Birds defend constant resource territories with high short-term fidelity, with some long-term range shift.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B316} Li, F.-M., & P.-X. Li. 1998. [A comparative study on territories of White-naped Crane and Red-crowned Crane.] Acta Zool. Sinica 44: 109--111. (Dept. Biol., Mudanjiang Normal Coll., Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province 157012, China.)---Grus japonensis, Grus vipio. (Chinese, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B316} Salamolard, M. 1997. [Home-range and maximum range of hunting of Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus.] Alauda 65: 307--320. (Ctr. Etudes Biol. de Chizé, F-79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France.)---Of 14 wing-tagged birds, 5 were radio-tracked. Data on home-range and hunting distance from the nest vary from the method. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O. {ROL #80}

{B316} Schaub, M. 1996. [Territory choice and settlement of Woodchat Shrikes Lanius senator in northern Switzerland.] Ornithol. Beob. 93: 163--168. (Egg-Gasse 19, CH-4312 Magden, Switzerland.) (German, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B316} Whitelaw, D. A. 1995. Home range behaviour of the Steppe Buzzard Buteo buteo vulpinus in the non-breeding season. Ostrich 66: 94--96. (27 Roosevelt Road, Claremont, 7700, Cape Town, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B320} Bergen, F., & M. Abs. 1997. [Etho-ecological study of the singing activity of the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus), Great Tit (Parus major) and Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs).] J. Ornithol. 138: 451--467. (Ruhr Univ. Bochum, Lehrstuhl f. Allgem. Zool. u. Neurobiol., D-44780 Bochum, Germany.)---Effects of a large city's ecological conditions on singing behaviour. (German, Engl. summary.)---P.H.B. {ROL #80}

{B320} Dabelsteen, T., et al. 1998. Quiet song in song birds: an overlooked phenomenon. Bioacoustics 9: 89--105. (Dept. Pop. Biol. & Sound Communication, Univ. Copenhagen, Tagensvej 16, DK-2200 Copenhagen H, Denmark.)---Data from 6 species support the predictions that quiet singing functions as an unobtrusive signal and occurs during periods of high background noise.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B320} Erasmus, R. P. B. 1992. Notes on the call of the Grass Owl Tyto capensis. Ostrich 63: 184--185. (P.O. Box 888, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B320} Galeotti, P. 1998. Correlates of hoot rate and structure in male Tawny Owls Strix aluco: implications for male rivalry and female mate choice. J. Avian Biol. 29: 25--32. (Lab. di Eco-etol. dei Vert., Dipto Biol. Animale, Univ. Pavia, Piazza Botta 9, I-27100, Pavia, Italy.) {ROL #80}

{B320} Goretskaya, M. Y., & V. V. Korbut. 1998. [Structural and functional peculiarities of Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) songs.] Ornithologia 28: 46--51. (Dept. Vert. Zool. Gen. Ecol., Moscow State Univ., Moscow 119899, Russia.) (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B320} Hafton, S., & J. P. Hailman. 1997. Do the Siberian tits Parus cinctus in Scandinavia and Siberia speak the same language? Bioacoustics 8: 223--247. (Norwegian Uni. Sci. & Technol., 7004 Trondheim, Norway.)---Comparison of ten main call types.---D.G.H. {ROL #80}

{B320} Haftorn, S., et al. 1998. Independent discoveries of a new, apparently homologous call in the Willow Tit Parus montanus and Black-capped Chickadee Parus atricapillus. Ibis 140: 174--176. (Norwegian Univ. Sci. and Technol., The Mus., N-7004 Trondheim, Norway.) {ROL #80}

{B320} Hegelbach, J. 1996. [Song ontogeny and repertoire size in ornithological bioacoustics: Different points of view or interspecific differences?] Ornithol. Beob. 93: 111--118. (Zool. Mus. Univ. Zürich-Irchel, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.)---Contrasting hypotheses on the role of repertoire size in the context of female choice. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B320} Jurisevic, M. A., & K. J. Sanderson. 1998. A comparative analysis of distress call structure in Australian passerine and non-passerine species: influence of size and phylogeny. J. Avian Biol. 29: 61--71. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Flinders Univ. South Australia, G.P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.)---Analysis of recordings from 65 species of Australian passerines, parrots and raptors. Similar structural properties found in many species.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B320} Lambrechts, M. M. 1997. Song frequency plasticity and composition of phrase versions in Great Tits Parus major. Ardea 85: 99--109. (1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France.) {ROL #80}

{B320} Lloyd, P., P. E. Hulley, & A. J. F. K. Craig. 1996. Comparisons of the vocalizations and social behaviour of southern African Pycnonotus bulbuls. Ostrich 67: 118--125. (Dept. Zool. Entomol., Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.) {B314} {ROL #80}

{B320} Lloyd, P., P. E. Hulley, & A. J. F. K. Craig. 1994. Song in the Black-eyed Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus as an indicator of philopatry. Ostrich 65: 248--249. (Dept. Zool. Entomol., Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B320} May, L. 1998. Individually distinctive Corncrake Crex crex calls: a further study. Bioacoustics 9: 135--148. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Manchester Metropolitan Univ., John Dalton Bldg., Chester St., Manchester M1 5GD, UK.)---Discriminant analysis of inter-pulse intervals is better than neural nets at assigning calls to individuals---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B320} Monadjem, A., N. I. Passmore, & Kemp, A. C. 1994. Territorial calls of allopatric and sympatric populations of two species of Pogoniulus tinkerbarbet in southern Africa. Ostrich 65: 339--341. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Witwatersrand, P.O. Box Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B320} Naguib, M., & D. Todt. 1998. Recognition of neighbors song in a species with large and complex song repertoires: the Thrush Nightingale. J. Avian Biol. 29: 155--160. (Inst. Verhaltensbiologie, Freie Univ. Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, D-12163 Berlin, Germany.)---Play-back field experiments with male Luscinia luscinia.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B320} Nuttall, R. J. 1993. Vocal behaviour of the Quail Finch Ortygospiza atricollis. Ostrich 64: 97--104. (Dept. Zool. Entomol., Univ. Natal, P.O. Box 375, Pietermaritzburg, 3200, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B320} Payne, R. B., L. L. Payne, & M. E. D. Nhlane. 1992. Song mimicry and species status of the green widowfinch Vidua codringtoni. Ostrich 63: 86--97. (Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.) {ROL #80}

{B320} Payne, R. B., L. L. Payne, & C. R. Barlow. 1997. Observation of Savile's Bustard Eupodotis savilei in The Gambia. Malimbus 19: 97--99. (Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.)---Vocalizations and audio spectrogram.---P.W.P.B. {ROL #80}

{B320} Peake, T. M., et al. 1998. Individuality in Corncrake Crex crex vocalizations. Ibis 140: 120--127. (Univ. Nottingham, Dept. Life Sci., Behav. and Ecol. Res. Group, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.)---Vocal individuality determined by fine structure and discriminant function analysis of calls. Individual call structure was stable over 2 years.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B320} Puglisi, L., O. Cima, & N. E. Baldaccini. 1997. A study of the seasonal booming activity of the Bittern Botaurus stellaris; what is the biological significance of the booms? Ibis 139: 638--645. (Dipto. Sci. Comportamento Anim. & Uomo, Via Volta 6, I--56126 Pisa, Italy.)---Increased booming during chick rearing suggests a role in defense of feeding territory.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B320} Thönen, W. 1996. [On the geographic variation in the song of Parus montanus.] Ornithol. Beob. 93: 1--34. (Fauggersweg 54, CH-3232 Ins, Switzerland.)---Presents the distribution pattern throughout Europe and Asia and the probable history of colonisation of different areas. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B320} Tretzel, E. 1997. [Learning of nonspecific sounds and "musicality" of birds: imitation and variation of a music scale by Shamas Copsychus malabaricus.] J. Ornithol. 138: 505--530. (FB Biol., Univ. Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.) (German, Engl. summary.)---A 7-yr-old caged Shama as well as two young birds rapidly learned a scale, transposed and varied it, implying a degree of musicality.---P.H.B. {ROL #80}

{B500} Keller, V. 1995. [Effects of human disturbance on birds---a literature review.] Ornithol. Beob. 92: 3--38. (Schweiz. Vogelwarte, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland.)---Reviews papers published 1965--94. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B500} Lieshout, H. van., et al. 1997. [Raptor persecution in The Netherlands in 1996.] Takkeling 5(1): 43--51. (Lange Bleek 1, 6029 RW Sterksel, Netherlands.)---Mainly deliberate poisoning and nest disturbance of Buteo buteo and Accipiter gentilis. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B500} Mikkola, H. 1997. Comparative study on general public owl knowledge in Malawi and in Eastern and Southern Africa. Nyala 20: 25--35. (FAO, P.O. Box 30750, Lilongwe 3, Malawi.)---Cultural relationships between owls and human communities.---K.E. {ROL #80}

{B500} Quaisser, Ch., & O. Hüppop. 1995. [Which human activities disturb the 'synanthropic' Great Bustard Otis tarda in an agricultural landscape?] Ornithol. Beob. 92: 269--274. (Naturschutzstn. Buckow, Dorfstr. 34, D-14715 Buckow bei Nennhausen, Germany.)---Humans and agricultural machines increased heart rate of incubating birds. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B500} Zeitler, A. 1995. [Skiing and Tetraonids.] Ornithol. Beob. 92: 227--230. (Rothenfelsstr. 7, D-87509 Immenstadt, Germany.) (German, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B502} Koks, B., A. Straatsma, & R. G. Bijlsma. 1997. [Common Wasps Vespula vulgaris, insecticides and Honey Buzzards Pernis apivorus.] Takkeling 5(3): 16--19. (Bekemaheerd 129, 9737 PS Groningen, Netherlands.)---Poisoning of Honey Buzzard following wasp treatment with Propoxur. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B502} Park, S.-K., et al. 1996. A study on bird aircraft strike hazard in the Kimpo international airport [Korea] and its countermeasures. Korean J. Ornithol. 3: 11--21. (Korea Inst. Ornithol., Kyung-Hee Univ., Seoul 130-701, Korea.) {ROL #80}

{B504} Adamek, Z., H. Klinger & E. Staub. 1997. Cormorants in Europe---the evaluation of EIFAC/FAO questionnaire campaign. Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 26: 347--353. (Dezernate fur Fischerei, Albaum, Heinsberger Straße 53, 57399 Kirchundem, Switzerland.)---Describes European Cormorant distribution in relation to impact on fishing activities. Fishery yield losses estimated at 4 million ECU across Europe.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B504} Carss, D. N., M. Marquiss & A. W. Lauder. 1997. Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo carbo predation at a major trout fishery in Scotland. Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 26: 281--294. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Hill Brathens, Glassel, Banchory, Kincardineshire AB31 4BY, Scotland, UK.)---Predation had no significant effect on angling harvest and killing Cormorants did not elevate fish catches in a trout population approaching carrying capacity.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B504} Dobrowolski, K. A., & R. Dejtrowski. 1997. Control of the population of Cormorants as pests of fish stock in Poland. Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 26: 355--359. (Inst. Ecol., Polish Acad. Sci., 05-092 Lomianki, Dziekanów Lesny n. Warsaw, Poland.)---Over 5000 Phalacrocorax carbo were shot in Poland 1987--1994. Colonies are nevertheless increasing in size and new colonies are being established, giving a current population of 11,000--12,000 pairs.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B504} Egenström, H. 1997. Do Cormorants deplete numbers close to their breeding colonies? Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 26: 345--345. (Dept. Zool., Sec. Pop. Biol., Univ. Uppsala, Villavägen 9, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.)---For Phalacrocorax carbo, prey density was not significantly decreased within 10 km of the colony.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B504} Fernandez, O. 1997. [In defense of the Yellow-legged Gull Larus cachinnans michaellis in the Marseille islands, south-east France.] Bull. Assoc. Sauvegarde Puffins Iles de Marseille 1997: 3--27. (134 r. Jaubert, F-13005 Marseille, France.)---Against population control. (French.)---G.O. {B912} {ROL #80}

{B504} Keller, T., et al. 1997. The impacts of Cormorants on the fish stocks of several Bavarian water bodies with special emphasis on the ecological and economical aspects. Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 26: 295--311. (Tech. Univ. Munchen, Angewandte Zool., Block III, D-85350 Freising/Weihenstephan, Germany.---Phalacrocorax carbo. {ROL #80}

{B504} Marion, L. 1997. Comparison between the diet of breeding Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis, captures by fisheries and available fish species: the case of the largest inland colony in France, at the Lake of Grand-Lieu. Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 26: 313--322. (Lab. Evol. Syst. Nat., Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Univ. Rennes, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Campus Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.)---Species composition of catches by cormorants differed significantly from the fish stocks available. Birds took an estimated 3% of stock, considered negligible for any single fish species.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B504} Stempniewicz, L., M. Goc, & Cz. Nitecki. 1998. [The need to conduct ecological studies on the Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo in Poland.] Notatki Ornitol. 39: 33--46. (Katedra Ekologii Krêgowców UG., Legionów 9, 80-441 Gdañsk, Poland.)---Extensive studies of limiting factors and bird impact on fisheries necessary. (Polish, Engl. summ.)---T.W. {ROL #80}

{B504} Van Dam, C. 1997. Cormorants and commercial fisheries in the Netherlands. Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 26: 333--341. (Natl. Reference Ctr. Nat. Manage., PO Box 30, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.)---Amounts of commercially important Perch and Pikeperch consumed by Phalacrocorax carbo in the breeding season are of the same order as those caught by fisheries.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B504} Volponi, S. 1997. Cormorants wintering in the Po delta [Italy]: estimate of fish consumption and possible impact on aquaculture production. Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 26: 323--332. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.)---Phalacrocorax carbo feed on significant quantities of commercially valuable fish of both artificially raised and unmanaged stocks (Mullet, Sea Bass, Sea Bream and Eel). This is both quantitatively and economically important.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B508} Meriggi, A., & W. Pandini. 1997. [Analysis of small game restocking in Italy and related questions.] Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 27: 61--73. (Lab. Ecol. Ethol. Vert., Dept. Biol. Anim., Univ. Pavia, Piazza Botta, 9-27100 Pavia, Italy.)---Yield related to restocking effort in naturally low density populations of game birds. (Italian, Engl. summ.)---F.S. {ROL #80}

{B508} Njoroge, P., et al. 1997. The validity of open seasons for sandgrouse shooting: analysis of an 11-year data set from Kenya. Afr. J. Ecol. 35: 186--193. (Dept. Ornithol., Natl. Mus. Kenya, P. O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya.)---Shooting and breeding seasons for Pterocles decoratus and Pterocles exustus show considerable overlap.---D.E.P. {ROL #80}

{B508} Zbinden, N., & M. Salvioni. 1997. [Hunting of Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix in the Canton of Ticino (southern Switzerland) 1963--1995.] Ornithol. Beob. 94: 331--346. (Schweiz. Vogelwarte, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland.)---Analyses the effect of different regulations to limit hunting pressure. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B509} Eguchi, K., & H. E. Amano. 1999. Naturalisation of exotic birds in Japan. Jap. J. Ornithol. 47: 97--114. (Dept. Biol., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.)---Histories of alien avian introductions, and the possible impact of exotic birds on native species in Japan. (Japanese, Engl. summ.)---H.N. {ROL #80}

{B509} Lockwood, J. L., et al. 1996. Morphological dispersion of the introduced land-birds of Saint Helena. Ostrich 67: 111--117. (Dept. Ecol. Evol. Biol., 569 Dabney Hall, Univ. Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.) {ROL #80}

{B510} Van Zegeren, K., & J. G. M. Wilson. 1997. Bird catching at Lake Chilwa [Malawi]. Nyala 20: 37--46. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Malawi, P.O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi.)---25--50% of the local populations of 4 species of waterbirds may be trapped by local villagers. Discusses conservation implications.---K.E. {ROL #80}

{B510} Vogrin, M. 1999. [Crane’s image in the coat of arms of Raèe.] Acrocephalus 20: 23--25. (Hotinjska c. 108, SI-2312 Orehova vas, Slovenia.) (Slovene, Eng. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Adamian, M. S., & K. A. Melikian. 1997. [On the Greylag Goose (Anser anser) nesting at the fish ponds of Aras (Araxes) river valley (Armenia).] Casarca 3: 168--171. (Inst. Zool., NAS Armenia, Zool. Mus., Yerevan, Armenia.)---Basic breeding data of a recently discovered and endangered population. (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Adde, C. 1998. [Breeding of Myiopsitta monachus in south-west France.] Alauda 66: 66--67. (Quartier Le More, F-40160 Parentis-en-Born, France.) (French.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Al-Safadi, M. M. 1997. On the breeding biology of the Spur-winged Plover, Hoplopterus spinosus, in the Gaza Strip. Zool. Middle E. 14: 47--52. (Biol. Dept., Faculty of Sci., Al-Azhar Univ., Gaza Strip.)---Nest, egg-laying, incubation, development of young and adult behaviour.---T.M. {ROL #80}

{B700} Alivizatos, H. V. Goutner, & M. G. Karandinos. 1998. Reproduction and behaviour of the Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) in North-eastern Greece. Vogelwarte 39: 176--182. (Zaliki 4, GR-115 24 Athens, Greece.)---Mean fledging success was 0.93 young/pair, productivity was influenced by the number of nests in the home range and forest free area.---K.-M.E. {ROL #80}

{B700} Ballestrazzi, M. 1998. [Density and breeding biology of a Wryneck Jynx torquilla population in the Modenese valley (Italy).] Picus 24: 35--39. (CISNIAR -Mus. Ecol. Storia Nat., p.zza Matteotti, 28-41054 Marano s/P (MO), Italy.)---Nestbox population over 10 years. (Italian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Barrios Partida, F. 1998 [Arrival and nest occupation of White-rumped Swifts (Apus caffer) in the countryside of Gibraltar.] Almoraima 19: 225--230. (SEO, Mancomunidad de Municipios del campo de Gibraltar, Dept. Cultura, Parque "Las Acacias", 11207 Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Bosis, A. I. 1997. [Breeding habits of the Dipper Cinclus cinclus aquaticus in central Slovenia.] Acrocephalus 18: 172--179. (Na Jami 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.) (Slovene, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Brun, L., & P. Pilard. 1997. [Breeding of the Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni in Crau, south-east France in 1997.] Faune de Provence 18: 111--112. (3 r. du Midi, F-13104 Mas Thibert, France.)---48 pairs fledged only 60 young. Fidelity to the area is high but 80 % of the individuals breed in sites different from their birthplace. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O. {C918, C920} {ROL #80}

{B700} Bukaciñski, D., M. Bukaciñska, & A. L. Spaans. 1998. Experimental evidence for the relationship between food supply, parental effort and chick survival in the Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus. Ibis 140: 422--430. (DLO Inst. For. and Nat. Res., Dept. Anim. Ecol., PO Box 23, Nl-6700 Aa Wageningen, Netherlands)---When food was scarce, chick mortality increased owing to starvation and more predation owing to changes in behaviour of adults and chicks.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Bukreyev, S. A. 1998. [Materials on breeding of the Bonelli's Eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus) in Kopetdagh, Turkmenistan.] Ornithologia 28: 154--158. (Ostrovityanova St., 18-3-100, Moscow 117321, Russia.)---Basic breeding biology. (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Catry, P., N. Ratcliffe, & R. W. Furness. 1998. The influence of hatching date on different life-history stages of Great Skuas Catharacta skua. J. Avian Biol. 29: 299--304. (R. de Campolide 215, 4°dto, 1070 Lisboa, Portugal.)---16-yr study of effect of hatching date on chick body condition, chick survival, post-fledging survival and eventual breeding performance as adult on Shetland.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Chae, H.-Y. 1998. [Effects of inclement weather conditions on laying interruption and clutch size of the Russet Sparrow Passer rutilans.] Strix 16: 17--23. (Lab. Wildl. Ecol., Obihiro Univ. Agric. Vet. Med., Inada, Obihiro 080, Japan.) (Japanese, Engl. summ.) {C906} {ROL #80}

{B700} Comolet-Tirman, J. 1998. [Breeding data for Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca in Fontainebleau forest.] Alauda 66: 67--68. (62 Ave. de la forît, F-77210 Avon, France.)---Clutch size, laying dates, breeding success. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O. {ROL #80}

{B700} Cordero, P. J., J. H. Wetton, & D. T. Parkin. 1999. Within-clutch patterns of egg viability and paternity in the House Sparrow. J. Avian Biol. 30: 103--107. (Dept. Ecol. Evol., Mus. Nac. de Cienc. Nat., C.S.I.C., J. Gutierrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain.)---A significant clustering of both infertile eggs and extra-pair young of Passer domesticus was noted in the earliest eggs in a clutch. Possible causes are discussed.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Crivelli, A. J., D. Hatzilacou, & G. Catsadorakis. 1998. The breeding biology of the Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus. Ibis 140: 472--481. (Stn. Biol. Tour du Valat, 13200 Arles, France.)---In NW Greece. Breeding success depends on hatching success, not nestling mortality.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} de Swardt, D. H. 1992. Notes on the breeding biology of Gurney’s Sugarbird. Ostrich 63: 136--137. (Dept. Ornithol., Natl. Mus., Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.)---Promerops gurneyi. {ROL #80}

{B700} Dijkstra, C., & M. Zijlstra. 1997. Reproduction of the Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus in recent land reclamations in The Netherlands. Ardea 85: 37--50. (Zool. Lab., Univ. Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands)---Reproductive output declined parallel to decrease of food abundance and increase in nest predation by Vulpes vulpes.---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Dijkstra R. 1997. [Reproduction of Lapwing Vanellus vanellus and Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus in high-intensity farmland near Ravenswoud {Netherlands} in 1997.] Drentse Vogels 10: 13--18. (Burg. Jollestraat 11, 9401 LD Assen, Netherlands.)---No breeding success without specific nest protection. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Din, N. A. 1992. Breeding of the Black-headed Village Weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) and the Chestnut-and-Black Weaver (P. nigerrimus) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Afr. J. Ecol. 30: 49--64. (2740-No.4 Rd., Richmond, BC V6X 2L5, Can.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Dombrovski, V., et al. 1998. [Raven Corvus corax in Belarus: breeding ecology.] Alauda 66: 13--24. (Inst. Zool., 27 r. Akademicheskaia, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.)---Data on 188 nests. Nest density, tree species, nest support, clutch size, egg-laying dates. Brood size correlated with nest height. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O. {ROL #80}

{B700} Durrer, H., F. Buner, & Ch. Rivera. 1995. [Breeding population of the Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos in the 'Petite Camargue alsacienne' (Alsace, France).] Ornithol. Beob. 92: 484--487. (Med. Biol. (Univ. Basel), Schönbeinstr. 40, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.)---Breeding density and nest sites. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B700} Ehrich, D. 1997. [Breeding biology of Lapland Bunting Calcarius lapponicus, Shore Lark Eremophila alpestris and Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis in the arctic tundra of West-Taymyr (Siberia).] Ornithol. Beob. 94: 209--224. (Zool. Inst. der Univ. Basel, Rheinsprung 9, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.) (German, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Green, A. J. 1998. Clutch size, brood size and brood emergence in the Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris in the Marismas del Guadalquivir, southwestern Spain. Ibis 140: 670--675. (Estacíon Biol. Doñana, Apartado 1056, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.)---First detailed study of breeding biology. Recent decline of this globally threatened species attributed to its late breeding season combined with changes in the timing of habitat flooding.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Herholdt, J. J. 1992. Breeding of the White-faced Owl in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park [South Africa]. Ostrich 63: 183--184. (Kalahari Gemsbok Natl. Pk., Priv. Bag X5890, Gemsbokpark, 8815, South Africa.)---Otus leucotis. {ROL #80}

{B700} Isenmann, P., & G. Fradet. 1998. Nest site, laying period, and breeding success of the Woodchat Shrike (Lanius senator) in Mediterranean France. J. Ornithol. 139: 49--54. (Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (CNRS/UPR 9056), 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex, France.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Kemp, A. C. 1993. Estimation of nesting activity by Laughing Doves in the Pretoria District, South Africa. Ostrich 64: 134--135. (Dept. Birds, Transvaal Mus., P.O. Box 413, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.)---Streptopelia senegalensis. {ROL #80}

{B700} Koks, B., & E. Visser. 1997. [Montagu's Harriers Circus pygargus breeding in The Netherlands in 1996.] Takkeling 5(1): 58--67. (Bekemaheerd 129, 9737 PS Groningen, Netherlands.)---23 territories, mainly in farmland, showed poor breeding success. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Konyukhov, N. B. 1998. Biology of the Cassin's Auklet at Buldir Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Ornithologia 28: 148--153. (A.N. Severtsov Inst. Ecol. Evol., Russian Acad. Sci., Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 117071, Russia.)---Basic breeding parameters and chick growth rates for Ptychoramphus aleuticus.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Körtner, G., & F. Geiser. 1999. Nesting behaviour and juvenile development of the Tawny Frogmouth Podargus strigoides. Emu 99: 212--217. (Dept. Zool., Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.)---Five nests were monitored and chick growth recorded at 4--7-day intervals from hatching to fledging, between 26 and 30 days after hatching.---W.K.S. {B720} {ROL #80}

{B700} Lepage, D., A. Desrochers, & G. Gauthier. 1999. Seasonal decline of growth and fledging success in Snow Geese Anser caerulescens: an effect of date or parental quality? J. Avian Biol. 30: 72--78. (Bird Stud. Canada, Long Pt. Bird Obs., P.O. Box 160, Port Rowan, ON N0E 1M0, Can.)---Seasonal variation in growth and reproductive success is caused mostly by environmental factors related to date of season.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Meilvang, D., A. Moksnes, & E. Røskaft. 1997. Nest predation, nesting characteristics and nest defence behaviour of Fieldfares and Redwings. J. Avian Biol. 28: 331--337. (AM: Dept. Zool., Norw. Univ. Sci. & Technol., NTNU, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.)---Study of 116 Turdus pilaris and 85 Turdus iliacus nests, and responses of adults to stuffed Corvus corone corvix placed on the nest rim for 5 mins. at different stages of nesting cycle.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Mizuta, T. 1998. The breeding biology of the Black Paradise Flycatcher. Jap. J. Ornithol. 47: 25--28. (Dept. Zool., Fac. Sci., Kyoto Univ., Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.)---Terpsiphone atrocaudata. {ROL #80}

{B700} Monadjem, A., N. Owen-Smith, & Kemp, A. C. 1994. Position of nest, incubation period and nestling period of the Arrow-marked Babbler. Ostrich 65: 341. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Witwatersrand, P.O. Box Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.)---Turdoides jardineii. {ROL #80}

{B700} Njoroge, P., & D. Mutinda. 1996. Notes on nesting of Hinde’s Babbler Turdoides hindei and Northern Pied Babbler Turdoides hypoleucus in Central Kenya. Ostrich 67: 170--172. (Natl. Mus. Kenya, Dept. Ornithol., P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Phillips, R. A., & R. W. Furness. 1998. Repeatability of breeding parameters in Arctic Skuas. J. Avian Biol. 29: 190--196. (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. Durham, S. Rd., Durham DH1 3LE, UK.)---Study of clutch volume, laying dates and chick growth among pairs of Stercorarius parasiticus which retained or changed partner. Body condition also influenced laying date or clutch volume.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Pöysä, H., et al. 1999. Nest-site selection in relation to habitat edge: experiments in the Common Goldeneye. J. Avian Biol. 30: 79--84. (Finn. Game & Fish. Res. Inst., Evo Game Res. Stn., Kaitalammintie 75, FIN-16970 Evo, Finland.)---Although Bucephala clangula prefer nest boxes erected on lake shore, nest predation rate did not differ between shore and forest nest boxes.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Randall, R., & M. Herremans. 1994. Breeding of the Slaty Egret Egretta vinaceigula along the Boro River in the central Okavango Delta (Botswana). Ostrich 65: 39--43. (C/O Box 266, Kasane, Botswana.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Ratcliffe, N., R. W. Furness, & N. I. Klomp. 1998. Influences of breeding experience on the reproductive performance of Great Skuas Catharacta skua. J. Avian Biol. 29: 293--298. (RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Beds SG 19 2DL, UK.)---5-year study of clutch size, egg volume, and hatching success on Shetland. Only clutch size and egg volume increased with breeding experience.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B700} Riedstra, B. J. 1997. [Two anomalous broods of the Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus.] Limosa 70: 33. (Poelestraat 38b5, 9712 KB Groningen, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Tarboton, W. R. 1992. Aspects of the breeding ecology of the African Jacana. Ostrich 63: 141--157. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Witwatersrand, 2001, Johannesburg, South Africa.)---Actophilornis africana. {ROL #80}

{B700} Tidemann, S. C., et al. 1999. Breeding biology of the Gouldian Finch Erythrura gouldiae, an endangered finch of northern Australia. Emu 99: 191--199. (Conserv. Comm. NT, P.O. Box 496, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Trujillo, D., & R. Barone. 1998. [Breeding of Accipiter nisus in avocado farming in the Canary Islands.] Alauda 66: 69. (C/ El Durazno, 47-E-38400 Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canarie Islands.) (French.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Verhulst, S., & J. M. Tinbergen. 1997. Clutch size and parental effort in the Great Tit Parus major. Ardea 85: 111--126. (Neth. Inst. Ecol., P.O. Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Vogrin, M. 1998. [Breeding of the Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus at Dravsko polje (Slovenia).] Acrocephalus 19: 14--20. (Hotinjska c. 108, SI-2312 Orehova vas, Slovenia.)---Mainly in maize fields, up to 9.3 pairs/10 ha. (Slovene, Engl. summ.)---M.V. {B716} {ROL #80}

{B700} Vogrin, M. 1998. [Breeding of the Jackdaw on the Dravsko polje (Slovenia).] Falco 13-14: 57--60. (Hotinjska c. 108, SI-2312 Orehova vas, Slovenia.) (Slovene, Eng. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B700} Whyte, I. A, Du T. Otto, & B. Barton. 1993. Marabou nesting in Kruger National Park [South Africa]. Ostrich 64: 186. (Natl. Pks. Board, Priv. Bag X402, Skukuza, 1350, South Africa.)---Leptoptilos crumeniferus. {ROL #80}

{B702} Aparicio, J. M. 1998. Individual optimization may explain differences in breeding time in the European Kestrel Falco tinnunculus. J. Avian Biol. 29: 121--128. (Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat. (CSIC), Depto. Ecol. Evol., J. Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.)---Experimental cross-fostering of clutches of equal size but different laying dates.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B702} Byshnev, I. I & K. D. Stavrovsky. 1998. [On the biology of the Red-breasted Flycatcher (Ficedula parva) in Berezinsky Nature Reserve (Belarus).] Subbuteo 1: 25--28. (No address in English; c/o P.O. Box 197, 230023 Grodno-23, Belarus.)---Nesting data for 20 nests. (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B702} Christen, W. 1996. [Early and late broods of the Grey Heron Ardea cinerea near Altreu (canton of Solothurn, Switzerland).] Ornithol. Beob. 93: 79--81. (Langendorfstr. 42, CH-4500 Solothurn, Switzerland.) (German, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B702} Evans, I. M., P. J. Cordero, & D. T. Parkin. 1998. Successful breeding at one year of age by Red Kites Milvus milvus in southern England. Ibis 140: 53--57. (JNCC, Vertebrate Ecol. and Conserv. Br., Monkstone Ho., City Rd. Peterborough PE1 1JY, UK.) {ROL #80}

{B702} Filchagov, A. V. 1997. [Mass renesting of Barnacle Geese (Branta leucopsis) on the Kanin Peninsula, Russia.] Casarca 3: 101--108. (Severtsov Inst. Ecol. Evol., Russian Acad. Sci., Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow, Russia.)---Owing to human predation, at least 70 pairs re-nested. This suggests that arctic geese do not have a limited energy budget during breeding. (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B702} Hirano, T. 1998. [Second breeding attempts of Japanese Sparrowhawks in residential areas.] Strix 16: 167--170. (2-3-15 Yoshino, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0838, Japan.)---Repeat nesting of Accipiter gularis. (Japanese, Engl. summ.)---B.M. {ROL #80}

{B702} Muff, S. 1995. [Early laying date of the Swallow Hirundo rustica.] Ornithol. Beob. 92: 483. (Schulhaus, Rümelbach, CH-8153 Rümlang, Switzerland.) (German, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B702} Savalli, U. M. 1993. The timing of breeding and moult of the Yellow-mantled Widowbird Euplectes macrourus in western Kenya. Ostrich 64: 49--56. (Dept. Integrative Biol., Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.)---Egg laying from May to September. Moulting occurs prior to breeding.---R.M.W. {E114} {ROL #80}

{B702} Thompson, J. J. 1993. Opportunistic breeding by the Red-billed Quelea in eastern Kenya. Ostrich 64: 32--37. (Japan Wildl. Res. Ctr., Yushima 2-29-2 Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.)---Quelea quelea. Opportunism underlined by prolonged breeding, early sexual maturation of young queleas together with their entry into the breeding population.---R.M.W. {ROL #80}

{B702} Trolliet, B. 1997. [An early clutch of Black Tern Chlidonias niger.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 243--244. (Chanteloup, F-85340 L'Ile d'Olonne, France.)---29 May 1995. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O. {ROL #80}

{B702} Veldkamp, R. 1997. Early breeding by Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis at Wanneperveen, The Netherlands: profiting by spawning Roach Rutilus rutilus. Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 26: 99--109. (De Rikking 46, NL-8332 CG Steenwijk, The Netherlands.) {ROL #80}

{B704} Berruti, A., B. McIntosh, & R. Walter. 1995. Parasitism of the Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea by the Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator. Ostrich 66: 94. (Durban Nat. Sci. Mus., P.O. Box 4085, Durban, 4000, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B704} Dupont, B. 1997. [Male Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus helping a pair of Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros to feed young.] Ornithos 4: 188--189. (Maison de la Nature, F-70150 Brussey, France.) (French, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B704} Eens, M., & R. Pinxten. 1999. Responses of male Spotless Starlings Sturnus unicolor to experimental intraspecific nest parasitism vary in relation to the nesting stage. J. Avian Biol. 30: 122--125. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.)---Males ejected all parasitic eggs laid between ten and four days before their mates started to lay.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B704} Kim, C.-H. 1996. [Behavioural characteristics between the parasite and host: Crow Tits Paradoxornis webbianus and Common Cuckoos Cuculus canorus.] Korean J. Ornithol. 3: 51--57. (Korea Inst. Ornithol., Kyung-Hee Univ., Seoul 130-701, Korea.)---Observations at 6 nests (Korean, Engl. summ.)---B.M. {ROL #80}

{B704} Lebreton, J. D., P. Defos du Rau, & N. Sadoul. 1998. [Chick of Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus raised by Black-headed Gull L. ridibundus.] Alauda 66: 61--62. (CEFE/CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.) (French.) {ROL #80}

{B704} Maclean, G. L. 1993. A new host for the Red-chested Cuckoo Cuculus solitarius in southern Africa. Ostrich 64: 136. (Dept. Zool. Entomol., Univ. Natal, P.O. Box 375, Pietermaritzburg, 3200, South Africa.)---Long-tailed Wagtail, Motacilla clara. {ROL #80}

{B704} Mermoz, M. E., & G. J. Fernández. 1999. Low frequency of Shiny Cowbird parasitism on Scarlet-headed Blackbirds: anti-parasite adaptations or nonspecific host life-history traits? J. Avian Biol. 30: 15--22. (Inst. Biol. & Med. Exp.-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina.)---Experimental identification of specific anti-parasite defenses of Amblyramphus holosericeus against Molothrus bonariensis.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B704} Moskát, C., & T. I. Fuisz. 1999. Reactions of Red-backed Shrikes Lanius collurio to artificial Cuckoo Cuculus canorus eggs. J. Avian Biol. 30: 175--181. (Anim. Ecol. Res. Group of the Hungarian Acad. Sci., c/o Hungarian Nat. Hist. Mus., Budapest, Baross u. 13., H-1088, Hungary.)---Red-backed Shrike, an occasional Cuckoo host in Europe, is probably able to recognize its own eggs and thus reject parasitic ones.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B704} Nowakowski, J. K., W. K. Nowakowski, & C. Mitrus. 1997. [Successful mixed broods of the Great Tit Parus major and Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca. Notatki Ornitol. 38: 315--321. (Zaklad Zoologii WSRP, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland.---2 cases, review of literature on mixed broods in hole-nesters. (Polish, Engl. summ.)---T.W. {ROL #80}

{B704} Øien, I. J., et al. 1998. Costs of Cuckoo Cuculus canorus parasitism to Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus. J. Avian Biol. 29: 209--215. (Norw. Ornith. Soc., Seminarpl. 5, N-7060 Klæbu, Norway.)---Comparisons of breeding success of 1108 parasitized and unparasitized nests in the Czech Republic over 5 years.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B704} Solovieva, D. 1997. [Incubation of Brent Goose (Branta bernicla nigricans) eggs by Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus). Casarca 3: 158--159. (Lena-Delta State Nat. Res., Sakha-Yakutia, Russia.) (Russian, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B704} Yamaguchi, Y., & T. Saitou. 1997. Intraspecific nest parasitism in the Grey Starling, Sturnus cineraceus. Ecol. Res. 12(2): 211--221. (Inst. Biol. Sci., Univ. Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305, Japan.)---Sixty-one of 290 nests contained at least one conspecific parasitic egg between 1992 and 1993.---H.N.{ROL #79}

{B704} Yoshida, Y. 1998. [Brood parasitism of the Japanese Accentor Prunella rubida by the Cuckoo Cuculus canorus on Mt. Fiji in Japan.] Strix 16: 163--166. (Tobechou 3-105-1, Nishi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-0042, Japan.) (Japanese, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B706} Armstrong, A. J., & J. Juritz. 1996. Prediction of cooperative breeding by terrestrial bird species in South Africa. Ostrich 67: 1--8. (Dept. Nat. Conserv. Manage., Univ. Stellenbosch, Priv. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.)---Prediction from ecological and life-history traits.---R.M.W. {ROL #80}

{B706} du Plessis, M. A. 1994. Cooperative breeding in the Trumpeter Hornbill Bycanistes bucinator. Ostrich 65: 45--47. (Percy FitzPatrick Inst., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa.)---Feeding contributions by two adult males.---R.M.W. {ROL #80}

{B706} Kemp, A., & A. Van Zyl. 1998. Co-operative breeding by Collared Falconets Microhierax caerulescens. Forktail 13: 131--132. (Dept. Birds, Transvaal Mus., Box 413, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B706} Kharitonov, S. P. 1998. Waterbird colony structure: system approach. Ornithologia 28: 26--37. (Moscow Bird Ringing Ctr., Leninsky Prospect, 86-310, Moscow 117313, Russia.)---Conceptual overview of coloniality.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B706} Macedo, R. G., & C. A. Bianchi. 1997. Communal breeding in tropical Guira Cuckoos Guira guira: sociality in the absence of a saturated habitat. J. Avian Biol. 28: 207--215. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil.) {ROL #80}

{B706} Syroechkovski, E. E. 1997. [Mixed colonies of two subspecies of Brent Geese in the Olenyok Bay, Yakutia (Russia).] Casarca 3: 114--125. (Inst. Ecol. Evol., Russian Acad. Sci., Moscow, Russia.)---5 mixed colonies consisted of approximately 48% Dark-bellied Brent Branta bernicla bernicla, 41% Black Brant Branta bernicla nigricans and 10% mixed pairs or pairs with birds of intermediate plumage. Nigricans arrive earlier and nest in the core of gull colonies and have smaller clutches; bernicla arrive later, breed on the edge of gull colonies and have larger clutches. (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B706} Wright, J. 1998. Helping-at-the-nest and group size in the Arabian Babbler Turdoides squamiceps. J. Avian Biol. 29: 105--112. (Sch. Biol. Sci., Univ. Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK)---3-yr study showed that helping-at-the-nest had a positive and linear effect on reproductive success of parents and reduced provisioning effort required of other group members.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B710} Craig, A. J. F. K. 1996. Eggs and incubation in passerine birds: let's admit our ignorance. Ostrich 67: 96--97. (Dept. Zool. Entomol., Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.)---Basic information lacking on southern African birds. {ROL #80}

{B710} Din, N. A. 1992. Hatching synchronization and polymorphism in the eggs of Ploceus cucullatus and P. nigerrimus with data on nest parasitism. Afr. J. Ecol. 30: 252--260. (2740-No.4 Rd., Richmond, BC V6X 2L5, Can.) {B704} {ROL #80}

{B710} Erikstad, K. E., T. Tveraa, & J. O. Bustnes. 1998. Significance of intraclutch egg-size variation in Common Eider: the role of egg size and quality of ducklings. J. Avian Biol. 29: 3--9. (NINA, Dept. Arctic Ecol., Storgt. 25, N-9005, Tromsø, Norway.)---Female Somateria mollissima allocate resources to eggs differentially and investment may affect growth rate and survival of ducklings.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B710} Gory, G. 1997. [The egg of the Common Swift Apus apus. Hour of laying, size and shape.] Alauda 65: 337--342. (Mus. Hist. Nat., 13 bis bd Amiral Courbet, F-30000 Nîmes, France.) (French, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B710} Hainsworth, F. R., et al. 1998. Time and heat allocations to balance conflicting demands during intermittent incubation by Yellow-eyed Juncos. J. Avian Biol. 29: 113--120. (Dept. Biol., Syracuse Univ., Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.)---Junco phaeonotus. {ROL #80}

{B710} Heaney, V., R. G. Nager, & P. Monaghan. 1998. Effect of increased egg production on egg composition in the Common Tern Sterna hirundo. Ibis 140: 693--696. (Ornithol. Grp., Div. Environ. Evol. Biol., Univ. Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)---Experimentally induced additional eggs had thinner shells, suggesting calcium resources become limiting.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B710} Hipfner, J. M., A. J. Gaston, & L. N. De Forest. 1997. The role of female age in determining egg size and laying date of Thick-billed Murres. J. Avian Biol. 28: 271--278. (Dep. Biopsychol., Memorial Univ. Newfoundland, St. Johns, NF A1B 3X9, Can.)---2-yr study in Canada shows that characteristics of individual Uria lomvia largely mediated by age during early reproduction attempts, determine egg size.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B710} Hong, S. B., Y. T. Woo, & S. Higashi. 1998. Effects of clutch size and egg-laying order on the breeding success in the Little Tern Sterna albifrons on the Nakdong Estuary, Republic of Korea. Ibis 140: 408--414. (Graduate Sch. Environ. Earth Sci., Hokkaido Univ.,Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan.)---Small clutches had lower hatching success; in 3-egg clutches, last-laid eggs were significantly less successful.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B710} Kentish, B. 1999. Breeding of Australian White Ibis, Straw-necked Ibis and Silver Gulls on Winter Swamp, Ballarat [Australia] from 1990--1997. Corella 23: 37--42. (Ctr. Environ. Manage., Univ. Ballarat, P.O. Box 663, Ballarat, Vic. 3353, Australia.)---Clutch size, nest density and timing for Threskiornis molucca, Threskiornis spinicollis and Larus novaehollandiae.---I.D.E. {B702} {ROL #80}

{B710} Mènguez, E. 1998. The costs of incubation in the British Storm-petrel: an experimental study in a single-egg layer. J. Avian Biol. 29: 183--189. (Estación Biol. Doñana (CSIC), Pabellón del Perœ, Avda, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain.)---Hatching success of Hydrobates pelagicus was higher in nests where incubation period was shortened than in nests where it was prolonged. Neither fledging success nor chick growth differed between treatments. Experiment influenced laying date in subsequent year.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B710} Oschadleus, H. D. 1996. Incubation and nestling periods of the Masked Weaver. Ostrich 67: 46--48. (211 Cheverney Flats, 30 Joan Street, La Montagne, 0184, South Africa.)---Ploceus velatus. {B720} {ROL #80}

{B710} Picman, J., & S. Pribil. 1997. Is greater eggshell density an alternative mechanism by which parasitic cuckoos increase the strength of their eggs? J. Ornithol. 138: 531--541. (Ottawa-Carleton Inst. of Biol., Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Can.)---A study of several parasitic and non-parasitic species supports the hypothesis.---P.H.B. {ROL #80}

{B710} Slotow, R., M. Lawes, & M. R. Perrin. 1995. Female Red Bishop incubation attentiveness. Ostrich 66: 142--145. (Biol. Dept., Univ. Natal, Durban, Priv. Bag X10, Dalbridge, 4014, South Africa.)---Euplectes orix. {ROL #80}

{B710} Slotow, R., M. Lawes, & K. Goddard. 1996. Incubation patterns of southern African birds. Ostrich 67: 98. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Natal, Durban, Priv. Bag X10, Dalbridge, 4014, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B710} Walters, M. 1998. The eggs of the Grey-crowned Prinia Prinia cinereocapilla. Forktail 13: 128--129. (Bird Gp., Nat. Hist. Mus., Tring, Herts HP23 6AP, UK.) {ROL #80}

{B710} Weidinger, K. 1998. Incubation and brooding rhythm of the Cape Petrel Daption capense at Nelson Island, south Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Ibis 140: 163--170. (Ornithol. Lab., Palacky Univ., Tr Svobody 26, Cz-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.)---Pairs where females contributed more to incubation had higher breeding success.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B710} Weimar, V., & K.-H. Schmidt. 1998. [Studies on the egg quality of the Great Tit (Parus major) in relation to soil condition.] J. Ornithol. 139: 3--9. (Oekol. Auaenst. d. Joh. Wolfg. Goethe Univ. Frankfurt, Schlagweg 19, D-36381 Schluechtern, Germany.)---In a limestone area with a good calcium supply, egg volume was larger and shells thicker than in a sandstone area. (German, Engl. summ.)---P.H.B. {ROL #80}

{B710} Whitehead, P. J. 1999. Aspects of the nesting biology of the Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata: incubation period, hatching synchrony and patterns of nest attendance and defence. Emu 99: 121--134. (Pks & Wildl. Comm. NT, P.O. Box 496, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia.) {B718} {ROL #80}

{B710} Zubko, V. N., A. B. Popovkina & N. N. Semenov. 1997. [Clutch size and incubation period in geese in the Askania-Nova nature reserve (Ukraine).] Casarca 3: 53--62. (Askania-Nova Nat. Res., Ukraine.)---In 4 species, older birds had larger clutches and occupied higher quality nesting sites. (Russian, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B712} Bjørnstad, G., & J. T. Lifjeld. 1997. High frequency of extra-pair paternity in a dense and synchronous population of Willow Warblers Phylloscopus trochilus. J. Avian Biol. 28: 319--324. (Div. Genetics, Dept. Morphol., Genetics and Aquat. Biol., Norw. Coll. Vet. Med., Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo. Norway.)---DNA fingerprinting showed 50% of broods contained young of an extra-pair male. Removal of pair male on day the first egg was laid did not increase the frequency of extra-pair paternity.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B712} Cordero, P. J., J. H. Wetton, & D. T. Parkin. 1999. Extra-pair paternity and male badge size in the House Sparrow. J. Avian Biol. 30: 97--102. (Dept. Ecol. Evol., Mus. Nac. de Cienc. Nat., C.S.I.C., J. Gutierrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain.)---Single-locus DNA profiling of two Passer domesticus populations showed that mate choice was influenced by bib size. However, contrary to "good genes" prediction, small-bibbed males were not cuckolded more frequently. {ROL #80}

{B712} Langefors, Ä., D. Hasselquist, & T. von Schantz. 1998. Extra-pair fertilizations in the Sedge Warbler. J. Avian Biol. 29: 134--144. (Dept. Anim. Ecol., Lund Univ., Ecol. Bldg., S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.)---DNA fingerprinting of 201 young from 44 broods of Acrocephalus schoenobaenus revealed 7.5% extra-pair young in 23% of broods.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B712} Lubjuhn, T., et al. 1999. High frequency of extra-pair paternity in the Coal Tit. J. Avian Biol. 30: 229--233. (Inst. für Evol. Biol. und Ökol., Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Univ. Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.)---15 of 20 broods investigated contained at least one nestling sired by an extra-pair male. 40 of 158 nestlings were extra-pair young. This could not be explained by breeding density.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B712} Lubjuhn, T., W. Winkel, & J. Bruen. 1998. [Parentage analyses in three Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) broods containing nine nestlings.] J. Ornithol. 139: 70--72. (Inst. f. Angew. Zool., Rheinische Friedr.-Wilhelms-Univ. Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.)---In two broods, the female was the genetic mother of all nestlings; in one brood, one nestling was not related to either adult that cared for the young. (German, Engl. summ.)---P.H.B. {ROL #80}

{B712} Stutchbury, B. J. M., E. S. Morton, & W. H. Piper. 1998. Extra-pair mating system of a synchronously breeding tropical songbird. J. Avian Biol. 29: 72--78. (Dept. Biol., York Univ., North York, ON M3J 1P3, Can.)---3-yr study of DNA and song output of 20--40 pairs of Turdus grayi in Panama.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B712} Tarof, S. A., et al. 1998. Does breeding density covary with extra-pair fertilizations in Hooded Warblers? J. Avian Biol. 29: 145--154. (Dept. Biol., Queens Univ., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Can.)---Combination of DNA fingerprinting and behaviour studies of Wilsonia citrina showed no relationship between extra-pair paternity and either inter-territory distance or number of adjacent neighbours within 300 m.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B712} Verboven, N., & A. C. Mateman. 1997. Low frequency of extra-pair fertilizations in the Great Tit Parus major revealed by DNA fingerprinting. J. Avian Biol. 28: 231--239. (Netherl. Inst. Ecol., P. O. Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands.) {ROL #80}

{B712} Wi�cek, J., & P. Kozio». 1997. [An attempt at verification of partner fidelity in the Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus with use of DNA fingerprinting.] Notatki Ornitol. 38: 173--182. (Zaklad Ochrony Przyrody UMCS, Akademicka 19, 20--033 Lublin, Poland.)---8 pairs, no extra-pair fertilizations. (Polish, Engl. summ.)---T.W. {D504} {ROL #80}

{B712} Yezerinac, S. M., et al. 1999. Extrapair paternity in a far northern population of Yellow Warblers Dendroica petechia. J. Avian Biol. 30: 234--237. (Dept. Biol., Queen’s Univ., Kingston, ON, Can.)---Proportion of extra-pair young was lower in northern population where nest density was lower and breeding synchrony higher than in population 1500 km to south.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B714} Bensch, S. 1997. The cost of polygyny---definitions and applications. J. Avian Biol. 28: 345--352. (Dept. Anim. Ecol., Ecol. Bldg., Lund Univ., S-223 62 Lund Sweden.) {ROL #80}

{B714} Bradbury, R. B., et al. 1997. Nestling sex ratio in the European Starling Sturnus vulgaris. J. Avian Biol. 28: 255--258. (Edward Grey Inst. Fld. Ornithol., Dept. Zool., S. Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.)---Significant female bias among 350 chicks from 108 broods.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B714} Hamao, S., & K. Ueda. 1998. Nest sharing by polygynously mated females in the Black-browed Reed Warbler Acrocephalus bistrigiceps. Ibis 140: 176--178. (Urawa Minami High Sch., Tsuji 6-5-31, Urawa, Saitama 336, Japan.)---1 case out of 49 nests observed.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B714} Hartley, I. R., et al. 1999. Nestling sex ratios in the polygynously breeding Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra. J. Avian Biol. 30: 7--14. (Div. Biol. Sci., Inst. Environ. & Nat. Sci., Lancaster Univ., Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.)---PCR-SSCP assay of 288 nestlings from 113 clutches in 1998-1999 in Scotland to investigate effect of year, timing of breeding, levels of polygyny, brood size or female size on brood sex ratio.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B714} Kotaka, N. 1998. Classical polyandry in the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major. Ibis 140: 335--336. (Lab. Geoecol., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan.)---First recorded case.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B714} Mitchell, C. 1997. Re-mating in migratory Wigeon Anas penelope. Ardea 85: 275--277. (Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Glos., GL2 7BT, UK.)---Three out of five pairs reformed in following winter.---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B714} Olsen, P., et al. 1998. Assortative mating in falcons: do big females pair with big males? J. Avian Biol. 29: 197--200. (Div. Bot. & Zool., Australian Natl. Univ., Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.)---Presents evidence of possible link between assortative mating and dimorphism among Falco peregrinus, Falco berigora and Falco cenchroides.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B714} Taborsky, B., & M. Taborsky. 1999. The mating system and stability of pairs in kiwi Apteryx spp. J. Avian Biol. 30: 143--151. (Konrad-Lorenz-Inst. Vergleichende Verhaltensforschung (KLIVV), Savoyenstr. 1a, A-1160 Wien, Austria.)---Study of four populations concludes that "parental limitation hypothesis" is more adequate than the "environmental polygamy potential" hypothesis to explain mating patterns in kiwis.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B714} Tarboton, W. R. 1995. Polyandry in the African Jacana: The roles of male dominance and rate of clutch loss. Ostrich 66: 49--60. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Witwatersrand, P.O. Box Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.)---Actophilornis africana. {ROL #80}

{B714} Trewick, S. A. 1997. On the skewed sex ratio of the Kakapo Strigops habroptilus: sexual and natural selection in opposition? Ibis 139: 652--663. (Dept. Zool., Univ. Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.)---Subfossil deposits show persistent male bias. Size dimorphism appears to favour males being large and against females being small.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B714} Winkel, W. 1998. Monoterritorial bigyny in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca. Ibis 140: 178--180. (Inst. Vogelforsch Vogelwarte Helgoland, Aussenstn Braunschweig, Bauernstr 14, D-38162 Cremlingen Weddel, Germany.)---Breeding parameters for 49 cases.---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B714} Wintle, C. C., & P. B. Taylor. 1993. Sequential polyandry, behaviour and moult in captive Striped Crakes Aenigmatolimnas marginalis. Ostrich 64: 115--122. (PBT: Dept. Zool. Entomol., Univ. Natal, P.O. Box 375, Pietermaritzburg, 3200, South Africa.) {E114} {ROL #80}

{B716} Anderson, M. D. 1994. Possible tree-breeding by Black Swifts Apus barbatus. Ostrich 65: 344--345. (Nat. Conserv. Serv., North. Cape Province, Priv. Bag X6102, Kimberley, 8300, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B716} Brown, C. R. 1994. Nest microclimate, egg temperature, egg water loss, and eggshell conductance in Cape Weavers Ploceus capensis. Ostrich 65: 26--31. (Dept. Zool. Entomol., Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.) {B710} {ROL #80}

{B716} Craig, A. J. F. K. 1995. Adaptation and evolution in ploceid weaver nests. Ostrich 66: 100--102. (Dept. Zool. Entomol., Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B716} Cresswell, W. 1997. Nest predation rates and nest detectability in different stages of breeding in Blackbirds Turdus merula. J. Avian Biol. 28: 296--302. (Graham Kerr Bldg., Div. Environ. & Evol. Biol., IBLS, Glasgow Univ., Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)---Selection for nest predation appears to occur early in breeding cycle.---R.T.B. {ROL #80}

{B716} Dean, W. R. J., & S. J. Milton. 1993. The use of Galium tormentosum (Rubiaceae) as nest material by birds in the southern Karoo [South Africa]. Ostrich 64: 187--189. (Percy FitzPatrick Inst., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B716} Dijk, J. van. 1997. [Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiacus breeding in nestbox for Peregrines Falco peregrinus at a height of 50 m.] Takkeling 5(1): 53--54. (Mgr. Nolenslaan 19, 8014 AS Zwolle, Netherlands.) (Dutch, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B716} Din, N. A. 1992. Pattern of nest destruction in the two village weavers (Ploceus cucullatus and P. nigerrimus) at Ife, Nigeria. Afr. J. Ecol. 30: 261--268. (2740-No.4 Rd., Richmond, BC V6X 2L5, Can.) {ROL #80}

{B716} Diop, M. S., & B. Tréca. 1996. Distribution of nest preparation tasks between mates of the Red-billed Hornbill Tockus erythrorhynchus. Ostrich 67: 55--59. (Anim. Biol. Dept., Cheikh Anta DIOP Univ., Dakar, Senegal.) {ROL #80}

{B716} Fasola, M., E. Benussi, & T. Bino. 1997. Abandoned buildings increase nest density of Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica in Karavasta area, Albania. Alauda 65: 279--281. (Dept. Biol. Anim., Univ., Piazza Botta 9, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.) {ROL #80}

{B716} Ford, H. A. 1999. Nest-site selection and breeding success in large Australian honeyeaters: are there benefits from being different? Emu 99: 91--99. (Div. Zool., Univ. New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.)---Nesting success of the Red Wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata and Noisy Friarbird Philemon corniculatus are similar, although they differ in preferences for tree species in which to nest differ and in the positioning of their nests within trees. The data provide some support for the hypothesis that the diversity of nest locations reduces the chance that nest predators will develop a strong search image for any specific nest-site.---W.K.S. {C918} {ROL #80}

{B716} Haw, J. 1996. Strange nest lining of two pairs of Crowned Eagles. J. African Raptor Biol. 11: 19--20. (c/o Raptor Conserv. Group, P.O. Box 72155, Parkview 2122, South Africa.)---Stephanoaetus coronatus used leaves of introduced eucalyptus trees.---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B716} Howman, H. R. G., & G. W. Begg. 1995. Intra-seasonal and interseasonal nest renovation in the Masked Weaver Ploceus velatus. Ostrich 66: 122--128. (21 Sevenoaks Dr., Mayfield Pk., Harare, Zimbabwe.) {ROL #80}

{B716} Hudgens, B. R. 1997. Nest predation avoidance by the Blue-billed Malimbe Malimbus nitens (Ploceinae). Ibis 139: 692--694. (Dept. Zool., 108 Biol. Sci. Bldg., Box 90325, Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27708--0325, USA.)---Possible association with African Dwarf Crocodile Osteolamus tetraspis---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B716} Indykiewicz, P. 1998. [Breeding of the House Sparrow Passer domesticus, Tree Sparrow P. montanus, and Starling Sturnus vulgaris in White Stork Ciconia ciconia nests.] Notatki Ornitol. 39: 97--103. (Polish, Engl. summ.)---N. Poland, almost 50% of stork nests inhabited by Passer domesticus.---T.W. {ROL #80}

{B716} Ishida, K., M. Takashi & M. Ueta. 1998. [A breeding record of Lidth's Jay in a nest box at a natural forest of Kinsakubaru on Amami Island (Japan).] Strix 16: 148--151. (Univ. For., Univ. Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.)---Garrulus lidthi. (Japanese, Engl. summ.) {E515} {ROL #80}

{B716} Iwami, Y., S. Ikeda, & S. Yamazaki. 1998. [Black Kites nesting on a power pylon tower in southwestern Hokkaido, northern Japan.] Strix 16: 160--162. (United Graduate Sch. Agric. Sci., Iwate Univ. 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080, Japan.)---Milvus migrans. (Japanese, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B716} Kemp, A. C., & K. S. Begg. 1996. Nest sites of the Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, and conservation implications. Ostrich 67: 9--14. (Dept. Birds, Transvaal Mus., P.O. Box 413, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.) {B912} {ROL #80}

{B716} Keulen, C. 1996.[Observation of the Penduline Tit’s nesting in Lanaye (Belgium).] Cahiers d’Ethologie 16: 487--498. (La. d’Ethologie et Psychologie animale, Univ. Liège, 22 quai Van Beneden, B-4020 Liège, Belgium.)---Behaviour of Remiz pendulinus during nest-building (French, Engl. summ.)---J.K.B. {ROL #80}

{B716} Kooij, H. van der. 1997. [Are the breeding results of Purple Herons Ardea purpurea influenced by change of nest height.] Limosa 70: 145--150. (Groenendaal 8, 4041 XX Heteren, Netherlands.)---No. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B716} Kucharski, R. 1998. [Nesting of the Coal Tit Parus ater in burrows of the Kingfisher Alcedo atthis.] Notatki Ornitol. 39: 51--52. (Jaru¿yñska 5/52, 85-792 Bydgoszcz, Poland.)---3 cases, N. Poland. (Polish, Engl. summ.)---T.W. {ROL #80}

{B716} Leishman, A. J. 1999. Grey Shrike-thrush nesting in old nest of Superb Lyrebird. Aust. Birds 31(4): 145. (Roy. Bot. Gardens, Mrs Macquarie Rd., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.)---Colluricincla harmonica, Menura novaehollandiae. {ROL #80}

{B716} Malan, G. 1994. Distribution of nests of the Pied Crow Corvus albus on telephone poles in the Upper Karoo [South Africa]. Ostrich 65: 44--45. (Percy FitzPatrick Inst., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa.) {ROL #80}

{B716} Matsuoka, S., & Y. Takada. 1999. The role of snags in the life of woodpeckers and snag management in a forest: A review. Jap. J. Ornithol. 47: 33--48. (Lab. Wildl. Manage., Hokkaido Res. Ctr. FFPRI, Sapporo 062-8516, Japan.)---Snags are important for woodpeckers and should be conserved in Japanese forests. (Japanese, Engl. summ.)---H.N. {B910} {ROL #80}

{B716} Oschadleus, H. D. 1995. Structure and function in Cape Weaver nests. Ostrich 66: 98--100. (211 Cheverney, 30 Joan St., La Montagne, 0184, South Africa.)---Ploceus capensis. {ROL #80}

{B716} Roulin, A., & B. Ducret. 1997. [Tawny Owls Strix aluco breed in natural nest sites in western Switzerland.] Nos Oiseaux 44: 229--234. (Univ. of Berne, Inst. Zool., CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland.)---33 breeding attempts, 27 successful. Factors that influence breeding success. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O. {C918} {ROL #80}

{B716} Roulin, A., J. Jeanmonod, & T. Blanc. 1997. [Green plant material in Common Buzzard Buteo buteo nests during nestling.] Alauda 65: 251--257. (Inst. Zool., Univ. de Berne, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland.) (French.) {ROL #80}

{B716} Santing, J. 1997. [Unusual nesting site of a Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus pair in the province of Drenthe.] Takkeling 5(1): 55--57. (De Gloep 2, 7875 AJ Exloo, Netherlands.)---Bred unsuccessfully in stand of Pseudotsuga menziesii. (Dutch, Engl. summ.)---R.G.B. {ROL #80}

{B716} Vidal, E., & V. Bonnet. 1997. [Nest materials of the Yellow-legged Gull Larus cachinnans. Impact on the vegetation.] Alauda 65: 301--305. (Inst. Méditerranéen Ecol. et Paléoécol., Fac. Sci. Tech. St Jérôme, Case 461, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.)---Collecting plant materials seemed to have no impact. (French, Engl. summ.)---G.O. {ROL #80}

{B716} Wakisaka, H. 1998. [Breeding record of a pair of Kingfishers in the holes of a retaining wall.] Strix 16: 156--159. (Hosizaki Green Found., Yamakata 271-13, Kisuki-Cho, Ohara-gun, Simane 699-13, Japan.)---Alcedo atthis. (Japanese, Engl. summ.) {ROL #80}

{B716} Williams, J. B. 1993. Nest orientation of Orange-breasted Sunbirds in South Africa. Ostrich 64: 40--42. (Percy FitzPatrick Inst., Univ. Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa.)---Nectarinia violacea. {ROL #80}

{B716} Wuntke, B., & I. Ludwig. 1995. [Breeding habitats of the Barn Owl Tyto alba in the district of Brandenburg/Germany.] Ornithol. Beob. 92: 321--323. (Projektgruppe Naturschutz am Inst. f. Biol. der Humboldt Univ. zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany.)---Typical breeding habitat contained c.70% agricultural area and c.8% urban area. (German, Engl. summ.)---V.K. {ROL #80}

{B718} Burton, N. H. K. 1998. Notes on the diet of nestling White-throated Kingfishers Halcyon smyrnensis in Malaysia. Forktail 14: 79--80. (Flat 1, Gothic House, Old Market St., Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2EQ, UK.)---Summarizes 6 observation periods at a nest site in Kuala Selangor.---I.C.R. {ROL #80}

{B718} Gates, R. N.